UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 20-F
 (Mark One)
 
 
REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIESEXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
OR
 
 
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020
 
OR
 
 
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
OR
 
 
SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 Date of event requiring this shell company report ___ 

       For the transition period from     __________  to _________

Commission file number: 001-39721
 
NEOGAMES S.A.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
 
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

5, rue de Bonnevoie
L-1260 Luxembourg, Grand
Duchy of Luxembourg
(Address of principal executive offices)

Moti Malul
Chief Executive Officer
5, rue de Bonnevoie
L-1260 Luxembourg, Grand
Duchy of Luxembourg
Tel: +972-3-607-2571
Email: moti.malul@neogames.com
(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)
 
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
 
Title of each class
Trading Symbol
Name of each exchange on which registered
Ordinary Shares, no par value
NGMS
The Nasdaq Global Market
 

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
 
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None
 
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.
 
24,983,855 Ordinary Shares, no par value per share.
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
 
Yes        No

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
 
Yes       No
 
Note – Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their obligations under those Sections.
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
 
Yes      No
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
 
Yes      No
  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 
Large Accelerated Filer
Accelerated Filer
Non-Accelerated Filer
   
Emerging growth company
 
If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.☐

† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.☐

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:
 
U.S. GAAP
International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board
Other

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.
 
Item 17       Item 18
 
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
 
Yes       No


TABLE OF CONTENTS

Item Number
Title
Page
 
 
 
  ii
  ii
  ii
  iii
  iii
     
PART ONE
   
 
 
 
1
1
1
28
44
44
57
64
70
71
72
81
82
 
 

PART TWO
 
 
 
 
 
82
82
82
83
83
83
84
84
84
85
85
 
 
 
PART THREE
 
 
 
 
 
86
86
86
 
i


DEFINITIONS
 
Unless where the context otherwise requires or otherwise indicated, terms “NeoGames” and the “Company” refer to NeoGames S.A. together with its consolidated subsidiaries, as a group, and the terms “we,” “us” and “our” refer to the Company, together with NeoPollard Interactive LLC (“NPI” or the “Joint Venture”), as a group.

References to the Exchange Act are to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended;

References to Nasdaq are to the Nasdaq Global Market;

References to “Ordinary Shares” are to our Ordinary Shares, no par value per share;

References to the SEC are to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission;

References to the Securities Act are to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended;

References to “B2B” means business-to-business;

References to “B2C” means business-to-consumer;

References to “B2G” means business-to-government;

References to “Gross Gaming Revenue” or “GGR” means gross sales less winnings paid to players;

References to “iLottery Penetration” means, with respect to the gross sales generated by either a lottery or by all lotteries within a given market, the percentage of such gross sales that was generated by iLottery offerings;

References to “Net Gaming Revenue” or “NGR” means (i) in North America, gross sales less winnings paid to players and any promotion dollar incentives granted to players, and (ii) in Europe, gross sales less winnings paid to players, any gambling tax or duty paid on such sales and any promotion incentives granted to players; and

References to dollar,” “USD” and $ are to U.S. dollars, “NIS” or “shekels” are to New Israeli Shekels, “pound sterling,” “pence” or “£” are to the legal currency of the United Kingdom, “€” or “euro” are to the currency introduced at the start of the third stage of European Economic and Monetary Union pursuant to the treaty establishing the European Community, as amended, and “C$” is to Canadian dollars.
 
PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL INFORMATION

We report under International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (the “IASB”). None of the Company’s financial statements were prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). We present our consolidated financial statements in U.S. dollars. NPI’s financial statements included in this Annual Report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We have made rounding adjustments to some of the figures included in this Annual Report. Accordingly, numerical figures shown as totals in some tables may not be an arithmetic aggregation of the figures that precede them.

Throughout this Annual Report, we provide a number of key performance indicators used by our management and often used by competitors in our industry. These and other key performance indicators are discussed in more detail in Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects - Key Performance Indicators.”

MARKET AND INDUSTRY DATA

Unless otherwise indicated, information in this Annual Report concerning our industry, our markets and our competitive position, is based on information from our own internal estimates and research as well as from publicly available information, industry and general publications and research, surveys and studies conducted by third parties such as the American Gaming Association, Eilers & Krejcik Gaming, GamblingCompliance, H2 Gambling Capital (“H2GC”) and La Fleur’s TLF Publications, in addition to reports from state lottery commissions.
ii


Industry publications and forecasts generally state that the information they contain has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but that the accuracy and completeness of such information is not guaranteed. Forecasts and other forward-looking information obtained from these sources are subject to the same qualifications and uncertainties as the other forward-looking statements in this Annual Report. See “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

USE OF TRADEMARKS
 
We have proprietary rights to trademarks used in this Annual Report which are important to our business, many of which are registered under applicable intellectual property laws.

Solely for convenience, the trademarks, service marks, logos and trade names referred to in this Annual Report are without the ® and ™ symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights or the rights of the applicable licensors to these trademarks, service marks and trade names. This Annual Report contains additional trademarks, service marks and trade names of others, which are the property of their respective owners. All trademarks, service marks and trade names appearing in this Annual Report are, to our knowledge, the property of their respective owners. We do not intend our use or display of other companies’ trademarks, service marks, copyrights or trade names to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, any other companies.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
 
This Annual Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act, Section 21E of the Exchange Act, and the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, that relate to our current expectations and views of future events. These forward-looking statements are contained principally in the sections titled Item 3.D. “Key Information-Risk Factors,” Item 4. “Information on the Company,” and Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” These statements relate to events that involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

In some cases, these forward-looking statements can be identified by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “potential,” “continue,” “is/are likely to” or other similar expressions.

These forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions, some of which are beyond our control. In addition, these forward-looking statements reflect our current views with respect to future events and are not a guarantee of future performance. Actual outcomes may differ materially from the information contained in the forward-looking statements as a result of a number of factors, including, without limitation, the risk factors set forth in Item 3.D. “Key Information-Risk Factors,” and the following:


we have a concentrated customer base, and our failure to retain our existing contracts with our customers could have a significant adverse effect on our business;


we do not have a formal joint venture agreement or any other operating or shareholders’ agreement with Pollard Banknote Limited (“Pollard”) with respect to NPI, our joint venture with Pollard, through which we conduct a substantial amount of our business;


a reduction in discretionary consumer spending could have an adverse impact on our business;


the growth of our business largely depends on our continued ability to procure new contracts;


we incur significant costs related to the procurement of new contracts, which we may be unable to recover in a timely manner, or at all;

iii



intense competition exists in the iLottery industry, and we expect competition to continue to intensify;


our information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers or breached due to employee error, malfeasance or other disruptions;


in addition to competition with other iLottery providers, we and our customers also compete with providers of other online offerings;


the gaming and lottery industries are heavily regulated, and changes to the regulatory framework in the jurisdictions in which we operate could harm our existing operations; and


while we have not experienced a material impact to date, the ongoing COVID-19 and similar health epidemics and contagious disease outbreaks could significantly disrupt our operations and adversely affect our business, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

Many important factors, in addition to the factors described above and in other sections of this Annual Report, could adversely impact our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for our management to predict all risks and uncertainties, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from forward-looking statements. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

The forward-looking statements made in this Annual Report relate only to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this Annual Report. You should not put undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. Actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors described in this annual report, including factors beyond our ability to control or predict. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee that future results, levels of activity, performance and events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or will occur. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements are made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. You should read this Annual Report and the documents that we reference in this Annual Report and have filed as exhibits hereto completely and with the understanding that our actual future results or performance may be materially different from what we expect.
 
iv

 
PART ONE
 
ITEM 1.            IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS
 
Not applicable.

 ITEM 2.           OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
 
Not applicable.
 
ITEM 3.            KEY INFORMATION
 
3.A.          Selected Financial Data

Not applicable.

3.B.          Capitalization and Indebtedness
 
Not applicable.
 
3.C.          Reasons For the Offer and Use of Proceeds
 
Not applicable.
 
3.D.          Risk Factors
 
You should carefully consider the risks described below before making an investment decision. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business operations. Our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially and adversely affected by any of these risks. The trading price and value of our Ordinary Shares could decline due to any of these risks, and you may lose all or part of your investment. This Annual Report also contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including the risks faced by us described below and elsewhere in this Annual Report.
 
Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry

We have a concentrated customer base, and our failure to retain our existing contracts with our customers could have a significant adverse effect on our business.

Our financial condition is heavily dependent on our ability to maintain our existing turnkey contracts and our large games contracts. We cannot guarantee that our existing contracts will be renewed or that we will be able to win a procurement process for a new contract. As is typical with many government contracts, most of our customers can terminate our contracts for convenience. Loss of any of our customer contracts would result in a substantial decline in our revenues, which also could hinder our ability to pursue growth initiatives, both in the form of new or enhanced products and services and in expansion into new markets. The loss of any of our customers could damage our reputation, which could materially damage our financial condition.

We are dependent on Pollard with respect to our joint operation of the iLottery for the Michigan State Lottery.

We act as a subcontractor to Pollard with respect to its agreement to provide development, implementation, operational support and maintenance (including technology platforms, games and added value services) to the Michigan State Lottery (“MSL” and the “MSL Agreement”). The Michigan iLottery accounted for 54.5% of our revenues in the year ended December 31, 2020 and 40.2% of our revenues in the year ended December 31, 2019.

If Pollard breaches or does not perform its obligations under the MSL Agreement to the satisfaction of the MSL or if there is otherwise a dispute between Pollard and the MSL, the MSL could seek to terminate the MSL Agreement prior to its expiration or seek to amend the terms of the MSL Agreement in a manner that would negatively impact the financial and other benefits we derive indirectly from the MSL Agreement. In addition, such an amendment to the MSL Agreement could cause Pollard to seek to amend the terms of our agreement with Pollard with respect to the MSL (the “Michigan JV Agreement”) in a way that is less favorable to us. If the MSL terminates the MSL Agreement or if any disputes arise between Pollard and the MSL, our business, financial conditions and results of operations could be adversely affected as a result of our association with Pollard and the MSL.

1


We do not have a formal joint venture agreement or any other operating or shareholders’ agreement with Pollard with respect to NPI, through which we conduct a substantial amount of our business.

Following the MSL procurement process, the Company and Pollard established NPI to pursue other iLottery opportunities in the North American market. NPI has since been awarded iLottery contracts with the Virginia Lottery (the “VAL”) in August 2015, the New Hampshire Lottery Commission (the “NHL”) in September 2018 (as a subcontractor to Intralot, Inc. (“Intralot”)), the North Caroline Education Lottery (the “NCEL”) in October 2019 and the Alberta Gaming, Liquor and Cannabis Commission (the “AGLC”) in March 2020.

Although we and Pollard have certain rights and obligations prescribed by law as equity holders of NPI, there is no joint venture agreement, shareholders’ agreement or any other type of operating agreement between us and Pollard with respect to NPI, and we and Pollard operate NPI based on a term sheet that was executed in 2014 and expired in 2015. While to date the parties have been successfully operating NPI on the basis of non-contractual understandings, the absence of a written agreement with clearly defined rights, roles and responsibilities of each party may increase the likelihood of disputes between us and Pollard and could make the outcome of any potential dispute more uncertain. Furthermore, conducting a business through a jointly-owned entity such as NPI entails risks that are commonly associated with joint ventures, including the failure to maintain a good working relationship, differing economic and business interests and goals, and liability or reputational harm resulting from each other’s actions. Differences in views between us and Pollard, or a change in the ownership of Pollard, may also result in delayed decision-making or disputes at the shareholder and board level that could negatively impact the operations of NPI and its relationship with customers.

Upon the termination of the Michigan JV Agreement, neither we nor Pollard will be obligated to cooperate with each other in pursuing iLottery opportunities in North America, and both we and Pollard may choose to pursue future iLottery opportunities without each other. The termination of our business relationship with Pollard would pose several potential risks for us. In the event that our relationship with Pollard is terminated, there can be no assurance that any of NPI’s employees will remain with NPI. In addition, Pollard manages the procurement process, and our ability to pursue new contracts in North America may be hindered as a result of a need to build certain legal, administrative and customer relations capabilities and functions in our North American operations, which Pollard currently contributes to NPI and which we do not currently offer in North America. As such, if we pursue future opportunities alone, we cannot assure you that we will be able to secure additional contracts in North America. Further, if we decide to collaborate with new partners with whom we have no prior relationship or track record of successful cooperation, we may fail to achieve the same degree of success that we have achieved with Pollard. We may also be delayed in pursuing future opportunities if we are required to negotiate new agreements and business arrangements with these new partners, and the terms we negotiate with these new partners may be less favorable than those we currently have with Pollard.

A reduction in discretionary consumer spending could have an adverse impact on our business.

Lottery and gaming represent discretionary expenditures, which are subject to volatility during times of economic, social and political change. Changes in discretionary spending or player preferences are driven by changes outside of our control, such as, but not limited to, the following economic or socio-political factors:


recessions or other economic slowdowns;
 

perceptions by potential players of weak or weakening economic conditions;
 

tax increases, including on lottery winnings;
 

significant declines in stock markets;


decreased liquidity in certain financial markets;


general tightening of credit;


civil unrest, terrorist activities or other forms of socio-political turbulence; and
 

pandemics, epidemics and the spread of contagious diseases.

2


We generate the majority of our revenues from customer contracts based on a revenue sharing model, with our portion calculated as a percentage of GGR or NGR. Widespread reductions in disposable income could lead to a reduction in the number of lottery players and the amounts such players are willing and able to wager. Given the nature of our revenue sharing arrangements, fewer players and lower spending per player could have a significant adverse effect on our business.

Because our customers’ offerings are typically available only to players within their geographic borders, our revenue is highly concentrated in a limited number of locations. A significant portion of our revenue is generated from the Michigan iLottery, and any adverse impact resulting from any of the foregoing economic factors would be magnified to the extent that it disproportionately impacts players in Michigan or other jurisdictions from which we derive revenues.

As our revenue sharing arrangements result in an intertwined relationship between our and our customers’ financial condition, we also face significant risks during times of uncertain and unfavorable economic and socio-political conditions affecting our customers. Unfavorable economic and socio-political factors and conditions could result in budgetary and liquidity concerns for our customers, which may reduce the likelihood that we will be able to renew our existing contracts on substantially similar commercial terms or win new contracts with terms as favorable to us as the terms of our existing contracts.

The growth of our business largely depends on our continued ability to procure new contracts.

While much of our revenue growth over the past few years has come from increasing NGR generated by the Michigan iLottery, and we expect the Michigan iLottery to continue to account for a large portion of our revenues, the addition of new iLottery contracts has recently begun to contribute substantially to the growth of our business. In particular, NPI began recognizing revenues from new turnkey contracts supporting the NHL and the NCEL in 2018 and 2019, respectively, and these two contracts accounted collectively for 56.1% of NPI’s revenues for the year ended December 31, 2020.

We may not continue to procure new customer contracts at the same rate as in the past, or at all. There can be no assurance that additional U.S. states will seek to implement iLottery offerings or that U.S. states seeking to implement iLottery offerings will do so through a process in which NPI can compete to be the turnkey solution provider. In particular, certain of our competitors currently serve as central lottery system providers for certain U.S. states, and if these states decide to implement iLottery offerings, they may choose to do so by expanding their existing relationships with our competitors without launching a public procurement process or by including iLottery in a broader lottery system procurement process in which we may not be able to successfully compete.

Even if additional U.S. states seek to implement iLottery offerings through a public procurement process, there can be no assurance that NPI will procure any new contracts. Our failure to win new contracts could materially limit the growth of our business.

We incur significant costs related to the procurement of new contracts, which we may be unable to recover in a timely manner, or at all.

The tender process to obtain a new contract is highly competitive and typically requires a significant upfront capital investment. The efforts and resources required to participate and win a request for proposal, commence operations of an iLottery program and procure revenues from that program is relatively long and may take several months or years to complete. This investment, which includes our management’s time, may never be recovered in the event that we fail in our bid. A typical request for proposals or a tender requires us to spend substantial time and effort assisting potential customers in evaluating our products and services, including providing demonstrations and benchmarking against other available offerings by our competitors. This process can be costly and time consuming, and we often do not know if any given sales efforts will be successful until the latter stages of those efforts. After being awarded a contract, it can take years to set up the iLottery system and for the contract to become profitable. The long procurement cycle creates a significant time gap between the time we participate in a tender and dedicate the necessary resources, and the time we can recognize revenue or income from that program, if at all. This time gap creates pressure on our cash flow, as it requires significant funding up front, and in the interim period, and may not result in any income, or result in income that will only be achieved quarters after the resources have been dedicated. If we are unable to forecast market demand and conditions, we may not be able to expand our sales efforts at appropriate times and our revenues and related results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

3


Intense competition exists in the iLottery industry, and we expect competition to continue to intensify.

We face significant competition in the evolving iLottery industry. We compete in the iLottery market with respect to our offering of technology solutions, games and related operational services on the basis of the content, features, quality, functionality, accuracy, reliability, innovation and price of such offerings. If we do not consistently deliver innovative, high-quality and reliable products and services, our ability to remain viable within the iLottery industry may suffer, especially as the level of competition increases.

Some of our competitors and potential competitors have substantially greater financial and other resources (including human resources) or experience than we do. Some of our competitors also have existing relationships and insight as the legacy retail lottery provider of certain U.S. states and may realize synergies that we cannot. Competitors may devote more resources towards developing and testing products and services, undertake more extensive marketing campaigns, offer more favorable pricing terms, pursue aggressive growth initiatives or otherwise develop more commercially successful products or services. In addition, certain of our competitors may enter into contracts with less favorable terms to prevent us from procuring new contracts or renewing our existing contracts. Such potential competitive disadvantages may make it difficult for us to retain existing contracts or secure new contracts without being willing to accept significantly less favorable terms.

In addition to risks directly tied to our relative lack of resources, experience and longevity, we face risks that:


we may fail to anticipate and adapt to changes in customer expectations at the same rate as our competitors;
 

customers who currently utilize platforms offered by our competitors may be satisfied with such solutions or may determine that it is too costly and/or time consuming to adopt our platform and solutions. Lotteries may face significant switching costs if their platforms have been integrated with those of a competitor, potentially reducing the likelihood of us being the successful tenderer;
 

lotteries that we currently view as potential customers may decide to develop internally products and services which compete with our products and services; and


new competitors, including large global corporations or large software vendors operating in adjacent industries, may enter our market.

Moreover, current and future competitors may establish cooperative relationships among themselves or with others, including our current or future strategic partners. By doing so, these competitors may increase their ability to meet the needs of our existing and prospective customers and their players. These developments could make it more difficult for us to renew our existing contracts or win new contracts. If we are unable to compete effectively, successfully and at reasonable cost against our existing and future competitors, our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition could be adversely impacted.

Our information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers or breached due to employee error, malfeasance or other disruptions.

The secure maintenance and transmission of player information is a critical element of our operations. Our information technology and other systems that maintain and transmit player information, or those of service providers, business partners or employee information may be compromised by a malicious third-party penetration of our network security, or that of a third-party service provider or business partner, or impacted by intentional or unintentional actions or inactions by our employees, or those of a third-party service provider or business partner. As a result, our players’ information may be lost, disclosed, accessed or taken without their consent. We have experienced in the past, and expect to continue to experience in the future, attempts to breach our systems and other similar incidents. To date these attempts have not had a material impact on our operations or financial results, but we cannot provide assurance that they will not have a material impact in the future.

4


We rely on encryption and authentication technology licensed from third parties in an effort to securely transmit confidential and sensitive information, including credit card numbers. Advances in computer capabilities, new technological discoveries or other developments may result in the whole or partial failure of this technology to protect transaction data or other confidential and sensitive information from being breached or compromised. In addition, websites are often attacked through compromised credentials, including those obtained through phishing and credential stuffing. Our security measures, and those of our third-party service providers, may not detect or prevent all attempts to breach our systems, denial-of-service attacks, viruses, malicious software, break-ins, phishing attacks, social engineering, security breaches or other attacks and similar disruptions that may jeopardize the security of information stored in or transmitted by our websites, networks and systems or that we or such third parties otherwise maintain, including payment card systems, which may subject us to fines or higher transaction fees or limit or terminate our access to certain payment methods. Threats to information security are constantly evolving, including in diversity and sophistication. We and such third parties may not anticipate or prevent all types of attacks until after they have already been launched. Further, techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to or sabotage systems change frequently and may not be known until launched against us or our third-party service providers.

In addition, security breaches can also occur as a result of non-technical issues, including intentional or inadvertent breaches by our employees or by third parties. These risks may increase over time as the number of our employees and the complexity and number of technical systems and applications we use also increase. Breaches of our security measures or those of our third-party service providers or cybersecurity incidents could result in unauthorized access to our sites, networks and systems; unauthorized access to and misappropriation of player information, including players’ personally identifiable information, or other confidential or proprietary information of ourselves or third parties; viruses, worms, spyware or other malware being served from our sites, networks or systems; deletion or modification of content or the display of unauthorized content on our sites; interruption, disruption or malfunction of operations; costs relating to breach remediation, deployment of additional personnel and protection technologies, response to governmental investigations and media inquiries and coverage; engagement of third-party experts and consultants; litigation, regulatory action and other potential liabilities. In the past, we have experienced social engineering, phishing, malware and similar attacks and threats of denial-of-service attacks, none of which to date has been material to our business; however, such attacks could in the future have a material adverse effect on our operations. Pursuant to a software license agreement with Pollard in respect of the offering to the MSL (the “Pollard Software License Agreement”), our iLottery software is installed on Pollard’s servers, through which it is made available to the MSL. Pollard is responsible for the security measures on its servers, and the Pollard Software License Agreement contains no representations or undertakings with regard to such security measures. A breach of Pollard’s server security could expose our software to the risks noted above. If any of these breaches of security should occur, our reputation and brand could be damaged, customers may terminate their contracts with us, our business may suffer, we could be required to expend significant capital and other resources to alleviate problems caused by such breaches, and we could be exposed to a risk of loss, litigation or regulatory action and possible liability. We cannot guarantee that recovery protocols and backup systems will be sufficient to prevent data loss. Actual or anticipated attacks may cause us to incur increasing costs, including costs to deploy additional personnel and protection technologies, train employees and engage third-party experts and consultants.

In addition, any party who is able to illicitly obtain a player’s password may be able access such player’s transaction data or personal data (including payment information), resulting in the perception that our systems are insecure. Any compromise or breach of our security measures, or those of our third-party service providers, could violate applicable privacy, data protection, data security, network and information systems security and other laws, potentially trigger private rights of action under certain laws and cause significant legal and financial exposure, negative publicity and a loss of confidence in our security measures, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. We continue to devote significant resources to protect against security breaches and we may in the future need to address problems caused by breaches, including notifying affected players and responding to any resulting litigation, which in turn, would divert resources from the growth and expansion of our business.

We maintain liability insurance policies covering certain security and privacy damages. However, we cannot be certain that our coverage will be adequate for liabilities actually incurred or that insurance will continue to be available to us on economically reasonable terms, or at all.

In addition to competition with other iLottery providers, we and our customers also compete with providers of other online offerings.

In addition to competition from iLottery providers, we also face competition from providers of other online offerings, including iGaming, sports betting, mobile games and eSports. While we believe that our customers’ iLottery offerings target different players and provide a differentiated experience than these other online offerings, the introduction of such offerings may allow new competitors to establish a foothold in regions where we currently provide the iLottery offering. For example, on January 22, 2021, iGaming and online sports betting was launched in Michigan. The Michigan iLottery accounted for approximately 54.5% of our revenues in the year ended December 31, 2020 and approximately 40.2% of our revenues in the year ended December 31, 2019, and the introduction of other online gaming offerings, which is typically accompanied by significant marketing efforts to attract players, may adversely affect the revenue of the Michigan iLottery program, which would have an adverse effect on our results of operations.

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We operate in an industry that is affected by technological improvements and evolving player preferences.

The iLottery industry continues to experience rapid development of technological advances and player preferences. In some instances, advancements in technology trigger a change in player preferences. For example, as digital graphics improve, players may demand games with higher definition and a superior user interface. Our success depends on our ability to accurately anticipate and quickly respond to evolving industry standards and player preferences. We cannot assure you that we will be able to respond to such changes with innovative, high-quality, reliable and popular products and services or make the required adjustments to our existing products and services on a timely basis. In addition, the introduction of new products or updated versions of existing products has inherent risks, including, but not limited to:


the timing with which we may realize the benefits of the commonly-required significant, upfront capital investments;


the accuracy of our estimates of player preferences, and the fit of the new products and features to such preferences;


the ability to adequately maintain our main technology systems, such as the NeoDraw platform;


the quality of our products and services, including the possibility of software defects, which could result in claims against us or the inability to sell our products and services;


the need to educate our sales, marketing and services personnel to work with the enhanced or new products and features, which may strain our resources and lengthen sales cycles;


market acceptance of new product releases; and


competitor product introductions or regulatory changes that render our products obsolete.

In light of the costs required to create and introduce new or enhanced products and services, if our new or enhanced products fail to achieve commercial success, we will struggle to remain commercially viable, especially in the face of heightened competition.

We have incurred operating losses in the past, may incur operating losses in the future and may never maintain sustainable profit margins.

We generated a net profit of $6.5 million in the year ended December 31, 2020. It was the first reporting period that the Company generated a net profit since incorporation. We expect to continue the development and expansion of our business, and we anticipate additional costs in connection with legal, accounting and other administrative expenses related to operating as a public company. While our revenue has grown in recent years, if our revenue declines or fails to grow at a rate sufficient to offset increases in our operating expenses, we may generate losses. We cannot ensure that we will successfully manage to sustain profitability in the future.

Certain of our directors and shareholders may experience a conflict of interest between their duties to us and to Aspire.

We were established as an independent company in 2014, following a spin-off from Aspire (as defined in Item 4.B. below). Prior to our spin-off from Aspire, our management team was responsible for the iLottery business of Aspire. Barak Matalon and Aharon Aran, members of our board of directors, are also members of Aspire’s board of directors. Further, Barak Matalon, Elyahu Azur, Pinhas Zahavi and Aharon Aran (collectively, the “Founding Shareholders”), who collectively own a majority of the shares of Aspire, may control the outcome of matters submitted to our shareholders for approval. Such directors and majority shareholders could experience a conflict of interest between their duties to us and Aspire in the future, which may have an adverse effect on our business and prospects.


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For example, the Aspire Software License Agreement (as defined in Item 7.B. below) does not prevent NeoGames from using the Mixed-Use Software (as defined in Item 7.B. below) to design, develop and implement games content, so long as it is not sold through certain platform providers or white label companies which are competitors of Aspire, and provided that we do not design, develop and implement casino and slot content to games aggregators. See Item 7.B. “Related Party Transactions - Relationship with Aspire - Aspire Software License Agreement.” Accordingly, both we and Aspire could compete in future engagements for provision of games content or for a contract with a white label provider. Furthermore, the Aspire Software License Agreement does not prevent either NeoGames or Aspire from using the Mixed-Use Software for (i) B2B customers in the iGaming and sports betting business in the United States, (ii) B2G customers in the iLottery business anywhere outside the United States, and (iii) offering games content to customers worldwide except for B2G customers in the United States and for customers who are providers of iLottery content which are NeoGames competitors. Accordingly, both we and Aspire could compete for the same B2B iGaming and sports betting customers in the United States or B2G iLottery customers outside the United States. In the event that such circumstances arise, the shared directors or shareholders may decide to prevent NeoGames from pursuing such opportunities in favor of Aspire.

Our Founding Shareholders have significant influence over the nominations and elections of members of our board of directors.

Our Founding Shareholders have the exclusive right under our amended and restated articles of association (“articles of association”) to nominate up to 50% of our directors so long as they own in the aggregate at least 40.0% of our issued and outstanding share capital. In addition, the Founding Shareholders own, in the aggregate, approximately 51.1% of our issued and outstanding shares, and have entered into a voting agreement providing that the Founding Shareholders shall vote as one group with regard to any matter relating to the nomination, election, appointment or removal of directors. As a result, the Founding Shareholders control the outcomes of matters submitted to the shareholders for approval, including the nomination, election, appointment and removal of the members of our board of directors. The Founding Shareholders are entitled to vote their shares according to their own interests, and such interests may be different than the interests of our other shareholders and may delay, deter or prevent a change in control or other business combination that might otherwise be beneficial to our shareholders. See Item 7.B. “Related Party Transactions - Voting Agreement,” and Item 6.B. “Board Practices - Board Composition.”

We have engaged in transactions with related parties, and such transactions present possible conflicts of interest that could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

We provide a sub-license to the NeoSphere platform to William Hill Organization Limited (“William Hill”) and certain software services to Aspire. The revenues received from William Hill and Aspire amounted to approximately 18.6% of our revenues in the year ended December 31, 2020 and approximately 29.5% of our revenues in the year ended December 31, 2019. We may have achieved more favorable terms if such transactions had not been entered into with related parties.

We have also entered into certain intellectual property licenses and cost-sharing arrangements with Aspire. Transactions with our significant shareholders or entities in which our significant shareholders hold ownership interests present potential for conflicts of interest, as the interests of these parties and their stockholders may not align with the interests of our shareholders.

Our existing and future contractual arrangements could restrict our ability to compete effectively, which may affect our ability to grow our business and enter into new markets.

From time to time, we enter into contractual agreements that contain restrictive covenants (such as non-compete, exclusivity and license agreements) that restrict us from entering into new markets to which we may desire to expand our businesses. Our contractual arrangements with Pollard, Aspire and William Hill contain certain provisions that may restrict our ability to grow our business, enter into new markets and compete effectively.

Pursuant to the Michigan JV Agreement, until its expiration, we are restricted from exploring any opportunities for further marketing, distribution and exploitation of our internet lottery, scratch cards, instant win games and slots and other online games to other national and state lotteries in the United States and Canada without Pollard. Both the Company and Pollard have the exclusive and pre-emptive right to exploit any and all such additional opportunities that may be conceived, and the participation of NPI in any such additional opportunity is subject to mutual approval of the Company and Pollard. Accordingly, as long as the Michigan JV Agreement remains in effect, the Company is unable to independently pursue any such opportunities, enter into agreements with additional lotteries in the United States and Canada or enter into new partnerships in the United States and Canada. This may negatively impact the future growth of our business or cause our business, financial conditions and results of operations to be harmed.

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Additionally, pursuant to the Aspire Software License Agreement, Aspire granted NeoGames a license to use Mixed-Use Software for certain purposes. However, the Aspire Software License Agreement, restricts NeoGames from using the Mixed-Use Software to (i) design, develop or implement casino and slot games for games aggregators and (ii) design, develop and implement games content for customers who are platform providers or white-label companies which are competitors of Aspire. See Item 7.B. “Related Party Transactions - Relationship with Aspire - Aspire Software License Agreement.” While we have only focused on the iLottery business to date, these restrictions may limit our ability to enter into the market of casino, slot games and sports betting in the future and may affect our ability to expand our customer base.

Further, pursuant to a binding term sheet entered into in 2018 (the “WH Term Sheet”) with WHG (International) Ltd. (“WHG”), an affiliate of William Hill, we are prohibited from using the NeoSphere platform to compete with WHG in the B2C sports betting industry in the United States. While this has not impeded our ability to grow our business to date, it may limit our ability to expand into the B2C sports betting market in the future.

To the extent that such restrictive contractual provisions prevent us from taking advantage of business opportunities, our business, financial position and cash flows may be adversely affected.

While we have not experienced a material impact to date, the ongoing COVID-19 and similar health epidemics and contagious disease outbreaks could significantly disrupt our operations and adversely affect our business, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”) was identified, and on March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 as a global pandemic. Numerous state and local jurisdictions have imposed, and others in the future may impose, “shelter-in-place” orders, quarantines, executive orders and similar government orders and restrictions for their residents to control the spread of COVID-19. In particular, the governments in jurisdictions where our employees are located have imposed limitations on gatherings, social distancing measures and restrictions on movement, only allowing essential businesses to remain open. Such restrictions have resulted in temporary store closures, work stoppages, slowdowns and delays, travel restrictions and cancellation of events, among other restrictions, any of which may negatively impact workforces, customers, consumer sentiment and economies in many markets and, along with decreased consumer spending, have led to an economic downturn throughout much of the world.

Our business is largely tied to the disposable income of lottery players. While we have not experienced a material impact to date, the global economic and financial uncertainty may result in significant declines to the number of players using our customers’ offerings and the amount of money that players are able and willing to wager. See “- A reduction in discretionary consumer spending could have an adverse impact on our business.”

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we have transitioned many of our employees to remote working arrangements and temporarily closed our offices in Israel, Ukraine and Michigan. While we have not experienced a material impact to date, it is possible that this could have a negative impact on the execution of our business plans and operations. If a natural disaster, power outage, connectivity issue, or other event occurred that impacted our employees’ ability to work remotely, it may be difficult or, in certain cases, impossible, for us to continue our business for a substantial period of time. The increase in remote working may also result in player privacy, IT security and fraud concerns as well as increase our exposure to potential wage and hour issues.

The degree to which the COVID-19 pandemic affects our financial results and operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including, but not limited to, the duration and spread of the outbreak, its severity, the governmental actions and regulations imposed to contain the virus or treat its impact, how quickly and to what extent pre-pandemic economic and operating conditions can resume and overall changes in players’ behavior.

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Our limited operating history makes it difficult to evaluate our current business and future prospects.

The market for our offerings is relatively new and evolving, and we have a limited operating history under the majority of our customer agreements. As a result, our business and future prospects are difficult to evaluate and our ability to accurately forecast our future results of operations is limited and subject to a number of uncertainties.

We entered into our first customer agreement in 2014, and a majority of our customer agreements are in their initial terms. In 2018 and 2019, we began providing turnkey solutions to the NHL and NCEL, respectively and in December 2020, the MSL Agreement was extended for an additional period of four years through July 2026. Furthermore, during 2020 we have transitioned the VAL solution into a full iLottery program, launched a new turnkey solution with the province of Alberta in Canada and in February 2021 we have launched Instant games with the Austrian Lotteries (Österreichische Lotterien). Our limited operating history under certain of these arrangements makes it difficult to accurately assess our future prospects and increase the risk associated with your investment. Any future changes to our revenue model could materially and adversely affect our business.

Our historical revenue growth should not be considered indicative of our future performance. In future periods, our revenue growth could slow and our revenues could decline for a number of reasons, including declining player demand, increasing competition, decreasing growth of the iLottery market or our failure to continue entering into new arrangements. We will continue to encounter risks and uncertainties frequently experienced by growing companies in rapidly changing industries. If our assumptions regarding these risks, uncertainties or future revenue growth are incorrect, or if we do not address these risks successfully, our operating and financial results could differ materially from our expectations and our business could suffer.

We are subject to substantial penalties for failure to perform.

Our lottery contracts in the United States and in other jurisdictions and other service contracts often require performance bonds or letters of credit to secure our performance under such contracts and require us to pay substantial monetary liquidated damages in the event of non-performance by us.

As of December 31, 2020, we had outstanding performance bonds and letters of credit in an aggregate amount of approximately $3.8 million. These instruments present a potential expense for us and divert financial resources from other uses. Claims on performance bonds, drawings on letters of credit, and payment of liquidated damages could individually or in the aggregate have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, business, financial condition or prospects.

We rely on information technology and other systems and platforms, and any failures, errors, defects or disruptions in our systems or platforms could diminish our brand and reputation, subject us to liability, disrupt our business, affect our ability to scale our technical infrastructure and adversely affect our business.

Our technology infrastructure is critical to the performance of our platform and offerings and to customer and player satisfaction. We devote significant resources to network and data security to protect our systems and data. However, our systems and the systems of any third-party service providers on which we rely may not be adequately designed with the necessary reliability and redundancy to avoid performance delays or outages that could be harmful to our business. We cannot assure you that the measures we take to prevent or hinder cyber-attacks and protect our systems, data and player information and to prevent outages, data or information loss, fraud and to prevent or detect security breaches, including a disaster recovery strategy for server and equipment failure and back-office systems and the use of third parties for certain cybersecurity services, will provide absolute security. We have experienced, and we may in the future experience, website disruptions, outages and other performance problems due to a variety of factors, including infrastructure changes, human or software errors and capacity constraints. Such disruptions have not had a material impact on us; however, future disruptions from unauthorized access to, fraudulent manipulation of, or tampering with our computer systems and technological infrastructure, or those of third parties, could result in a wide range of negative outcomes, each of which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Additionally, our software may contain errors, bugs, flaws or corrupted data. If a particular product offering is unavailable when players attempt to access it or navigation through our platforms is slower than they expect, players may be less likely to return to our customers’ platforms as often, if at all. Furthermore, programming errors, defects and data corruption could disrupt our operations, adversely affect the experience of players, harm our reputation and cause players to stop utilizing our customers’ offerings.

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Our current systems may be unable to support a significant increase in online traffic or increased player numbers, especially during peak times or events (such as for significant jackpot runs). If there is a system disruption, customers may be able to make a contractual claim for damages against us.

We may at any time be required to expend significant capital or other resources, including staff and management time, to reduce the risk of network or IT failure or disruption, including replacing or upgrading existing business continuity systems, procedures and security measures. If such protective measures are implemented unsuccessfully or inefficiently, the quality of our products and services may be materially and adversely affected.

We rely on third-party service providers for key functions in our operations.

We rely upon various third-party service providers to maintain continuous operation of our platform, servers, hosting services, payment processing and various other key functions of our business. Know-your-customer and geolocation programs and technologies supplied by third parties are an important aspect of certain of our products and services. These services are costly and their failure or inadequacy could materially affect our operations.

Additionally, we rely on third-party service providers for payment processing services, including the processing of credit and debit cards. Our business could be materially disrupted if these third-party service providers become unwilling or unable to provide these services to us.

Certain of these services discussed above are only provided by a limited number of third-party providers and in the event that any of these providers cease to provide us with their services (due to the termination of their agreement, a dispute between us and any such providers or for any other reason), we may struggle to locate a suitable replacement on commercially reasonable terms, if at all, which could lead to harmful disruptions to our operations.

If we fail to protect or enforce our intellectual property rights, our business could be materially affected.

We rely on a combination of trademark, copyright, trade secret, and domain-name-protection laws as well as contractual restrictions to protect our technology and intellectual property rights. While it is our policy to protect and defend our rights to our intellectual property, we cannot predict whether steps taken by us to protect our intellectual property will be adequate to prevent infringement, misappropriation, dilution or other violation of our intellectual property rights. Effective intellectual property protection may not be available in every country in which we operate or intend to operate our business. Third parties may infringe our proprietary rights (knowingly or unknowingly) and challenge proprietary rights held by us, and any potential future trademark and patent applications may not be approved. In any of these cases, we may be required to expend significant time and expense to prevent infringement or to enforce our rights. We also cannot guarantee that others will not independently develop technology with the same or similar functions to any proprietary technology we rely on to conduct our business and differentiate ourselves from our competitors. Unauthorized parties may also attempt to copy or obtain and use our technology to develop offerings with the same functionality as our solutions, and policing unauthorized use of our technology and intellectual property rights is difficult and may not be effective. Any unauthorized use of our brand, technology or intellectual property could result in revenue loss as well as have an adverse impact on our reputation. We may be required to incur significant expenses in registering, monitoring and protecting our intellectual property rights. Any litigation could result in significant expense to us, including the diversion of management time and may not ultimately be resolved in our favor. Changes in the law or adverse court rulings may also negatively affect our ability to prevent others from using our technology.

We attempt to protect our intellectual property, technology and confidential information by requiring certain of our employees and consultants to enter into confidentiality and assignment of inventions agreements and certain third parties to enter into nondisclosure agreements. These agreements may not effectively grant all necessary rights to any inventions or works that may have been developed or created by the employees or consultants party thereto. In addition, these agreements may not effectively prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of our confidential information, intellectual property or technology and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure of our confidential information, intellectual property, or technology.

We currently hold rights to the neogames.com internet domain name and various other related domain names. The regulation of domain names is subject to change. Regulatory bodies could establish additional top-level domains, appoint additional domain name registrars, or modify the requirements for holding domain names. In addition, third parties may already have registered, or may register in the future, domain names similar or identical to our registered and unregistered trademarks. As a result, we may not be able to acquire or maintain all domain names that use the name neogames or are otherwise important for our business.

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We also have certain registered and unregistered trademarks that are important to our business, such as the NEOGAMES trademark. If we fail to adequately protect or enforce our rights under this trademark, we may lose the ability to use this trademark or to prevent others from using it, which could adversely harm our reputation, business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our software, games and marketing materials are protected in these works with copyright law, and some also benefit from trade secret protection. We have chosen not to register any copyrights under the Library of Congress. In order to bring a copyright infringement lawsuit in the United States, the copyright must be registered. Accordingly, the remedies and damages available to us for unauthorized use of our software, games and materials may be limited.

We rely on third-party intellectual property. We cannot guarantee that such intellectual property will continue to be available.

We rely on third-party technologies, trademarks and other intellectual property. There can be no assurance that these licenses, or support for such licensed products and technology, will continue to be available to us on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. In addition, the future success of our business may depend, in part, on our ability to obtain or expand licenses for lottery or gaming technologies we do not currently possess. In the event that we cannot retain, renew or expand existing licenses, we may be required to modify, limit or discontinue certain of our products or services, which could materially affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, the regulatory review process and licensing requirements of our government customers may preclude us from using technologies owned or developed by third parties if those parties are unwilling to subject themselves to regulatory review or do not meet regulatory requirements.

While we own most of the software in our platform, we license certain core legacy software from Aspire, as further described in Item 7.B. “Related Party Transactions.” The Aspire Software License Agreement does not prohibit Aspire from depositing the source code of the software licensed to us with an escrow agent. While Aspire has not yet done this, if Aspire were to do so and a release event were to occur, Aspire’s third-party designees would gain rights and access to source code that is material to our business which could materially and adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. The Aspire Software License Agreement also allows both Aspire and the Company to develop modifications to the Mixed-Use Software, and any modifications developed by the Company or Aspire are owned by the developing party and licensed to the other party for certain purposes. This results in a risk to the confidentiality and exclusivity of any modifications and improvements we may create to such software.

As part of our effort to migrate off of using any Mixed-Use Software in our product and service offerings, we are currently adopting a “microservice” approach pursuant to which we have different software modules for each product and service. We may encounter technological challenges that render such transition impossible, or may determine that such transition is too costly or time intensive to complete. The result might be that we need to continue to rely on the Mixed-Use Software. Although our license from Aspire for the Mixed-Use Software is exclusive, perpetual and irrevocable, Aspire could argue that certain uses we are making of the Mixed-Use Software are outside of the scope of the license. In addition, if our license from Aspire were found to be invalid or not perpetual for any reason, this could materially and adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

The gaming industry is historically litigious with respect to intellectual property and there can be no assurance that our platforms will not infringe on the rights of others.

There is a risk that our operations, platforms and services may infringe, or be alleged to infringe, the intellectual property rights of third parties. We may incur substantial expenses in defending against third-party infringement claims, regardless of their merit. Additionally, due to diversion of management time, expenses required to defend against any claim and the potential liability associated with any lawsuit, any litigation could significantly harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. If we were found to have infringed the intellectual property rights of a third party, we could be liable for license fees, royalty payments, lost profits or other damages, and may be subject to injunctive relief to prevent us from using such intellectual property rights in the future. Such liability (if significant) or injunctive relief could materially and adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

We are exposed to costs associated with changes in levies and taxes.

We must comply with tax laws in the jurisdictions in which we operate. Tax rules or their interpretation may change in the markets in which we operate and in any markets we may enter in the future. Any changes to the corporate tax rate application in different jurisdictions, withholding taxes, transfer pricing rules, levels of value added tax, industry specific taxes and other levies, royalties and imposts could materially and adversely affect our financial position, performance and prospects. For example, there is a risk that we will not be able to pass on to our customers any additional gaming levies or taxes that apply to us. In addition, certain of our positions regarding the taxes that apply to us in the different jurisdictions in which we operate may not be accepted by the tax authorities in such jurisdictions, which could adversely affect our financial condition.

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Our platform contains third-party open source software components, which may pose particular risks to our proprietary software, technologies, products and services in a manner that could negatively affect our business.

Our platform contains software modules licensed to us by third-party authors under “open source” licenses and we expect to use open source software in the future. Use and distribution of open source software may entail greater risks than use of third-party commercial software, as open source licensors generally do not provide support, warranties, indemnification or other contractual protections regarding infringement claims or the quality of the code. To the extent that our platform depends upon the successful operation of open source software, any undetected errors or defects in this open source software could prevent the deployment or impair the functionality of our platform, delay new introduction of new solutions, result in a failure of our platform and injure our reputation. For example, undetected errors or defects in open source software could render it vulnerable to breaches or security attacks, and, subsequently, make our systems more vulnerable to data breaches. In addition, the public availability of such software may make it easier for others to compromise our platform.

Some open source licenses require that source code for modifications or derivative works we created based on such open source software be made publicly available as open source software. If we combine our proprietary software with open source software in a certain manner, we could, under certain open source licenses, be required to release the source code of our proprietary software to the public. This would allow our competitors to create similar offerings with less investment of development effort and time and ultimately could result in a loss of our competitive advantages. Alternatively, to avoid the public release of the affected portions of our source code, we could be required to expend substantial time and resources to re-engineer some or all of our software.

Although we monitor our use of open source software to avoid subjecting our platform to conditions we do not intend, the terms of many open source licenses have not been interpreted by United States or foreign courts, and there is a risk that these licenses could be construed in a way that could impose unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to provide or distribute our platform. From time to time, there have been claims challenging the ownership of open source software against companies that incorporate open source software into their solutions. As a result, we could be subject to lawsuits by parties claiming ownership of what we believe to be open source software. Moreover, we cannot assure you that our processes for controlling our use of open source software in our platform will be effective. If we are held to have breached or failed to fully comply with all the terms and conditions of an open source software license, we could face infringement or other liability, or be required to seek costly licenses from third parties, to continue providing our offerings on terms that are not economically feasible, to re-engineer our platform, to discontinue or delay the provision of our offerings if re-engineering could not be accomplished on a timely basis or to make generally available, in source code form, our proprietary code, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are highly dependent on our key personnel. If we are not successful in attracting, motivating and retaining highly qualified personnel, we may not be able to successfully implement our business strategy.

We rely on the expertise, industry experience, customer relationships and leadership of our senior management, and the departure, death or disability of any one of our executive officers or other extended or permanent loss of any of their services, or any negative market or industry perception with respect to any of them or their loss, could have a material adverse effect on our business.

We depend on our technical and operational employees for the design and development of our innovative products and services. The competition for these types of personnel is intense and we compete with other potential employers, including certain of our strategic partners, for the services of our employees. As a result, we may not succeed in retaining the key employees that we need in order to maintain and grow our business.

If we do not succeed in attracting, hiring, and integrating qualified personnel, or retaining and motivating existing personnel, we may be unable to grow effectively and our business could be adversely affected. We deploy our employees to certain of our customers’ worksites to assist in the development of their IT systems and platforms. The loss of employees who have been involved in the development of intellectual property and know-how and the development and maintenance of key strategic relationships with customers may result in the subsequent loss of key customers. If key employees were to leave, we may be unable to deliver our existing services or develop new products until such employees have been replaced. As our employees have very specific skillsets and are highly qualified, we may face difficulties in replacing them with new employees, and even if we succeed in recruiting new employees, we may incur substantial costs in the recruiting, training and integration of such new employees.

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We may require additional capital to support our growth plans, and such capital may not be available on terms acceptable to us, if at all. This could hamper our growth and adversely affect our business.

Our business generally requires significant upfront capital expenditures for software customization and implementation and systems and equipment installation and configuration. In connection with a renewal of or bid for a lottery or gaming contract, a customer may seek to impose new service requirements, which may require additional capital expenditures in order to retain or win the contract, as applicable.

To the extent that we do not have sufficient liquidity levels to fund such capital expenditures, our ability to procure new contracts and renew existing contracts would depend on, among other things, our ability to obtain additional financing on commercially reasonable terms. Our ability to obtain additional capital, if and when required, will depend on, among other factors, our business plans, investor demand and the capital markets.

We have historically funded our operations with, among other things, borrowings under the WH Credit Facility (as defined in Item 7.B. “Related Party Transactions”). On October 20, 2020, we entered into a loan agreement with William Hill Finance Limited, an affiliate of William Hill, which sets out amended terms and an amended repayment schedule with respect to our outstanding loans under the WH Credit Facility and prohibits us from making any additional draws under the WH Credit Facility. See Item 7.B. “Related Party Transactions - Relationship with William Hill - WH Credit Facility.”

We completed our public listing on November 23, 2020 raising a total net amount of $43 million and our total cash balance as of December 31, 2020 was approximately $59.8 million.

Any financing through the sale of equity securities may dilute the value of our outstanding Ordinary Shares. Any debt financing may require us to comply with various financial covenants and may restrict our activities. We also can provide no assurance that the funds we raise will be sufficient to finance any future capital requirements. If we are unable to obtain additional capital when required on satisfactory terms, our ability to continue to grow our business could be adversely affected.

Our management team does not have experience managing a public company.

Most members of our management team do not have experience managing a publicly traded company, interacting with public company investors and complying with the increasingly complex laws pertaining to public companies listed in the United States. Our management team may not successfully or efficiently manage our transition to being a public company subject to significant regulatory oversight and reporting obligations under the U.S. federal securities laws and the continuous scrutiny of securities analysts and investors. These new obligations and constituents will require significant attention from our senior management and could divert their attention away from the day-to-day management of our business, which could adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

We may become subject to litigation, from which we could incur significant monetary and reputational harm, irrespective of the merit of such claim or outcome of such litigation.

There is a risk that we may become subject to litigation and other claims and disputes in the ordinary course of business, including contractual disputes and indemnity claims, misleading and deceptive conduct claims, employment-related claims, and intellectual property disputes and claims, including those based on allegations of infringement, misappropriations or other violations of intellectual property rights. We may incur significant expense defending or settling such litigation.

Any litigation to which we are a party may result in an onerous or unfavorable judgment that may not be reversed upon appeal, or in payments of substantial monetary damages or fines, the posting of bonds requiring significant collateral, letters of credit or similar instruments, or we may decide to settle lawsuits on similarly unfavorable terms. These proceedings could also result in reputational harm, criminal sanctions, consent decrees or orders preventing us from offering certain products or requiring a change in our business practices in costly ways or requiring development of non-infringing or otherwise altered products or technologies. Litigation and other claims and regulatory proceedings against us could result in unexpected disciplinary actions, expenses and liabilities, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

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Our results of operations may be adversely affected by fluctuations in currency values.

The Company’s consolidated financial results are affected by foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. Foreign currency exchange rate exposures arise from current transactions and anticipated transactions denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars and from the translation of foreign currency denominated balance sheet accounts into U.S. dollar-denominated balance sheet accounts. The Company is exposed to currency exchange rate fluctuations because portions of its expenses are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar.

Approximately 84.9% of the Company’s revenues in the year ended December 31, 2020 were denominated in U.S. dollars, 4.7% in euros and 10.4% in other currencies. However, 12.8% of the Company’s liabilities were denominated in New Israeli Shekels. For example, almost all of the Company’s current employees are domiciled in Israel and paid in New Israeli Shekels. In 2020, the U.S. dollar / New Israeli Shekel exchange rate decreased from NIS 3.456 per $1 on December 31, 2019, to NIS 3.215 per $1 on December 31, 2020. This decrease adversely affected our costs and liabilities that are denominated in Shekels compared to our dollar-denominated income. Any further devaluation of the U.S. dollar compared to the New Israeli Shekel may result in further increases in employee liabilities and other expenses, which may adversely affect the Company’s profit and financial performance. Exchange rate fluctuations have in the past adversely affected the Company’s operating results and cash flows and may adversely affect the Company’s results of operations and cash flows and the value of its assets outside the United States in the future. A devaluation of local currency in a jurisdiction in which the Company is paid in such currency may require the Company’s customers located in such jurisdiction to adjust the amounts paid in local currency for the Company’s products and services, which they may be unable or unwilling to make. We do not currently employ any foreign exchange hedging, although we may do so in the future.

Expansion into new markets may be important to the growth of our business in the future, and if we do not manage the business and economic risks of this expansion effectively, it could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

We expect to continue to expand our operations to additional U.S. states and to expand our international operations. Any new markets or countries which we attempt to access may not be receptive. For example, we may not be able to expand further in some markets if we are not able to satisfy certain government requirements. In addition, our operations in new jurisdictions subject us to risks customarily associated with such operations, including the complexity of local laws, regulations and markets, the uncertainty of enforcement of remedies in foreign jurisdictions, the impact of local labor laws and disputes, the economic, tax and regulatory policies of local governments and the ability to attract and retain key personnel in new jurisdictions. Foreign jurisdictions could impose tariffs, quotas, trade barriers, and other similar restrictions on our international sales. In addition, our ability to expand successfully involves other risks, including difficulties in integrating operations, risks associated with entering jurisdictions in which we may have little experience and the day-to-day management of a growing and increasingly geographically diverse company.

Our investments in new jurisdictions often entail entering into joint ventures or other business relationships with locally-based entities, especially in jurisdictions in which governments prefer or are required to use locally-based entities. Our reliance on partnerships with locally-based entities can involve additional risks arising from our lack of sole decision-making authority, our reliance on a partner’s financial condition, inconsistency between our business interests or goals and those of our partners and disputes between us and our partners.

We may not realize the operating efficiencies, competitive advantages or financial results that we anticipate from our investments in new jurisdictions and our failure to effectively manage the risks associated with our operations in new jurisdictions could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, performance and prospects.

As a significant amount of our net profits and cash flows are generated outside Luxembourg, the repatriation of funds currently held in foreign jurisdictions may result in higher effective tax rates for us. In addition, there have been proposals, at international level, and in particular at the level of the OECD, to change tax laws that could significantly impact how multinational corporations, such as the Company, are taxed on foreign earnings. Although we cannot predict the certainty, timing, scope or terms of any such laws, if enacted, certain of the proposed changes, such as those seeking to limit the deferral of taxes, could have a material adverse impact on our tax expense and cash flow.

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Our insurance may not provide adequate levels of coverage against claims.

We maintain insurance that we believe is customary for businesses of our size and type. However, there are types of losses we may incur that cannot be insured against or that we believe are not economically reasonable to insure. Moreover, any loss incurred could exceed policy limits and policy payments made to us may not be made on a timely basis. Such losses could adversely affect our business prospects, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.

If we fail to detect fraud or theft, including by our employees and our customers and their players, our reputation may suffer which could harm our brand and negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations and subject us to investigations and litigation.

We may incur losses, whether directly or indirectly through our revenue share with our customers, from various types of financial fraud, including use of stolen or fraudulent credit card data, claims of unauthorized payments by our customers’ players and attempted payments by such players with insufficient funds. Bad actors use increasingly sophisticated methods to engage in illegal activities involving personal data, such as unauthorized use of another person’s identity, account information or payment information and unauthorized acquisition or use of credit or debit card details, bank account information and mobile phone numbers and accounts.

Acts of fraud may involve various tactics, including collusion. Successful exploitation of our systems could have negative effects on our product offerings, services and player experience and could harm our reputation. Failure to discover such acts or schemes in a timely manner could result in harm to our operations.

In addition, negative publicity related to such schemes could have an adverse effect on our reputation, potentially causing a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. In the event of the occurrence of any such issues with our existing platform or product offerings, substantial engineering and marketing resources and management attention, may be diverted from other projects to correct these issues, which may delay other projects and the achievement of our strategic objectives.

In addition, any misappropriation of, or access to, players’ or other proprietary information or other breach of our information security could result in legal claims or legal proceedings, including regulatory investigations and actions, or liability for failure to comply with privacy and information security laws, including for failure to protect personal data or for misusing personal data, which could disrupt our operations, force us to modify our business practices, damage our reputation and expose us to claims from our customers, their players, regulators, employees and other persons, any of which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We cannot guarantee that any measures we have taken or may take in the future to detect and reduce the occurrence of fraudulent or other malicious activity on our platform will be effective or will scale efficiently with our business. Our failure to adequately detect or prevent fraudulent transactions could harm our reputation or brand, result in litigation or regulatory action and lead to expenses that could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Should we deem it necessary or appropriate to pursue acquisitions in the future, our lack of experience in effectuating acquisitions and/or our inability to successfully complete and integrate future acquisitions could limit our future growth or otherwise be disruptive to our ongoing business.

Since our inception, we have not performed any acquisitions in support of our strategic goals, and we therefore have no experience in integration of new acquisitions. If we do decide to pursue new acquisition as part of our growth strategy, there can be no assurance that acquisition opportunities will be available on acceptable terms or at all or that we will be able to obtain necessary financing or regulatory approvals to complete potential acquisitions. Our ability to succeed in implementing our strategy will depend to some degree upon the ability of our management to identify, complete and successfully integrate commercially viable acquisitions. Acquisition transactions may disrupt our ongoing business and distract management from other responsibilities. In connection with any such acquisitions, we could face significant challenges in managing and integrating our expanded or combined operations, including acquired assets, operations, and personnel.

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We are subject to risks related to corporate social responsibility, responsible lottery and gaming, reputation and ethical conduct.

Many factors affect our reputation and the value of our brand, including the perception held by our customers, business partners, investors, other key stakeholders and the communities in which we operate, such as our social responsibility, corporate governance and responsible lottery practices. We have faced, and will likely continue to face, increased scrutiny related to social, governance and responsible lottery and gaming activities, and our reputation and the value of our brands can be materially adversely harmed if we fail to act responsibly in a number of areas, such as diversity and inclusion, workplace conduct, responsible gaming, human rights, philanthropy and support for local communities. Any harm to our reputation could impact employee engagement and retention and the willingness of customers and partners to do business with us, which could have a materially adverse effect on our business, results of operations and cash flows. We believe that our reputation is critical to our role as a leader in the iLottery and gaming industries and as a publicly traded company. Our management is heavily focused on the integrity of our directors, officers, senior management, employees, other personnel and third-party suppliers and partners. Illegal, unethical or fraudulent activities perpetrated by any of such individuals, suppliers or partners for personal gain could expose us to potential reputational damage and financial loss.

The illegal gaming market could negatively affect our business.

A significant threat to the lottery and gaming industry arises from illegal activities. Such illegal activities may drain significant betting volumes away from the regulated industry. In particular, illegal gaming could take away a portion of the present players that are the focus of our business. The loss of such players could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, business, financial condition or prospects. Further, public trust is critical to the long-term success of regulated gaming, including lottery. Illegal gaming activities could impact the reputation of our customers, which would have an adverse impact on their revenues and our revenues.

Termination of our relationship with William Hill or failure to realize the anticipated benefits of such relationship could have an adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

Pursuant to the WH Term Sheet, we granted WHG a sub-license to our NeoSphere platform to operate its U.S. iGaming business. In addition, we customize the NeoSphere platform to assist William Hill in meeting the regulatory requirements of the states in which it operates our systems. Upon a change of control of the Company, William Hill will have the right to purchase a perpetual sub-license to the NeoSphere platform and any software updates and development that we provided to WHG (the “IP Option”) for a price of £15 million. We have also agreed to provide WHG with the IP Option following the completion of a four year period from the date of the WH Term Sheet. For additional information on our relationship with William Hill, see Item 7.B. “Related Party Transactions - Relationship with William Hill.” Revenues received from William Hill in exchange for the sub-license to use the NeoSphere platform and the related services accounted for 13.6% of the Company’s revenues in the year ended December 31, 2020 and 17.0% of the Company’s revenues in the year ended December 31, 2019. In the event that WHG terminates the WH Term Sheet, we will cease to generate revenues from William Hill. Additionally, the termination of our strategic relationship with William Hill could be negatively perceived by the market and could harm our brand and reputation.

Risks Relating to Regulation of Our Business

The gaming and lottery industries are heavily regulated, and changes to the regulatory framework in the jurisdictions in which we operate could harm our existing operations.

We and our customers are subject to extensive laws and regulations, which vary across the jurisdictions in which we and they operate. The regulatory environment, including lottery and gaming laws, in any particular jurisdiction may change in the future, which may limit some or all of our or our customers’ existing operations in such jurisdiction. There can be no assurance that our and our customers’ existing operations, or the iLottery industry as a whole, in such jurisdictions will continue to be permitted. Further, even if we are still permitted to operate in a given jurisdiction, regulations may be imposed that make continued operations cost-prohibitive.

We may become subject to additional regulations in any new jurisdiction in which we decide to operate in the future. The complexity of the regulatory environment may create challenges for us with respect to our ability to comply with applicable regulations, renew contracts, pursue tender offers and otherwise develop our business.

We may not be able to capitalize on the expansion of internet use and other changes in the lottery industry as a consequence of lack of legislative approvals, changes in regulations or regulatory uncertainty. We aim to take advantage of the liberalization of internet and mobile gaming, both within the United States and internationally. These industries involve significant risks and uncertainty, including legal, business and financial risks. This dynamic environment can make it difficult to plan strategically and can provide opportunities for competitors to grow revenues at our expense. Our ability to successfully pursue interactive lottery and gaming strategies depends on the regulation of gambling through online channels. Regulations and laws relating to internet gaming are evolving and we cannot predict the timing, scope or terms of any such state, federal or foreign regulations, or the extent to which any such regulations will facilitate or hinder our interactive strategies. Any such changes to regulations or laws could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.

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Changing enforcement of the Wire Act may negatively impact our and our customers’ operations, business, financial condition or prospects.

The Wire Act of 1961 (the “Wire Act”) provides that anyone engaged in the business of betting or wagering that knowingly uses a wire communication facility for the transmission in interstate or foreign commerce of bets or wagers or information assisting in the placing of bets or wagers on any sporting event or contest, or for the transmission of a wire communication which entitles the recipient to receive money or credit as a result of bets or wagers, or for information assisting in the placing of bets or wagers, will be fined or imprisoned, or both.

In 2011, the U.S. Department of Justice (the “DoJ”) issued an opinion (the “2011 Opinion”) to the effect that the conduct prohibited by the Wire Act was limited to sports gambling. In January 2019, the DoJ published an opinion (the “2019 Opinion”) reversing that position.

As a result of the 2019 Opinion, NPI, along with the NHL and Pollard, commenced litigation in federal district court in New Hampshire challenging the 2019 Opinion. In June 2019, the U.S. District Court for the District of New Hampshire ruled that the Wire Act is only applicable to sports betting and related activities (the “NH Decision”). The NH Decision also set aside the 2019 Opinion, leaving the 2011 Opinion as the DoJ’s only stated opinion on the subject. The DoJ appealed the NH Decision in October 2019, and a hearing on the appeal took place in June 2020. In January 2021, the federal Court of Appeals for the First Circuit denied the appeal by DoJ seeking to uphold the 2019 Opinion. By denying the appeal, the Court confirmed the previous 2011 Opinion, which concluded that the Act applies only to sports betting. The case may eventually reach the U.S. Supreme Court, however this will depend on the position of the new U.S. administration on the issue.

At this stage, it is not clear whether our U.S. state lottery customers will be impacted if the Wire Act is held to extend to state lotteries. A judgment broadly interpreting the Wire Act to prohibit activities in which we, NPI and our customers are engaged, followed by a decision of the DoJ to apply that judgment to U.S. state lotteries, could result in some or all U.S. states suspending or terminating their online lotteries, or deciding not to launch an iLottery, major restructuring of operations at our expense (including relocation of components of the electronic solution or servers), financial institutions withdrawing payment platforms and/or a loss of personnel unwilling to operate under a different regulatory regime. In addition, we could be subject to investigations, criminal and civil penalties, sanctions and/or other remedial measures. In addition, we may be required to substantially change the way in which we conduct our business. Any of these results could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects.

Failure to comply with regulations may result in the revocation or suspension of our or certain of our customers’ respective licenses to operate.

Our and our customers’ respective licenses to operate are subject to suspension or revocation by applicable regulatory authorities as a result of noncompliance with applicable regulatory requirements. In the event of our noncompliance, such authorities may pursue enforcement proceedings against us or certain of our customers. We can provide no assurance as to whether such proceedings would be likely to result in a favorable outcome. Further, such proceedings, irrespective of their outcome, may cause us or our customers to incur substantial costs, require operational changes and result in reputational damage, among other negative impacts, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.

We may incur substantial costs in order to meet the varied and complex regulatory requirements to which we are subject in the different jurisdictions in which we operate.

The form and scope of regulatory requirements within the iLottery and iGaming industries vary by jurisdiction. This lack of uniformity can increase the costs and burden of compliance, as well as increase the difficulty associated with expansion into new jurisdictions.

Regulatory frameworks associated with the iLottery and iGaming industries exist across a wide spectrum, including within particular countries. We currently operate in eleven jurisdictions and plan to expand our operations into new jurisdictions. Expansion into new jurisdictions will subject us to a wider range of different, and potentially conflicting, regulatory requirements, which may cause it to incur increased costs and expend a greater degree of time in ensuring compliance. Our business and operations may be adversely affected by inaccurate predictions of the financial cost and administrative burden of compliance in connection with expansion into new jurisdictions. Further, the likelihood of noncompliance may be heightened in the event of expansion, which could result in payment of liquidated damages or termination of contracts in the event of material noncompliance.

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Negative publicity concerning the gambling industry could result in increased regulations and reputational harm.

The industries in which we operate are at times subject to negative publicity with regard to harmful gambling behavior, such as addiction, gambling by minors, risks related to digital gambling and alleged association with money laundering. Publicity regarding problem gambling and other concerns with the lottery and other gambling industries, even if not directly connected to us, could adversely impact our business, results of operations, and financial condition. For example, if the perception develops that the gaming industry is failing to address such concerns adequately, the resulting political pressure may result in the industry becoming subject to increased regulation and restrictions on operations. Such an increase in regulation could adversely impact our results of operations, business, financial condition or prospects.

We are subject to laws and regulations related to data privacy, data protection and information security and consumer protection across different markets where we conduct our business, including in the United States and the European Union (“EU”), and we are also required to comply with certain industry standards including the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard. Our actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations could harm our business.

In the United States and other jurisdictions in which we operate, we are subject to various consumer protection laws and related regulations. If we are found to have breached any consumer protection laws or regulations in any such jurisdiction, we may be subject to enforcement actions that require us to change our business practices in a manner which may negatively impact our revenues, as well as expose us to litigation, fines, civil and/or criminal penalties and adverse publicity that could cause our customers to lose trust in us, negatively impacting our reputation and business in a manner that harms our financial position.

As part of our business and on behalf of our customers, we collect information about individuals, also referred to as personal data, and other potentially sensitive and/or regulated data. Laws and regulations in the United States and around the world restrict how personal data is collected, processed, stored, used and disclosed, as well as set standards for its security, implement notice requirements regarding privacy practices, and provide individuals with certain rights regarding the use, disclosure and sale of their protected personal data.

In the United States, both the federal and various state governments have adopted or are considering, laws, guidelines or rules for the collection, distribution, use and storage of information collected from or about consumers or their devices. For example, California enacted the California Consumer Privacy Act (the “CCPA”), which came into force in 2020. The CCPA creates individual privacy rights for California residents and increases the privacy and security obligations of businesses handling personal data. The CCPA is enforceable by the California Attorney General and there is also a private right of action relating to certain data security incidents.

Additionally, the California Privacy Rights Act (the “CPRA”) which was approved on November 3, 2020 imposes additional data protection obligations on companies doing business in California, including additional consumer rights processes and opt outs for certain uses of sensitive data. Further, on March 2, 2021, Virginia enacted the Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act (“CDPA”), a comprehensive privacy statute that shares similarities with the CCPA, CPRA, and legislation proposed in other states. Similar laws have been proposed in other states and at the federal level, reflecting a trend toward more stringent privacy legislation in the United States. If we become subject to laws, guidelines or rules such as the CCPA, CRPA or CDPA, we may be required to modify our data collection or processing practices and policies and to incur substantial costs and expenses in an effort to comply and increase our potential exposure to regulatory enforcement and/or litigation.

Several foreign jurisdictions, including the EU and the European Economic Area (“EEA”), have laws and regulations which are more restrictive in certain respects than those in the United States. For example, in the EU we are subject to the General Data Protection Regulation 2016/679 (the “GDPR”) in relation to our collection, control, processing, sharing, disclosure and other use of data relating to an identifiable living individual (personal data). The GDPR, and national implementing legislation in EEA Member States, impose a strict data protection compliance regime including: providing detailed disclosures about how personal data is collected and processed (in a concise, intelligible and easily accessible form); granting new rights for data subjects in regard to their personal data (including the right to be “forgotten” and the right to data portability), as well as enhancing current rights (e.g., data subject access requests); requirements to have data processing agreements in place to govern the processing of personal data on behalf of other organizations; introducing the obligation to notify data protection regulators or supervisory authorities (and in certain cases, affected individuals) of significant data breaches; maintaining a record of data processing; and complying with the principal of accountability and the obligation to demonstrate compliance through policies, procedures, training and audit.

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We are also subject to EU rules with respect to cross-border transfers of personal data out of the EEA. Recent legal developments in Europe have created complexity and uncertainty regarding transfers of personal data from the EEA to the United States. Most recently, on July 16, 2020, the Court of Justice of the EU (the “CJEU”) invalidated the EU-US Privacy Shield Framework (the “Privacy Shield”) under which personal data could be transferred from the EEA to U.S. entities who had self-certified under the Privacy Shield scheme. While the CJEU upheld the adequacy of the standard contractual clauses (a standard form of contract approved by the European Commission as an adequate personal data transfer mechanism, and potential alternative to the Privacy Shield), it made clear that reliance on these clauses alone may not necessarily be sufficient in all circumstances. Use of the standard contractual clauses must now be assessed on a case-by-case basis, taking into account the legal regime applicable in the destination country, in particular applicable surveillance laws and rights of individuals and additional measures and/or contractual provisions may need to be put in place, however, the nature of these additional measures is currently uncertain. The CJEU went on to state that if a competent supervisory authority believes that the standard contractual clauses cannot be complied with in the destination country and the required level of protection cannot be secured by other means, such supervisory authority is under an obligation to suspend or prohibit that transfer.

We have relied and currently rely on standard contractual clauses to transfer personal data outside the EU, including to the U.S. among other data transfer mechanisms pursuant to the GDPR, such as transfer to jurisdictions recognized by the European Commission as providing sufficient safeguards for the processing of personal data (adequacy decision).

We have previously relied on our relevant providers for the purposes of transferring personal data from the EU to the U.S. in compliance with the GDPR’s data export conditions.

These recent developments may require us to review and amend the legal mechanisms by which we make and/or receive personal data transfers to/in the U.S. As supervisory authorities issue further guidance on personal data export mechanisms, including circumstances where the standard contractual clauses cannot be used, and/or start taking enforcement action, we could suffer additional costs, complaints and/or regulatory investigations or fines, and/or if we are otherwise unable to transfer personal data between and among countries and regions in which we operate, it could affect the manner in which we provide our services, the geographical location or segregation of our relevant systems and operations, and could adversely affect our financial results.

We depend on a number of third parties in relation to the operation of our business, a number of which process personal data on our behalf. With each such provider we attempt to mitigate the associated risks of using third parties by performing security assessments and detailed due diligence, entering into contractual arrangements to ensure that providers only process personal data according to our instructions, and that they have sufficient technical and organizational security measures in place. Where we transfer personal data outside the EU or the United Kingdom to such third parties, we do so in compliance with the relevant data export requirements, as described above. There is no assurance that these contractual measures and our own privacy and security-related safeguards will protect us from the risks associated with the third-party processing, storage and transmission of such information. Any violation of data or security laws by our third-party processors could have a material adverse effect on our business and result in the fines and penalties outlined below.

We also act as a data processor on behalf of our customers and have data protection obligations to our customers, including in relation to notifying customers if we suffer a personal data breach, assisting customers with data subject rights requests in relation to the personal data we process, requirements for the use of sub-processors and restrictions on transferring personal data outside of the EU.

We are subject to the supervision of local data protection authorities in those EU jurisdictions where we are established or otherwise subject to the GDPR. Fines for certain breaches of the GDPR are significant, such as an amount equal to the greater of €20 million or 4% of total global annual turnover. In addition to the foregoing, a breach of the GDPR could result in regulatory investigations, reputational damage, orders to cease/ change our processing of our data, enforcement notices, and/or assessment notices (for a compulsory audit). We may also face civil claims including representative actions and other class action type litigation (where individuals have suffered harm), potentially amounting to significant compensation or damages liabilities, as well as associated costs, diversion of internal resources, and reputational harm.

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We are also subject to evolving EU privacy laws on cookies and e-marketing. In the EU, regulators are increasingly focusing on compliance with requirements in the online behavioral advertising ecosystem, and current national laws that implement the ePrivacy Directive will be replaced by an EU regulation known as the ePrivacy Regulation which will significantly increase fines for non-compliance. In the EU, informed consent is required for the placement of a cookie or similar technologies on a user’s device and for direct electronic marketing. The GDPR also imposes conditions on obtaining valid consent, such as a prohibition on pre-checked consents and a requirement to ensure separate consents are sought for each type of cookie or similar technology. While the text of the ePrivacy Regulation is still under development, a recent European court decision and regulators’ recent guidance are driving increased attention to cookies and tracking technologies. If regulators start to enforce the strict approach in recent guidance, this could lead to substantial costs, require significant systems changes, limit the effectiveness of our marketing activities, divert the attention of our technology personnel, adversely affect our margins, increase costs and subject us to additional liabilities. Regulation of cookies and similar technologies, and any decline of cookies or similar online tracking technologies as a means to identify and potentially target individuals, may lead to broader restrictions and impairments on our marketing and personalization activities and may negatively impact our efforts to understand users.

Restrictions on the collection, use, sharing or disclosure of personal data or additional requirements and liability for security and data integrity could require us to modify our solutions and features, possibly in a material manner, could limit our ability to develop new products and features and could subject us to increased compliance obligations and regulatory scrutiny.

These laws and regulations constantly evolve and remain subject to significant change. In addition, the application and interpretation of these laws and regulations are often uncertain. New privacy laws add additional complexity, requirements, restrictions and potential legal risk, require additional investment in resources to compliance programs, and could impact trading strategies and availability of previously useful data. Such new laws may add additional complexity, variation in requirements, restrictions and potential legal risk, require additional investment in resources to compliance programs, and could impact strategies and availability of previously useful data and could result in increased compliance costs and/or changes in business practices and policies.

We are also subject to payment card association operating rules, certification requirements and rules governing electronic funds transfers, including the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (the “PCI DSS”), a security standard applicable to companies that collect, store or transmit certain data regarding credit and debit cards, holders and transactions. Any failure to comply with the PCI DSS may violate payment card association operating rules, federal and state laws and regulations, and the terms of our contracts with payment processors and merchant banks. Such failure to comply may result in the loss of our ability to accept credit and debit card payments, subject us to fines, penalties and damages. In addition, there is no guarantee that PCI DSS compliance will prevent illegal or improper use of our payment systems or the theft, loss or misuse of data pertaining to credit and debit cards, credit and debit card holders, and credit and debit card transactions.

We are subject to anti-money laundering laws and regulations in the United States and other jurisdictions in which we operate.

We are subject to reporting, recordkeeping and anti-money laundering provisions in the United States, and are subject to similar requirements in other jurisdictions in which we operate. Recently, there has been increased regulatory scrutiny by the United States and other regulators and law enforcement agencies on companies in the gaming industry and compliance with anti-money laundering laws and regulations. Anti-money laundering laws and regulations are evolving quickly and could change or could be interpreted differently in the future, or new laws and regulations could be enacted. Any determination that we have violated such laws or regulations, or any accusations of money laundering or regulatory investigations into possible money laundering activities, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and cash flows, and changes in these laws or regulations could result in increased operating costs.

We are subject to global anti-corruption laws, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.

We are subject to anti-corruption, anti-bribery and similar laws and regulations in the various jurisdictions in which we operate, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (the “FCPA”). The FCPA prohibits us and our officers, directors, employees, agents and business partners acting on our behalf, from corruptly offering, promising, authorizing or providing anything of value to a “foreign official” for the purposes of influencing official decisions or otherwise securing an improper advantage to obtain or retain business. The FCPA further requires companies listed on U.S. stock exchanges to make and keep books and records that accurately reflect transactions and dispositions of assets and to maintain a system of adequate internal accounting controls. We conduct business directly and indirectly (through third-party vendors) with U.S. and non-U.S. governments. We are also subject to governmental oversight around the world, which may bring our officers, directors, employees and business partners acting on our behalf, including agents, into contact with government officials, all of which creates compliance risks.

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We will implement and maintain policies and procedures designed to comply with applicable anti-corruption laws and regulations. However, we cannot provide assurance that our internal controls and compliance systems will always protect us from liability for acts committed by employees, agents or business partners of ours that would violate U.S. and/or non-U.S. laws, including the laws governing payments to government officials, bribery, fraud, kickbacks and other related laws. Any such improper actions or allegations of such acts could subject us to civil or criminal fines and penalties, disgorgement of profits, injunctions and debarment from government contracts, as well as related stockholder lawsuits and other remedial measures, all of which could adversely affect our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations. Investigations of alleged violations can also be disruptive and cause us to incur significant legal and investigatory fees.

Conditions in the jurisdictions where we operate could materially and adversely affect our business.

Our offices are located in Tel Aviv, Israel, and a number of our officers and directors are living in Israel. Accordingly, political, economic and military conditions in Israel and the surrounding region may directly affect our business and operations. Since the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, a number of armed conflicts have taken place between Israel and its neighboring countries. Any hostilities involving Israel could adversely affect our operations and results of operations.

In addition, one of our offices is located in Kyiv, Ukraine, where a large part of our development team is located. The political and civil situation in Ukraine cannot be accurately predicted since the removal of President Yanukovych from power by the Ukrainian parliament in February 2014, which was followed by reports of Russian military activity in the Crimean region, and the election of Volodymyr Zelensky in May 2019. Ukraine’s political activities remain fluid and beyond our control. While we continue to monitor the situation in Ukraine closely, any prolonged or expanded unrest, military activities, or sanctions, should they be implemented, could have a material adverse effect on our operations.

Risks Relating to the Ownership of Our Ordinary Shares

The trading price of our Ordinary Shares is likely to be volatile, and you may lose all or part of your investment.

 The following factors, in addition to other risks described in this Annual Report, may have a significant effect on the market price of our Ordinary Shares:


variations in our operating results;


actual or anticipated changes in the estimates of our operating results;


changes in stock market analyst recommendations regarding our Ordinary Shares, other comparable companies or our industry generally;


macro-economic conditions in the countries in which we do business;


currency exchange fluctuations and the denominations in which we conduct business and hold our cash reserves;


market conditions in our industry;


actual or expected changes in our growth rates or our competitors’ growth rates;
 

changes in regulation applicable to our industry;
 

changes in the market valuation of similar companies;

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the trading volume of our shares on Nasdaq;


sales of our Ordinary Shares by our Founding Shareholders and William Hill;


sales of our Ordinary Shares by us or our shareholders; and


the adoption or modification of regulations, policies, procedures or programs applicable to our business.

In addition, if the market for technology stocks or the stock market in general experiences a loss of investor confidence, the trading price of our Ordinary Shares could decline for reasons unrelated to our business, financial condition or operating results. The trading price of our Ordinary Shares might also decline in reaction to events that affect other companies in our industry, even if these events do not directly affect us. Each of these factors, among others, could harm the value of your investment in our Ordinary Shares. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market, securities class-action litigation has often been instituted against companies. Such litigation, if instituted against us, could result in substantial costs and diversion of management’s attention and resources, which could materially adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

If a U.S. person is treated as owning at least 10% of our Ordinary Shares, such holder may be subject to adverse United States federal income tax consequences.

If a U.S. person is treated as owning (directly, indirectly, or constructively) at least 10% of the value or voting power of our Ordinary Shares, such person may be treated as a “U.S. shareholder” with respect to each “controlled foreign corporation” in our group (if any). Because our group includes a U.S. subsidiary, certain of our non-U.S. subsidiaries will be treated as controlled foreign corporations (regardless of whether or not we are treated as a controlled foreign corporation). A U.S. shareholder of a controlled foreign corporation may be required to report annually and include in its United States taxable income its pro rata share of “Subpart F income,” “global intangible low-taxed income,” and investments in U.S. property by controlled foreign corporations, regardless of whether we make any distributions. An individual that is a U.S. shareholder with respect to a controlled foreign corporation generally would not be allowed certain tax deductions or foreign tax credits that would be allowed to a U.S. shareholder that is a U.S. corporation. Failure to comply with these reporting obligations may subject a U.S. shareholder to significant monetary penalties and may prevent the statute of limitations with respect to such shareholder’s United States federal income tax return for the year for which reporting was due from starting. We cannot provide any assurance that we will assist investors in determining whether we are or any of our non-U.S. subsidiaries is treated as a controlled foreign corporation or whether any investor is treated as a U.S. shareholder with respect to any such controlled foreign corporation or furnish to any U.S. shareholders information that may be necessary to comply with the aforementioned reporting and tax paying obligations. A U.S. investor should consult its advisers regarding the potential application of these rules to an investment in our Ordinary Shares.

Ownership in our Ordinary Shares is restricted by gambling laws, and persons found “unsuitable” may be required to dispose of their shares.

Gambling authorities or lottery authorities, as applicable, have the right to investigate any individual or entity having a relationship to, or involvement with, us or any of our subsidiaries or joint ventures, to determine whether such individual or entity is suitable as a business associate of ours. Many jurisdictions also require any person who acquires beneficial ownership of more than a certain percentage of voting securities of a gambling company to report the acquisition to the local regulatory authorities, and those authorities may require such holders to apply for qualification or a finding of suitability, subject to limited exceptions for “institutional investors” that hold a company’s voting securities for investment purposes only.

Gambling and/or lottery authorities have very broad discretion in determining whether an applicant should be deemed suitable. Subject to certain administrative proceeding requirements, these regulators have the authority to deny any application or limit, condition, restrict, revoke or suspend any license, registration, finding of suitability or approval, or fine any person licensed, registered or found suitable or approved, for any cause deemed reasonable by those authorities.

Any person found unsuitable by a competent authority may be precluded from holding direct, indirect, beneficial or record ownership of any voting security, nonvoting security or debt security of any public corporation which is registered with the relevant gambling or lottery authority beyond the time prescribed by such authority.

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Our failure, or the failure of any of our major shareholders, directors, officers, key employees, products or technology, to obtain or retain a required license or approval in one jurisdiction could negatively impact our ability (or the ability of any of our major shareholders, directors, officers, key employees, products or technology) to obtain or retain required licenses and approvals in other jurisdictions.

In light of these regulations and the potential impact on our business, our articles of association allow for the restriction of stock ownership by persons or entities who fail to comply with informational or other regulatory requirements under applicable gambling laws, who are found unsuitable to hold our shares by competent authorities, whose stock ownership adversely affects our ability to obtain, maintain, renew or qualify for a license, contract, franchise or other regulatory approval from a gambling or lottery authority or a purported transferee of a stockholder who acquires shares made invalid pursuant to our articles of association. The licensing procedures and background investigations of the authorities that regulate our businesses and the restriction in our articles of association may inhibit potential investors from becoming significant stockholders or inhibit existing stockholders from retaining or increasing their ownership.

We do not anticipate paying dividends in the foreseeable future.

We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our Ordinary Shares in the foreseeable future. We intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings to fund the development and expansion of our business. Any future determination to pay dividends will be made at the discretion of our board of directors, subject to compliance with applicable laws and covenants under any future credit facility, which may restrict or limit our ability to pay dividends. The amount of any future dividend payments we may make will depend on, among other factors, our strategy, future earnings, financial condition, cash flow, working capital requirements, capital expenditures and applicable provisions of our articles of association. Unless and until we declare and pay dividends, any return on your investment will only occur if the value of our Ordinary Shares appreciates.

Additionally, under Luxembourg law, at least 5% of our net profits per year must be allocated to the creation of a legal reserve until such reserve has reached an amount equal to 10% of our issued share capital. The allocation to the legal reserve becomes compulsory again when the legal reserve no longer represents 10% of our issued share capital. Our legal reserve is not available for distribution.

Future sales or the perception of future sales of our Ordinary Shares could adversely affect the price of our Ordinary Shares.

As of December 31, 2020, there were 24,983,855 Ordinary Shares outstanding. We, all of our directors and executive officers, and the holders of substantially all of our outstanding Ordinary Shares (including the Founding Shareholders and William Hill) have entered into lock-up agreements pursuant to which we and they are subject to certain restrictions with respect to the sale or other disposition of our Ordinary Shares until the date that is 180 days following the date of our initial public offering on Form F-1. Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated, who acted as the representative of the underwriters in our initial public offering on Form F-1, may at any time and without notice, may release all or any portion of the Ordinary Shares subject to the foregoing lock-up agreements.

If the restrictions under the lock-up agreements are waived, then the Ordinary Shares, subject to compliance with the Securities Act or exceptions therefrom, will be available for sale into the public markets, which could cause the market price of our Ordinary Shares to decline and impair our ability to raise capital through a future sale of, or pay for acquisitions using, our equity securities. Sales of a substantial number of shares upon expiration of the lock-up agreements or the perception that such sales may occur may also cause the market price of our Ordinary Shares to fall or make it more difficult for you to sell your Ordinary Shares at a time and price that you deem appropriate.

The coverage of our business or our Ordinary Shares by securities or industry analysts or the absence thereof could adversely affect the trading price and trading volume of our Ordinary Shares.

Our Ordinary Shares are listed on Nasdaq. However, we cannot assure you that an active trading market for our Ordinary Shares will develop on that exchange or elsewhere or, if developed, that any such market will be sustained. The trading market for our securities is influenced in part by the research and other reports that industry or securities analysts publish about us or our business or industry from time to time. We do not control these analysts or the content and opinions included in their reports. We may be slow to attract equity research coverage, and the analysts who publish information about our securities will have had relatively little experience with our company, which could affect their ability to accurately forecast our results and make it more likely that we fail to meet their estimates. If no or few analysts commence equity research coverage of us, the trading price and volume of our securities would likely be negatively impacted. If analysts do cover us and one or more of them downgrade our securities, or if they issue other unfavorable commentary about us or our industry or inaccurate research, our stock price would likely decline. Furthermore, if one or more of these analysts cease coverage or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets. Any of the foregoing would likely cause our stock price and trading volume to decline. Accordingly, we cannot assure you of the likelihood that an active trading market will develop or be maintained, the liquidity of any trading market, your ability to sell your Ordinary Shares when desired or the price that you may be able to obtain in any such sale.

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We are an emerging growth company, as defined in the Securities Act, and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our Ordinary Shares less attractive to investors because we may rely on these reduced disclosure requirements.

We are an emerging growth company, as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act.

For as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, we may also take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including presenting only limited selected financial data and not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (“Section 404”). As a result, our shareholders may not have access to certain information that they may deem important. We could be an emerging growth company for up to five years following the completion of our initial public offering on Form F-1, although circumstances could cause us to lose that status earlier, including if our total annual revenues exceed $1.07 billion, if we issue more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities during any three-year period, or if we become a “large accelerated filer” under U.S. securities laws. We cannot predict if investors will find our Ordinary Shares less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our Ordinary Shares less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our Ordinary Shares and our share price may be more volatile.

We are a foreign private issuer and, as a result, we are not subject to U.S. proxy rules and are subject to Exchange Act reporting obligations that, to some extent, are more lenient and less frequent than those of a U.S. domestic public company.

We report under the Exchange Act as a non-U.S. company with foreign private issuer status. Because we qualify as a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, we are exempt from certain provisions of the Exchange Act that are applicable to U.S. domestic public companies, including (1) the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act, (2) the sections of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their share ownership and trading activities and liability for insiders who profit from trades made in a short period of time and (3) the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing with the SEC of quarterly reports on Form 10-Q containing unaudited financial and other specified information. In addition, foreign private issuers are not required to file their annual report on Form 20-F as promptly as U.S. domestic issuers. In addition, we are permitted to disclose limited compensation information for our executive officers on an individual basis. Further, we are not required to comply with Regulation FD, which restricts the selective disclosure of material nonpublic information to, among others, broker-dealers and holders of a company’s securities under circumstances in which it is reasonably foreseeable that the holder will trade in the company’s securities on the basis of the information. These exemptions and leniencies reduce the frequency and scope of information and protections afforded to shareholders of a company that is not a foreign private issuer.

Additionally, as a foreign private issuer whose shares are listed on Nasdaq, we have the option to follow certain home country corporate governance practices rather than those of Nasdaq, provided that we disclose the requirements we are not following and describe the home country practices we are following. This will be the case even if we cease to be a “controlled company” within the meaning of the Nasdaq listing standards. Subject to the controlled company exemption, we may in the future elect to follow home country practices with regard to various corporate governance requirements for which exemptions are available to foreign private issuers, including certain requirements prescribed by Nasdaq with regard to, among other things, the composition of our board of directors and shareholder approval procedures for certain dilutive events and for the adoption of, and material changes to, equity incentive plans. As a result, our shareholders may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all Nasdaq corporate governance requirements. See Item 16G. “Corporate Governance.”

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We may lose our foreign private issuer status in the future, which could result in significant additional costs and expenses.

As discussed above, we are a foreign private issuer, and therefore, we are not required to comply with all of the periodic disclosure and current reporting requirements of the Exchange Act. The determination of foreign private issuer status is made annually on the last business day of an issuer’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, and, accordingly, the next determination will be made with respect to us on June 30, 2021. In the future, we would lose our foreign private issuer status if (1) more than 50% of our outstanding voting securities are owned by U.S. residents and (2) a majority of our directors or executive officers are U.S. citizens or residents, or we fail to meet additional requirements necessary to avoid loss of foreign private issuer status. If we lose our foreign private issuer status, we will be required to file with the SEC periodic reports and registration statements on U.S. domestic issuer forms, which are more detailed and extensive than the forms available to a foreign private issuer. We will also have to mandatorily comply with U.S. federal proxy requirements, and our officers, directors and principal shareholders will become subject to the short-swing profit disclosure and recovery provisions of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, we will lose our ability to rely upon exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements under the Nasdaq rules. As a U.S.-listed public company that is not a foreign private issuer, we will incur significant additional legal, accounting and other expenses that we will not incur as a foreign private issuer.

We are a “controlled company” under Nasdaq rules, and we are able to rely on exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements that provide protection to shareholders of companies that are not controlled companies.

The Founding Shareholders hold approximately 51.1% of our issued Ordinary Shares. Accordingly, we are a “controlled company” under Nasdaq rules. As a controlled company, we are exempt from Nasdaq rules with respect to certain corporate governance requirements, such as the requirement that we have a majority of independent directors and we utilize this exemption. While we do not currently take advantage of other exemptions, if we elect to take advantage of any other exemptions in the future, our shareholders will not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all Nasdaq rules.

Our articles of association designate the federal district courts of the United States as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our shareholders.

Our articles of association provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the U.S. federal district courts shall be the sole and exclusive forum for any claim asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all such Securities Act actions. Accordingly, both state and federal courts have jurisdiction to entertain such claims. This choice of forum provision may limit a shareholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees and may increase the costs associated with such lawsuits, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and employees. Alternatively, if a court were to find these provisions of our articles of association inapplicable to, or unenforceable in respect of, one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could adversely affect our business and financial condition. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in our share capital shall be deemed to have notice of and to have consented to the choice of forum provisions of our articles of association described above. This provision would not apply to suits brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the U.S. federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction.

We may be classified as a passive foreign investment company, as well as a controlled foreign corporation, which could result in adverse United States federal income tax consequences to United States Holders (as defined below) of our Ordinary Shares.

We would be classified as a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) for any taxable year if, after the application of certain look-through rules, either: (i) 75% or more of our gross income for such year is “passive income” (as defined in the relevant provisions of the Internal Revenue Code (as defined below)), or (ii) 50% or more of the value of our gross assets (generally determined on the basis of a quarterly average) during such year is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income. Based on our market capitalization and the composition of our income, assets and operations, we believe we were not a PFIC for the year ending December 31, 2020 and do not expect to be a PFIC for United States federal income tax purposes for the current taxable year or in the foreseeable future. However, this is a factual determination that must be made annually after the close of each taxable year. Moreover, the aggregate value of our assets for purposes of the PFIC determination may be determined by reference to the trading price of our Ordinary Shares, which could fluctuate significantly. Therefore, there can be no assurance that we will not be classified as a PFIC for the current taxable year or in the future. United States Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding the application of these rules. Certain adverse United States federal income tax consequences could apply to a United States Holder if we are treated as a PFIC for any taxable year during which such United States Holder holds our Ordinary Shares. See Item 10.E. “Taxation - Material United States Federal Income Tax Considerations for United States Holders - Passive Foreign Investment Company.”

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We continue to incur increased costs as a result of operating as a public company, and our management is required to devote substantial time to new compliance initiatives and corporate governance practices.

As a public company, and particularly after we are no longer an emerging growth company, we will continue to incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, Nasdaq rules and other applicable securities rules and regulations impose various requirements on public companies, including establishment and maintenance of effective disclosure and financial controls and corporate governance practices. Our management and other personnel continue to devote a substantial amount of time to these compliance initiatives. Moreover, these rules and regulations continue to increase our legal and financial compliance costs and continue to make some activities more time-consuming and costly. For example, these rules and regulations make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified members of our board of directors.

We continue to evaluate these rules and regulations and cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we may incur or the timing of such costs. These rules and regulations are often subject to varying interpretations, in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices.

We are required to comply with the SEC’s rules implementing Sections 302 and 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which requires management to certify financial and other information in our annual reports and provide an annual management report on the effectiveness of control over financial reporting. Though we are required to disclose material changes in internal control over financial reporting on an annual basis, we will not be required to make our first annual assessment of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 until the year following our first annual report required to be filed with the SEC. Additionally, while we remain an emerging growth company, we will not be required to include an attestation report on internal control over financial reporting issued by our independent registered public accounting firm. To achieve compliance with Section 404 within the prescribed period, we will be engaged in a process to document and evaluate our internal control over financial reporting, which is both costly and challenging. In this regard, we will need to continue to dedicate internal resources, potentially engage outside consultants and adopt a detailed work plan to assess and document the adequacy of internal control over financial reporting, continue steps to improve control processes as appropriate, validate through testing that controls are functioning as documented and implement a continuous reporting and improvement process for internal control over financial reporting. We currently have limited accounting personnel and we have begun the process of evaluating the adequacy of our accounting personnel staffing level and other matters related to our internal control over financial reporting. Despite our efforts, there is a risk that we will not be able to conclude, within the prescribed timeframe or at all, that our internal control over financial reporting is effective as required by Section 404. If we identify one or more material weaknesses, it could result in an adverse reaction in the financial markets due to a loss of confidence in the reliability of our financial statements. As a result, the market price of our Ordinary Shares could be negatively affected, and we could become subject to investigations by the stock exchange on which our securities are listed, the SEC or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional financial and management resources.

Risks Relating to Our Incorporation in Luxembourg

The rights of our shareholders may differ from the rights they would have as shareholders of a United States corporation, which could adversely impact trading in our Ordinary Shares and our ability to conduct equity financings.

The Company’s corporate affairs are governed by the Company’s articles of association and the laws of Luxembourg, including the Luxembourg Company Law (loi du 10 août 1915 concernant les sociétés commerciales, telle qu’elle a été modifiée). The rights of our shareholders and the responsibilities of our directors and officers under Luxembourg law are different from those applicable to a corporation incorporated in the United States. For example, under Delaware law, the board of directors of a Delaware corporation bears the ultimate responsibility for managing the business and affairs of a corporation. In discharging this function, directors of a Delaware corporation owe fiduciary duties of care and loyalty to the corporation and its shareholders. Luxembourg law imposes a duty on directors of a Luxembourg company to: (i) act in good faith with a view to the best interests of a company; and (ii) exercise the care, diligence, and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in a similar position and under comparable circumstances. Additionally, under Delaware law, a shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of a company to enforce a company’s rights. Under Luxembourg law, the board of directors has sole authority to decide whether to initiate legal action to enforce a company’s rights (other than, in certain circumstances, an action against members of our board of directors, which may be initiated by the general meeting of the shareholders, or, subject to certain conditions, by minority shareholders holding together at least 10% of the voting rights in the company). Further, under Luxembourg law, there may be less publicly available information about us than is regularly published by or about U.S. issuers. In addition, Luxembourg laws governing the securities of Luxembourg companies may not be as extensive as those in effect in the United States, and Luxembourg laws and regulations in respect of corporate governance matters might not be as protective of minority shareholders as are state corporation laws in the United States. Therefore, our shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in connection with actions taken by our directors, officers or principal shareholders than they would as shareholders of a corporation incorporated in the United States. As a result of these differences, our shareholders may have more difficulty protecting their interests than they would as shareholders of a U.S. issuer.

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The Company is organized under the laws of Luxembourg and a substantial amount of its assets are not located in the United States. It may be difficult for you to obtain or enforce judgments or bring original actions against us or the members of our board of directors in the United States.

The Company is organized under the laws of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Most of the members of our board of directors, our senior management and the experts named in this Annual Report reside outside the United States and a substantial portion of their assets are located outside the United States. As a result, it may not be possible for you to effect service of process within the United States upon these individuals or upon us or to enforce judgments obtained in U.S. courts based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. securities laws against us in the United States. Awards of punitive damages in actions brought in the United States or elsewhere are generally not enforceable in Luxembourg and penalty clauses and similar clauses on damages or liquidated damages are allowed to the extent that they provide for a reasonable level of damages and the courts of Luxembourg have the right to reduce or increase the amount thereof if it is unreasonably high or low.

As there is no treaty in force on the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters between the United States and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, courts in Luxembourg will not automatically recognize and enforce a final judgment rendered by a U.S. court. A valid judgment obtained from a court of competent jurisdiction in the United States may be entered and enforced through a court of competent jurisdiction in Luxembourg, subject to compliance with the enforcement procedures (exequatur). The enforceability in Luxembourg courts of judgments rendered by U.S. courts will be subject, prior to any enforcement in Luxembourg, to the procedure and the conditions set forth in the Luxembourg procedural code, which conditions may include that:


the judgment of the U.S. court is final and enforceable (exécutoire) in the United States;


the U.S. court had jurisdiction over the subject matter leading to the judgment (that is, its jurisdiction was in compliance both with Luxembourg private international law rules and with the applicable domestic U.S. federal or state jurisdictional rules);


the U.S. court has applied to the dispute the substantive law that would have been applied by Luxembourg courts. Based on recent case law and legal doctrine, it is not certain that this condition would still be required for an exequatur to be granted by a Luxembourg court;
 

the judgment was granted following proceedings where the counterparty had the opportunity to appear and, if it appeared, to present a defense, and the decision of the foreign court must not have been obtained by fraud, but in compliance with the rights of the defendant;


the U.S. court has acted in accordance with its own procedural laws; and


the decisions and the considerations of the U.S. court must not be contrary to Luxembourg international public policy rules, must not have been given in proceedings of a tax or criminal nature and must not have been rendered subsequent to an evasion of Luxembourg law (fraude a la loi).

In addition, actions brought in a Luxembourg court against us, the members of our board of directors, our officers or the experts named herein to enforce liabilities based on U.S. federal securities laws may be subject to certain restrictions. In particular, Luxembourg courts do generally not award punitive damages. It is possible that awards of damages made under civil liabilities provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws or other laws (for example, fines or punitive damages) would be classified by Luxembourg courts as being of a penal or punitive nature and would not be recognized by Luxembourg courts. Ordinarily an award of monetary damages would not be considered as a penalty, but if the monetary damages include punitive damages, such punitive damages may be considered as a penalty.

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Derivative actions are generally not available to shareholders under Luxembourg law. However, minority shareholders holding securities entitled to 10% of the voting rights at the general meeting that resolved on the granting of discharge to the directors may bring an action against the directors on behalf of the company. Minority shareholders holding at least 10% of the voting rights of a company may also ask the directors questions in writing concerning acts of management of the company or one of its subsidiaries, and if the company fails to answer these questions within one month, these shareholders may apply to the Luxembourg courts to appoint one or more experts instructed to submit a report on these acts of management. This provision of Luxembourg law does not apply to claims under the U.S. federal securities laws. Furthermore, consideration would be given by a Luxembourg court in summary proceedings to acts that are alleged to constitute an abuse of majority rights against the minority shareholders.

Litigation in Luxembourg also is subject to rules of procedure that differ from the U.S. rules, including with respect to the taking and admissibility of evidence, the conduct of the proceedings and the allocation of costs. Proceedings in Luxembourg would have to be conducted in the French or German language, and all documents submitted to the court would, in principle, have to be translated into French or German.

There exists no published case law in Luxembourg in relation to the recognition of limited recourse provisions by which a party agrees to limit its recourse against the other party to the assets available at any given point in time with such other party and there exists no published case law in Luxembourg in relation to the recognition of foreign law governed subordination provisions whereby a party agrees to subordinate its claims of another party. If a Luxembourg court had to analyze the enforceability of such provisions, it is likely that such a court would consider the position taken by Belgian and Luxembourg legal scholars according to which limited recourse provisions are enforceable against the parties thereto but not against third parties.

A contractual provision allowing the service of process against a party to a service agent could be overridden by Luxembourg statutory provisions allowing the valid serving of process against a party subject to and in accordance with the laws of the country where such party is domiciled.

For these reasons, it may be difficult for a U.S. investor to bring an original action in a Luxembourg court predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us, the members of our board of directors, our executive officers and the experts named in this Annual Report. In addition, even if a judgment against us, the non-U.S. members of our board of directors, senior management or the experts named in this Annual Report based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws is obtained, a U.S. investor may not be able to enforce it in U.S. or Luxembourg courts.

Luxembourg and European insolvency and bankruptcy laws are substantially different than U.S. insolvency laws and may offer our shareholders less protection than they would have under U.S. insolvency and bankruptcy laws.

As a company organized under the laws of Luxembourg and with its registered office in Luxembourg, the Company is subject to Luxembourg insolvency and bankruptcy laws in the event any insolvency proceedings are initiated against us including, among other things, Council and European Parliament Regulation (EU) 2015/848 of 20 May 2015 on insolvency proceedings (recast). Should courts in another European country determine that the insolvency and bankruptcy laws of that country apply to us in accordance with and subject to such EU regulations, the courts in that country could have jurisdiction over the insolvency proceedings initiated against us. Insolvency and bankruptcy laws in Luxembourg or the relevant other European country, if any, may offer our shareholders less protection than they would have under U.S. insolvency and bankruptcy laws and make it more difficult for them to recover the amount they could expect to recover in a liquidation under U.S. insolvency and bankruptcy laws.
ITEM 4.  INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

4.A.          History and Development of the Company
 
We were organized under the laws of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (“Luxembourg”) as a private limited liability company (société à responsabilité limitée) on April 10, 2014 and converted into a public limited liability company (société anonyme) under the laws of Luxembourg on November 10, 2020. As part of the conversion we executed a 1:8.234 reverse share split. Our registered office is located at 5, rue de Bonnevoie, L-1260 Luxembourg and our telephone number at this address is +352-2040119020.

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Our principal executive offices are located at 10 Habarzel Street, Tel Aviv, 6971014, Israel. Our telephone number at this address is +972-73-372-3107. Our website address is https:// neogames.com. The information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not a part of, and shall not be incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report. We have included our website address as an inactive textual reference only. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers, such as we, that file electronically, with the SEC at www.sec.gov. Our agent for service of process in the United States is Puglisi & Associates and its address is 850 Library Avenue, Suite 204, Newark, DE 19711.

For a description of our principal capital expenditures and divestitures for the three years ended December 31, 2020 and for those currently in progress, see Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.”

4.B.          Business Overview

 Our Company

We are a technology-driven business that is an innovator in the lottery industry. As a global B2G and B2B technology and service provider to state lotteries and other lottery operators, we offer our customers a full-service solution that includes all of the elements required for the offering of lottery games, including Instants and DBGs (both as defined below), via personal computers, smartphones and handheld devices (“iLottery”). These elements include technology platforms, a range of value-added services and a game studio with a large portfolio of games. The value-added services that we offer facilitate various aspects of the iLottery offering including regulation and compliance, payment processing, risk management, player relationship management and player value optimization. Our complete solution allows our customers to enjoy the benefits of marketing their brands and generating traffic to their iLottery sales channels. We believe that we are the only full-service company exclusively focused on the iLottery industry.

NeoGames was established as an independent company in 2014, following a spin-off from Aspire Global Plc (formerly known as NeoPoint Technologies Limited) (“Aspire” and, together with its subsidiaries, the “Aspire Group”), a B2C and B2B service provider in the iGaming industry. Prior to the spin-off from Aspire, our management team was responsible for the iLottery business of Aspire, which derived the majority of its revenues from the sale of iLottery games to various lotteries in Europe. In 2014, we began to focus on the U.S. iLottery market, which opened in 2012 with the introduction of online lottery ticket sales in Illinois. In order to access this significant market opportunity, we partnered with Pollard Banknote Limited (“Pollard”), one of the leading vendors to the global lottery industry. In 2014, we signed our first turnkey solution contract in the United States with the MSL, as a sub-contractor to Pollard.

In July 2014 we formed NPI, a joint venture with Pollard, for the purpose of identifying, pursuing, winning and executing iLottery contracts in the North American lottery market. NPI combines the Company’s technology and iLottery business and operational experience with Pollard’s infrastructure, administrative capabilities and relationships with lotteries in North America. NPI is managed by an executive board of four members, consisting of two members appointed by NeoGames and two members appointed by Pollard. NPI has its own general manager and dedicated workforce and operates as a separate entity. However, it relies on NeoGames and Pollard for certain services, such as technology development, business operations and support services from NeoGames and corporate services, including legal, banking and certain human resources services, from Pollard.

Since its inception, NPI has secured iLottery contracts with the VAL, the NHL (as a sub-contractor to Intralot), the NCEL and the AGLC. All of our iLottery business in North America is conducted through NPI, except in Michigan, where the contract is between the MSL and Pollard and we support the Michigan iLottery as a subcontractor of Pollard. We continue to conduct all of our business outside of North America through NeoGames.

The iLottery industry, and we as a company, benefit from long-term, multi-year contracts with our customers. Our primary full-service contract in Europe, with Sazka a.s. (“Sazka”) in the Czech Republic, was entered into in 2015 and the term was extended this year to 2025. Moreover, we have developed a leading market position in the United States - we currently provide iLottery solutions to the largest number of U.S. iLottery customers (excluding states that offer only subscription-based iLottery), including the highest-grossing iLottery program in the United States (the Michigan iLottery). Our revenues (which, as discussed in Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects - Components of Results of Operations - Revenues,” excludes our NPI Revenues Interest (as defined in Item 5 below)) for the year ended December 31, 2020 were $49.2 million, an increase of 48.8% compared to our revenues of $33.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2019, and our revenues for the year ended December 31, 2019 were an increase of 40.8% compared to our revenue of $23.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2018.

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Global Customer Base(1)
 
 


(1)
As of March 31, 2021

Our Solutions and Services

We offer iLottery solutions through two distinct business lines - turnkey solutions and games. Our turnkey solutions are tailored to each customer and can include a combination of any of our platforms, value-added services and game studio. Our games offering is related to our game studio, but consists solely of offering our portfolio of iLottery games to lotteries.

We also provide certain software development services to the Aspire Group and NPI and sub-license certain platforms to William Hill. For more information on our contracts with William Hill and Aspire, see Item 7.B. “Related Party Transactions.”

Our Technology Platforms

Though the forms of lottery games vary, the basic structure of all lottery games involves the drawing of numbers at random for the chance of winning a cash prize. Lottery has generally been separated into two primary products:


draw based games (“DBGs”), such as Powerball, in which players select numbers and the winning combination or ticket is determined by a scheduled draw; and


instant tickets (“Instants”) in which players can instantly reveal a pre-determined result through which they can learn whether their ticket entitles them to a prize.

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NeoSphere

The central technology platform we offer, NeoSphere, delivers comprehensive iLottery capabilities through its player account management (“PAM”) module, and acts as the system of record for all transactions.

The NeoSphere platform provides and controls the functionality related to the management of players throughout their entire lifecycle. This includes registration (regardless of the digital channel used by the player), age and identification verification, geolocation sign-in, responsible gaming monitoring, product usage, issue resolution, player compliance, player retention, marketing and player services, as well as the functionality required for wallet transactions. The PAM module is where we collect, process and record every transaction associated with a player’s identification across the entire turnkey solution. The data collected through these online interactions gives us an insight into player preferences, and consequently informs the execution of player segmentation strategies to drive insightful iLottery campaigns. Utilizing our responsible gaming and compliance features embedded throughout our solution, we also monitor gaming activity and provide controls and alerts customized for each player’s profile.

We believe the highly flexible and versatile PAM that we offer can power the management and operations of many forms of online gaming and is trusted by our customers for its performance and reliability. For example, this PAM serves as the central platform for William Hill’s U.S. online sports betting and iGaming offerings, supports the significant growth of lottery and casino games and sports betting under our agreement with Sazka and powers the entire suite of iGaming offerings under our agreement with the AGLC.

NeoDraw

NeoDraw is a central gaming system for the issuance, sale and operation of DBGs. The proprietary technology of NeoDraw has been developed specifically for the iLottery market and online players and is fully-integrated with the NeoSphere platform to facilitate the rapid implementation of DBGs as part of the complete turnkey solution.

NeoDraw is an example of specialized technology. Providers of online casino games or sports betting typically cannot apply their technology used for online casino and sports betting to DBG offerings given the multifaceted nuances of lottery game mechanics and math.

The main advantages of NeoDraw include:


Greater flexibility for the lottery - NeoDraw can operate independently or in parallel with an existing retail central lottery system and is not constrained by limitations of traditional lottery systems.


Quicker time to market - NeoDraw is fully-integrated with NeoSphere. This reduces the complexity, resources and time required to integrate with a third-party system to launch traditional games.


Additional functionality - NeoDraw enables us and our lottery customers to introduce new innovations related to online purchase flows, shopping cart functionality and in-game features that are in some cases not available with legacy central lottery systems.

Currently, all of our U.S. customers have opted to employ NeoDraw to launch their iLottery offerings.

NeoPlay

NeoPlay is the technology platform we offer that manages online Instants. It facilitates configurations, including prize tables, payouts, ticket series setups, ticket price points and many other variables, and supports channels, including mobile, desktop and applications.

Our Services

With more than ten years of experience in the iLottery industry (including our management team’s operation of the iLottery business of Aspire), we have gained substantial knowledge and direct experience in the full spectrum of marketing and business operations which is essential to enable the revenue growth of our customers. The ever-growing insights that we continue to gain from our broad view of analytics, game performance, player support, payment solutions management and more allows us to act as a strategic partner to our customers in jointly developing their iLottery business.

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We provide services to our customers across four key areas: marketing operations, player operations, technology operations and business operations.


Marketing operations - we provide targeted marketing services and data analytics to our North American customers through the entire player lifecycle, from digital acquisition and onboarding to game participation. Such operations include:


implementation of promotional campaigns tailored to player segments;


maximization of the return generated from a player;


results-based analytics of player behavior;


player-level segmentation-based evaluation of the player’s activity status, game orientation, deposit characteristics, reaction to previous promotional campaigns and account balance status;


predictive analysis of the lifetime value of players acquired from different marketing and promotional campaigns; and


information regarding the decision on which player acquisition strategies and marketing campaigns to focus and which to abandon.


Player operations - leveraging years of experience managing players on behalf of our customers, we provide to our North American customers various services designed to offer the best possible services to iLottery players. Such operations include:


a customer service center based in Lansing, Michigan, which services our North American customers;


responsible gaming services to proactively detect and react to player gaming behaviors;


compliance services including anti-money-laundering (“AML”) and know-your-customer solutions to meet the customer’s local requirements; and


facilitating the flow of funds throughout the entire player lifecycle, from funding to cash-outs.


Technology operations - these operations, which we provide to many of our customers, are meant to provide the full spectrum of monitoring and maintenance of the platforms we deploy for our customers and protect the integrity of our back-end iLottery software. Such operations include:


the deployment of our technology platforms in the form of a SaaS offering;


ongoing deployments of advanced versions of our software;


handling of all reported production incidents;


verification of technological defects, and potential escalation to the development team; and


monitoring the network’s performance for degradation and potentially fraudulent activity.


Business operations - we facilitate payment processing services by third-party vendors and manage customer-facing personnel. Such operations include:


integrating third-party payment solutions into our platforms to allow for credit and debit card transactions and bank transfers;

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serving as merchant of record on behalf of our customers;


recruiting, training and managing customer service representatives; and


developing and managing the project plan required to deploy each solution.

Our Game Studio

We believe that, while operating the iLottery business of Aspire, we were the first to build a separate business unit exclusively for the development of iLottery games. We believe that we have one of the largest iLottery game portfolios in the global lottery industry, and we have produced more than 350 proprietary games.

We believe that the competitive advantage of our exclusive focus on iLottery platforms also extends to our game studio. Games offered by lotteries need to comply with strict regulations and guidelines. We believe that our focus solely on iLottery enables us to produce the best iLottery games that meet such regulations and guidelines, while providing an entertaining and diverse player experience. We believe this ability is derived from our vast experience and deep understanding of the boundaries established by such regulations and guidelines and our proven ability to “innovate inside the box.”

Our games are developed by the highly dedicated members of our studio with experience across art design and advanced multimedia animations, software development, engineering and mathematics. Prior to and during the production of a game, we consider a number of fundamental factors, including:


Entertainment value - the level of player interaction as part of the game, the complexity level of playing the game, the multimedia experience (design, animation and audio), and the duration of a game.


Mathematics - controlling the risk level of the game and optimizing the game experience to the risk profile of iLottery players (given the target payout ratio).

Competitive Landscape

While competition in the lottery industry is limited as a result of various barriers explained above, the innovative nature of iLottery created an opportunity for a singularly-focused company to enter and compete with long-time incumbents of traditional lottery. Our experience suggests that brand awareness, compelling customer business results and credibility in solid delivery and services will remain vital for success within the iLottery industry. Just as it has with traditional lottery, we believe this will lead to stable contracts with limited turnover.

We believe that the iLottery industry is less exposed to new market entrants than other gambling markets, due to the considerable barriers to entry imposed by the government procurement process, regulations and the need for specialized technology, among other factors. There is, however, intense competition among the few existing iLottery providers with respect to new iLottery contracts. We compete both for contracts to supply our full turnkey solution and for contracts to supply our portfolio of games.

We compete primarily against International Game Technology PLC (“IGT”), Scientific Games Corp. (“SGMS”) and Intralot for turnkey solutions contracts. With the exception of Intralot, we compete against the same companies for game contracts, in addition to several other companies, such as Instant Win Gaming Ltd. Although these other companies, which do not offer turnkey solutions, may capture some content market share, they will need to host their games on platforms like ours. Other companies may in the future choose to enter the iLottery industry, but we believe the expertise and experience required to build and operate a successful iLottery technology platform will limit this expansion.

We have deployed our turnkey solution to more U.S. lotteries that engaged a full-service iLottery provider than any of our competitors. The chart below presents the contracts held by existing lottery and iLottery providers within each sub-vertical of the lottery industry.

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iLottery Contract
Incumbent Retail Provider
Provider
Launch
Year
iLottery
Penetration
from Instants(1)
State
Instant
DBG
Illinois
SGMS
Intralot
Camelot
2012
N/R
Georgia
SGMS / IGT
IGT
IGT
2012
2.3%
Michigan
SGMS / Pollard / IGT
IGT
NPI(3)
2014
47.0%
Kentucky
SGMS / Pollard
IGT
IGT
2016
4.2%
Pennsylvania
SGMS
SGMS
SGMS
2018
22.8%
New Hampshire
SGMS
Intralot
NPI
2018
23.0%
North Carolina
IGT
IGT
NPI
2019
N/R
Rhode Island
IGT
IGT
IGT
2020
1.1%
Virginia(2)
IGT
IGT
NPI
2020
22.9%

N/R = Not Reported
 
(1)  iLottery Penetration is for fiscal year 2020.
 
(2) Our relationship with the VAL began in 2016 with the launch of online subscriptions for DBGs. The launch of online instants began in July 2020.
 
(3)  The contract is between MSL and Pollard and we support the Michigan iLottery as a subcontractor of Pollard.

Our Competitive Strengths

Technology design and flexibility

Our focus on iLottery allows us to prioritize the improvement of our iLottery technology and services ahead of other business opportunities. We believe that our focus on iLottery solutions, building upon years of expertise and deep exposure to U.S. customers, has given us a superior understanding of iLottery customers and players that allows us to continue to outperform our competitors in iLottery solutions and games.

The fully-integrated iLottery turnkey solution that we offer is designed to be flexible, responsive and readily adaptable to meet each customer’s needs, as well as support future growth and innovation over time. The open architecture we utilize in the development of our technology provides several benefits to our customers. With a single code base, our platforms can be continuously adapted and improved without any hindrance or restrictions from third-party suppliers. This means that all of our customers can run the same core software version and receive the same advancements and updates in a relatively short period of time, allowing us to evolve our platforms and games at a fast pace and large scale.

In-house game studio

We have produced more than 350 proprietary iLottery games and we operate our own in-house game studio. Historically, our games have performed strongly relative to our competitors’ in terms of profitability and popularity. Our game studio allows us to offer our customers a complete solution, while certain of our competitors must use third party vendors in order to provide their customers with games. In addition, our extensive game portfolio allows us to extend our customer base to customers who do not need our full turnkey solution, but are looking to expand their online games offering for greater variety of entertaining content.

iLottery business operations experience

Our experience as a B2C and B2B gaming operator, initially within Aspire, followed by years of hands-on experience managing players on behalf of our U.S. customers as part of our player operations service, has helped inform how we manage and engage iLottery players. We have also gained substantial knowledge about the iLottery market and its participants in the past decade through our operations in Europe and the United States. Our experience provides us a deep understanding of the characteristics of iLottery players, allowing us to customize our solutions to such players’ needs and interests.
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We analyze our customers’ player game data daily to gain insights into game play mechanics and player preferences across multiple jurisdictions. Our focus is on the players and understanding their characteristics, perception of gambling, loyalty to the lottery brand and other attributes. We believe this understanding has contributed to the success of our game studio.

Evidence of our strong operational acumen is evident in the performance of our U.S. contracts. Between 2015 and 2020, GGR from Instants for the Michigan iLottery grew at a compounded annual growth rate (“CAGR”) of 63.9%. The chart below presents gross sales and GGR of the U.S. states with iLottery offerings (excluding states that only offer subscription-based iLottery), as reported by the respective state lottery commissions.

 
iLottery Instant Ticket
   
   
Per Capita
State
Launch
Year
Fiscal Year(1)
 
Gross Sales
(in millions)
   
GGR
(in millions)
   
Population
(in millions)
   
 
 
Gross Sales
   
GGR
Michigan
2014
2020
 
$
1,807
   
$
219
     
10.0
   
$
181
   
$
22
Pennsylvania
2018
2020
 
$
731
   
$
94
     
12.8
   
$
57
   
$
7
New Hampshire
2018
2020
 
$
81
   
$
12
     
1.4
   
$
60
   
$
9
Georgia
2012
2020
 
$
81
     
N/R

   
10.5
   
$
8
      N/R
Kentucky
2016
2020
 
$
33
   
$
7
     
4.4
   
$
7
   
$
2
Rhode Island
2020
2020
 
$
1
      N/R

   
1.1
   
$
1
      N/R
Illinois(2)
2012
2020
    N/R

    N/R

   
12.7
     
N/R

    N/R
North Carolina(2)
2019
2020
   
N/R

    N/R

   
10.4
      N/R

    N/R
Virginia
2020
2020
 
$
267
   
$
35
     
8.5
   
$
31
   
$
4
______________________
N/R = Not Reported
 
(1)  2020 fiscal year is used for comparative purposes.
 
(2)  Illinois and North Carolina provide for DBGs only.

Time to market

We have deployed our turnkey solution to more U.S. lotteries that engaged a full-service iLottery provider than any of our competitors. The experience we gained in such deployments has allowed us to improve our implementation process and shorten our time to market. In addition, because our central lottery system is already fully-integrated with our turnkey solution, we are able to reduce the complexity, resources and time involved in the integration of third-party systems, which also contributes to shorter time to market. For example, we launched our turnkey solution for the NHL within seven months of being awarded the contract.

Brand awareness and credibility

Given the important role of lotteries in government budgets, winning the trust of customers is critical for lottery platform and service providers to be awarded new contracts, and reputation and brand are important to winning that trust. While only entering the U.S. market in 2014, we believe we have emerged as a well-known and respected name in the iLottery industry in the United States and globally because of our performance supporting our customers’ growth. The Michigan iLottery has served as role model to other U.S. states seeking to offer iLottery, and we believe that state lotteries are aware of our operating acumen and the role our technology has played in driving that success.
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Cooperation with various market players

Our openness to pursue opportunities that bring together strengths from different vendors has brought us to successfully cooperate with other vendors in the iLottery industry. We believe this approach allows us access to contracts that would otherwise have not been available for public procurement. For example, with respect to the NHL, we serve as a sub-contractor to Intralot and, with respect to the AGLC, we are cooperating with IGT to offer access to their suite of casino games, an area in which they specialize, to the benefit of the offering. We expect to continue to see similar opportunities, including opportunities to provide our successful game portfolio in cooperation with other vendors to the benefit of the state lotteries.

Our Growth Strategy

Our growth strategy is built upon five pillars:


expanding the penetration of our existing customer contracts;


expanding the scope of our existing customer contracts;


winning new turnkey contracts in the United States;


growing our game studio customer base; and


expanding our range of offerings and geographical presence.

Increase iLottery Penetration within Existing Customer Contracts

Our performance in Michigan proves a compelling case study on our potential to disrupt a market for the better. Since its launch in 2014, the Michigan iLottery has accounted for a growing percentage of gross sales from Instants in Michigan. In the most recent fiscal year of the Michigan iLottery ended September 30, 2020, our iLottery Penetration of Instants sales was 43.7% and iLottery Penetration of total sales was 34.0%. From fiscal year 2014 to 2020, compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of Michigan Instants sales was 25.7%, and the CAGR of Michigan gross sales over the same period was 13.7%.
 
Michigan Gross Sales and iLottery Penetration
 


$0
$15
$39
$62
$77
$96
$159
 
iLottery Gross Sales from Instants / Capita
______________________
Source: Michigan Lottery, GamblingCompliance. Represents fiscal years.
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Over this same period, gross sales from Instants in Michigan have grown significantly faster than lottery sales in Michigan and elsewhere in the United States.
   
Michigan Lottery Outperformance: Gross Sales CAGR (2014-2020)(1)
 

​​
______________________
Source: Michigan Lottery, GamblingCompliance. Represents fiscal years.
 
(1)  Some states calculate gross sales in different ways than others. In New Hampshire, for example, the reported total lottery gross sales includes the GGR from iLottery Instants as opposed to the gross sales from iLottery instants. Due to a lack of uniform disclosure and available information, this figure is based on the sales as reported for all states excluding Michigan.

This increase in gross sales directly leads to a surge in GGR, on which our revenues are based. The below table presents Michigan’s iLottery GGR from Instants by fiscal year, including the most recent fiscal year ended September 30, 2020. In the most recent fiscal year, GGR per capita from Instants was $22.
 
Michigan iLottery GGR from Instants ($mm, Except Per Capita)
 
 
______________________
Source: Michigan Lottery, GamblingCompliance. Represents fiscal years.

Our more recent turnkey solution launches have experienced even quicker success than we experienced in Michigan, driven by our improved product, operational acumen, and favorable market conditions. In Virginia, for example, we launched our turnkey solution in July 2020 and experienced first month per capita sales of $4.06.
37


 
First Month Per Capita iLottery Sales
 

 
______________________
Source: iGBNorth America

In its half year of operations, the VAL saw $281.3 million in gross sales, representing 19% of the VAL’s gross sales in H2 2020.
 
iLottery Penetration (Instants) by State (FY 2020)
 

 
 

______________________
Source: State lottery commissions.
 
(1)  Represents VAL’s total (Instants and DBG) iLottery Penetration in the first six months of operation (July - December 2020).

Based on our prior experience in certain European markets, we believe there remains considerable room for growth above our current level of iLottery Penetration. Leveraging our operational expertise and technology, we plan to work closely with our customers to strengthen the reach of our offering in each market.

Increase Scope of Existing Customer Contracts

Certain of our contracts only include some of the platforms and services we can provide. We believe there is significant potential to offer additional games and services, including feature enhancements, to our existing customers in the future. For example, when we procured our contract with the VAL in 2015, we offered only online subscription DBGs. However, following a recent change in legislation, in March 2020, the VAL chose to expand our contract to include both Instants and DBG offerings. The offering under the expanded contract launched in July 2020 and has an initial term through 2026 plus the option to extend for five additional years. A number of our contracts are in their early years and, as such, provide us ample time to expand the offerings we provide to our existing customers.

We believe the scope of services that we can provide to our current customers is broad, as evidenced by our most recent turnkey customer contract, launched in September 2020, pursuant to which we provide the AGLC with their full suite of online gaming offerings including iLottery, casino games, sports betting, poker, live dealer games and bingo. This contract, which includes a seven-year initial term and a five-year extension option, grants NPI the right to create and power the only regulated gaming website in Alberta. We are also responsible for marketing initiatives undertaken by the lottery, which we believe will enhance the overall experience for players. The province of Alberta has a population of 4.4 million, and in fiscal year 2020 the AGLC had sales of C$917.9 million, according to the AGLC 2019-2020 Annual Report. On September 30, 2020, the AGLC officially launched its offering, PlayAlberta, powered by our turnkey solution.
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We have gained substantial knowledge about the iLottery market and its participants in the past decade through our operations in Europe and the United States, and our experience provides us with a deep understanding of the characteristics of iLottery players, allowing us to customize our solutions to such players’ needs and interests. We believe this will lead to a stronger relationship with our customers.

Win New Contracts in the United States

In addition to investing in the growth of our existing contracts, we continuously seek to expand our operations by securing new contracts. While lottery is offered in 45 states and the District of Columbia, iLottery Instants or DBGs are currently offered in only nine states and the District of Columbia as depicted in the map below (excluding states that offer only subscription-based iLottery). We believe that many more states will elect to offer iLottery, and we believe we will continue to win new contracts.

 
Current United States iLottery Landscape
 
 
Population in U.S. States with State Lotteries
 
______________________
Sources: La Fleur’s 2020 World Lottery Almanac; Eilers & Krejcik Gaming.
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Grow our Game Studio Customer Base

As we have observed in the evolution of iGaming, where the market moved from single content vendors to a large number of content providers, the strong performance of our games places us in a good position to capitalize on the content expansion trend that is now beginning to develop in the lottery market as we see lotteries look for new and innovative games from providers other than their incumbent iLottery provider. Our ‘Queen of Diamonds’ game was named the world’s highest grossing iLottery game in 2017 by La Fleur’s magazine.

We intend to further expand our revenue base by offering our popular iLottery games to new customers who use the platforms of other iLottery providers. We currently operate four contracts in Europe pursuant to which we only provide games, and we plan to expand this offering model into the United States. This will allow us to realize a greater share of iLottery GGR and to benefit from additional states adding an iLottery offering.

We expect that this expanded offering of our games will be enhanced by upward trends in the market related particularly to Instants. In iLottery, as in traditional lottery, Instants are more popular in North America than in Europe, representing 75.7% of the North American iLottery market in 2019 compared to only 12.0% of the European iLottery market, according to La Fleur’s 2020 Internet Report. In the United States, the popularity of Instants has contributed to the growth in lottery sales as a whole. We also believe that Instants benefit from a “cross-sell” of players acquired through the more commonly known DBGs but attracted to Instants for their entertaining experience. As a market leader in online Instants, we are well positioned to take advantage of this potential market opportunity.
 
Michigan: Gross Sales from Instants as a Percentage of Total Lottery Gross Sales
 

 
 
Source: Michigan State Lottery. Represents fiscal years.
 
Michigan and New Hampshire iLottery Revenue (FY 2020)
 
 
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Expanding our Range of Offerings and Geographical Presence

We are currently focused on expanding our North American business to become the dominant iLottery provider in the market. In doing so, we invest our resources and expertise into building top-tier iLottery technology and content. With a history of successful iLottery offerings developed for the North American market, we believe we have the ability to expand our offerings around the world. While we are currently focused on the North American market, we may decide to pursue additional opportunities around the world in the future.

We have already demonstrated our ability to provide successful offerings internationally. Our contract with Sazka in the Czech Republic was signed in 2015 and was renewed in 2020 for a term that extends through 2025. This contract includes a full online gaming solution with Instants, DBGs, and online casino, as well as the integration of a sport betting solution. The Czech Republic has a population of 10.7 million, and Sazka generated €286 million of revenue in the Czech Republic in fiscal year 2019, according to Sazka’s annual report.

Furthermore, while we have focused our efforts on iLottery technology and content so far, we may decide to pursue additional opportunities, such as the offering of gaming products like online casino and sports betting. As demonstrated by our PAM development for William Hill and the broad scope of services we provide to Sazka and the AGLC, we believe that we can expand our offering to other gaming products.

Impact of COVID-19

As a leading provider of iLottery solutions, we have seen significant growth in revenues from existing and new players in recent months, as the COVID-19 pandemic has shifted players to online entertainment. NGR for the year ended December 31, 2020 increased by 101.2% and 122.3% in Michigan and New Hampshire, respectively, relative to the year ended December 31, 2019, while monthly active players increased by 48.1% and 53.6% in Michigan and New Hampshire, respectively, between the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2020.

Our costs in the year ended December 31, 2020 increased by 79.5% compared to the year ended December 31, 2019. This increase was mainly attributable to an increases in clearing and know your customer fees due to increased traffic in our Michigan and New Hampshire operations.

The increase in the relative use of online lottery platforms has allowed us to introduce our products to a new group of potential players gravitating to the online space (such as older generations and traditional lottery players), significantly increasing our player base. While the lasting impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the iLottery market is uncertain, we believe that the changes in player behaviors may have a permanent effect on the lottery market and our business.

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and the shift to online entertainment, certain states, such as Massachusetts, that do not operate an online lottery platform have faced significant pressure from various stakeholders to authorize an iLottery offering in an effort to counteract the substantial decrease in the traditional retail lottery traffic. In addition, certain state lotteries, such as the VAL, have begun expediting their regulatory approval process to build their online presence.

Intellectual property

We currently own most of the intellectual property required for our operations and control the remainder of the intellectual property required for our operations through a perpetual, assignable license. We are in the process of replacing the intellectual property that we do not own with our own technology.

Most of the intellectual property we use is created by us or by related parties. See Item 7.B. “Related Party Transactions - Relationship with Aspire - Aspire Software License Agreement.” We have also obtained rights to use intellectual property of third parties through licenses and service agreements with those third parties. Although we believe these licenses are sufficient for the current operation of the company, such licenses typically limit our use of the third parties’ intellectual property to specific uses and for specific time periods. We believe that we have the personnel needed to manage and adapt our intellectual property as necessary to support our business operations.

Most of our intellectual property is in the form of rights in software code and trade secrets that we use in the operation of our iLottery offering and related services, as well as registered and unregistered trademarks. We rely on a combination of copyright, trademark and trade secret laws in the United States and other jurisdictions, as well as license agreements and other contractual protections, to protect our proprietary technology. We also protect our intellectual property rights by implementing a policy that requires our employees and independent contractors involved in development of intellectual property to enter into agreements acknowledging that all intellectual property generated or conceived by them on our behalf are our property, and assigning to us any rights that they may claim or otherwise have in those works or property, to the extent allowable under applicable law. Our confidential information is protected by a combination of information security systems and non-disclosure agreements with third parties, including our employees and independent contractors.
41


Our agreements with business partners and lotteries to which we provide our iLottery offering and services contain provisions safeguarding our rights to our intellectual property.

Regulation

The operation of lotteries in the United States and internationally is subject to extensive regulation. Although certain features of a lottery (such as the limited number of lotteries, the percentage of gross sales that must be paid back to players in prize money and the allocation of revenues generated from gross sales) are usually set by legislation, lottery regulatory authorities (and, occasionally, the lottery corporation itself) generally exercise significant discretion, including with respect to the determination of the types of games played, the price of each wager, the manner in which the lottery is marketed and the selection of suppliers of equipment, technology and services, and retailers of lottery products.

To ensure the integrity of contract awards and lottery operations, most U.S. jurisdictions require detailed background disclosure on a continuous basis from, and conduct background investigations of, vendors and their officers, directors, subsidiaries, affiliates and principal stockholders. Background investigations of the vendors’ employees who will be directly responsible for the operation of lottery systems are also occasionally conducted and most states reserve the right to require the removal of employees who they deem to be unsuitable or whose presence they believe may adversely affect the operational security or integrity of the lottery. Certain jurisdictions also require extensive personal and financial disclosure and background checks from persons and entities that hold (either legally, beneficially or through voting rights) a specified percentage (typically five percent or more) of a vendor’s securities. Although most jurisdictions provide that “institutional investors” (as defined by a particular jurisdiction) can seek a waiver of these requirements, the granting of such a waiver may be conditioned on a regulatory investigation designed to ascertain that the applicant meets the definition of “institutional investor.”

The failure of our officers, directors and holders of our Ordinary Shares to submit to background checks and provide such disclosure could result in the imposition of penalties and could jeopardize the award of a contract to us or provide grounds for termination of an existing contract. Generally, any person or entity who fails or refuses to apply for a finding of suitability or a license within the prescribed period after being advised by a competent authority that such person or entity is required to do so may be found unsuitable or denied a license, as applicable. If any director, officer, employee or significant shareholder is found unsuitable (including due to the failure to submit required documentation) by a competent regulator or authority, we may deem it necessary, or be required, to sever our relationship with such person or entity.

Furthermore, we may be subject to disciplinary action or our licenses may be in peril if, after we receive notice that a person or entity is unsuitable, we (i) pay that person or entity any dividend or interest upon our Ordinary Shares, (ii) allow that person or entity to exercise, directly or indirectly, any voting right conferred through Ordinary Shares held by that person or entity, (iii) pay remuneration in any form to that person or entity for services rendered or otherwise or (iv) fail to pursue all lawful efforts to require such unsuitable person or entity to relinquish its Ordinary Shares.

Subject to all applicable law and regulation, our articles of association provide for the suspension of certain rights attached to our Ordinary Shares that are held by unsuitable shareholders and the disposal of any of our Ordinary Shares owned or controlled by an unsuitable person or its affiliates by transfer to one or more third-party transferees. If such unsuitable person fails to dispose of our Ordinary Shares within the required period of time, we may in good faith dispose (or procure the disposal) of such Ordinary Shares to a designated third party at the highest price reasonably attainable or, subject to applicable law and regulation and our articles of association, acquire such Ordinary Shares by way of a redemption.

The award of lottery contracts and ongoing operations of lotteries in international jurisdictions are also extensively regulated, although international regulations typically vary from those prevailing in the United States and tend to focus more on the vendor and its senior management, rather than on individual shareholders.
42


Social Responsibility and Responsible Gaming

We are committed to the integration of corporate social responsibility within our businesses, supporting the continued generation of sustainable value and enhancing our ability to deliver on its strategic objectives. We believe that our true value is reflected not simply by our balance sheet but through our intangible assets such as goodwill, our people and our reputation. As a leader in the iLottery industry, we take our responsibilities to our customers and regulators seriously and are focused on cooperating with both on issues of responsible gambling. We provide our customers with robust solutions that facilitate responsible gaming for players, including embedded systems that assist in ensuring a safe playing environment for all. By embracing policies and behaviors governing social responsibility, we create more valuable relationships with our stakeholders by demonstrating our focus on managing material non-financial risks in the business.

Our responsible gaming platform features include:


Advanced self-management module, which enables players to define their responsible gaming limits within a wide range of parameters;


Operator-controlled module, which enables lottery customers to define and enforce policies and limitations on their players; and


Application programming interface, which connects to government and other gaming databases to provide in-game alerts to remind players to play responsibly.

4.C.          Organizational Structure
 
The legal name of our company is NeoGames S.A., and we are organized under the laws of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. We have four wholly-owned subsidiaries: Neogames Systems Ltd. which is incorporated under the laws of the State of Israel; Neogames Ukraine, which is incorporated under the laws of Ukraine; Neogames S.R.O, which is incorporated under the laws the Czech Republic; and Neogames US LLP, which is incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware. We have two entities that we hold through Neogames US LLP: one wholly-owned subsidiary, Neogames Solutions LLC, which is incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware, and one joint venture, NeoPollard Interative LLC, in which we hold a fifty percent membership interest and which is incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware.

NeoGames Corporate Structure

 
4.D.          Property, Plants and Equipment
 
The Company has an office in Tel Aviv, Israel, where it leases approximately 27,200 square feet of office space. The lease for this facility had an initial term of 60 months from the commencement date, and was extended until January 31, 2022. A large part of our development team is located in Kyiv, Ukraine, where we lease approximately 17,500 square feet of office space. The lease for this facility will expire on January 15, 2024. NPI serves our iLottery customers in North America through an office space of approximately 18,100 square feet in Lansing, Michigan, USA. This facility is leased by Pollard iLottery Inc., and because it is used solely for the benefit of the operations of NPI and the MSL, the Company participates in 50% of its monthly costs. The original lease agreement for the facility expired on March 31, 2020, and was recently extended by seven years until March 31, 2027.
43


We believe that our current facilities are adequate to meet our needs for the near future and that suitable additional or alternative space will be available on commercially reasonable terms to accommodate our foreseeable future operations.
 
ITEM 4A.          UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
 
None.
 
 ITEM 5.           OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our consolidated financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements and involves numerous risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, those described in the “Risk Factors” section of this Annual Report. Actual results could differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS. See Item 3.D. “Key Information - Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Our Company

We are a technology-driven business that is an innovator in the lottery industry. As a global B2G and B2B technology and service provider to state lotteries and other lottery operators, we offer our customers a full-service solution that includes all of the elements required for the offering of lottery games including Instants and DBGs via personal computers, smartphones and handheld devices. These elements include technology platforms, a range of value-added services and a game studio with a large portfolio of games. The value-added services that we offer facilitate various aspects of the iLottery offering including regulation and compliance, payment processing, risk management, player relationship management and player value optimization. Our complete solution allows our customers to enjoy the benefits of marketing their brands and generating traffic to their iLottery sales channels. We believe that we are the only full-service company exclusively focused on the iLottery industry.

NeoGames was established as an independent company in 2014, following a spin-off from Aspire. Prior to the spin-off from Aspire, our management team was responsible for the iLottery business of Aspire, which derived the majority of its revenues from the sale of iLottery games to various lotteries in Europe. In 2014, we began to focus on the U.S. iLottery market, which opened in 2012 with the introduction of online lottery ticket sales in Illinois. In order to access this significant market opportunity, we partnered with Pollard, one of the leading vendors to the global lottery industry. In 2014, we entered into our first turnkey solution contract in the United States with the MSL, as a sub-contractor to Pollard.

In July 2014 we formed NPI, a joint venture with Pollard, for the purpose of identifying, pursuing, winning and executing iLottery contracts in the North American lottery market. NPI combines the Company’s technology and iLottery business and operational experience with Pollard’s infrastructure, administrative capabilities and relationships with lotteries in North America. NPI is managed by an executive board of four members, consisting of two members appointed by NeoGames and two members appointed by Pollard. NPI has its own general manager and dedicated workforce and operates as a separate entity. However, it relies on NeoGames and Pollard for certain services, such as technology development, business operations and support services from NeoGames and corporate services, including legal, banking and certain human resources services, from Pollard.

Since its inception, NPI has secured iLottery contracts with the VAL, the NHL (as a sub-contractor to Intralot), the NCEL and the AGLC. All of our iLottery business in North America is conducted through NPI, except in Michigan, where the contract is between the MSL and Pollard and we support the Michigan iLottery as a subcontractor of Pollard. We continue to conduct all of our business outside of North America through NeoGames.
44


Our Customer Contracts

The core of our business model is our turnkey solution, which is our main revenue generator and the area in which we invest most of our time and resources. Turnkey contracts generate long-term revenue streams that we believe we can increase over time, as in Michigan, to provide a strong return on investment.

We currently have, directly and through Pollard, Intralot and NPI, contracts to provide a turnkey solution to the MSL, the VAL, the NHL, the NCEL, the AGLC and Sazka. We already generate revenues from all of these contracts. Our turnkey solution for the Michigan iLottery launched in August 2014, followed by our turnkey solution for Sazka, which launched in 2017. The rest of our turnkey contracts are in the early stages. Our turnkey solutions for the NHL and NCEL were launched in September 2018 and October 2019, respectively, and the VAL began operating a full iLottery program in July 2020 and our turnkey solution for the AGLC launched on September 30, 2020.

In addition to our long-term turnkey contracts, we currently have five games contracts with European customers, and we believe that we will secure additional games contracts in Europe and the United States in the future. Because we utilize the games that we develop for our turnkey contracts, our marginal costs for every additional games contract are not significant. We therefore expect that as we increase our number of games contracts, our revenues from games contracts will become a more significant part of our overall revenues, positively impacting our profitability.

For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, we generated 13.6% and 17.1% of our revenues, respectively, from our contracts with William Hill and 4.9% and 12.4% of our revenues, respectively, from our contracts with the Aspire Group. In the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, we generated 17.1% and 10.4% of our revenues, respectively, from our contracts with William Hill and 12.4% and 14.6% of our revenues, respectively, from our contracts with the Aspire Group. Although we expect these contracts to continue to represent a significant portion of our revenues over the next few years, we expect that the proportion of our revenues generated from William Hill and the Aspire Group will decline over time.

We generated 80.0% and 69.1% of our revenues from North America in the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Separately, NPI generates 100% of its revenues from North America.

NeoPollard Interactive

We also generated 9.0% and 8.8% of our revenues in the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, from services provided to NPI, such as development services. In addition, we account for the financial results of NPI in our financial statements in accordance with the equity method. Although NPI’s results of operations can materially impact our profit (loss), the results of operations of NPI are only reflected in one line item in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) (Company’s share in gains (losses) of Joint Venture) and our revenue and operating expenses do not reflect the results of operations of NPI.

However, we have included the audited financial statements of NPI for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 in this Annual Report. In order to provide more visibility into the results of operations of NPI, we have also included under “- Results of Operations of NPI” below a discussion of the period to period comparison of NPI’s results of operations.

Factors Affecting our Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Our financial condition and results of operations have been, and will continue to be, affected by a number of important factors, including the following:

iLottery Penetration

The iLottery Penetration in each of the markets where we provide our turnkey solution varies and is dependent on a number of factors, including the range of iLottery products provided, the acceptable forms of payments and iLottery marketing budgets. The level of iLottery Penetration in any market where we operate has a direct impact on our or NPI’s revenues and any increase in iLottery Penetration is expected to increase such revenues.

Deregulation of lotteries in the United States

Lottery is a highly regulated industry. While lottery is offered in 45 states and the District of Columbia, iLottery Instants or DBGs are currently offered in only nine states and the District of Columbia (excluding states that offer only subscription-based iLottery). Expanding our business into additional U.S. states is an important part of our growth strategy and it is our belief that the growing credibility and brand awareness of certain iLottery platform and service providers, the demonstrated success of states with iLottery offerings and the increasing budgetary shortfalls in many U.S. states will accelerate the pace of deregulation and increase our growth potential.
45


The level of competition in the iLottery industry and the number of competitors

The iLottery industry is less exposed to new market entrants than other gambling markets due to the considerable barriers to entry imposed by government regulations and the need for unique and iLottery-tailored technology solutions. There is, however, intense competition among the few existing iLottery providers with respect to new iLottery contracts. We compete both for contracts to supply our turnkey solution and for contracts to supply our games.

The level of competition and number of competitors in our market is an important factor affecting our ability to win new contracts and to expand our business.

Key Performance Indicators

We use a multitude of key performance indicators (“KPIs”) on a daily basis to monitor our operations and inform decisions to drive further growth.

The KPIs included below offer a perspective on the historical performance of our platform in the aggregate across jurisdictions in which we operate. We believe these are useful indicators of the overall health of our business.

Network GGR

We define “GGR” as gross sales less winnings paid to players. We measure Network GGR as the total GGR generated by Instants and DBGs on our platform. We spend substantial time and efforts assisting our customers in increasing their GGR through our marketing and player acquisition tools. Tracking our network GGR provides us with valuable insight as to the level of effectiveness of such tools and their implementation.

    Year Ended December 31,  
    2020     2019    
2018
 
    (in millions)  
                 
Network GGR
 
$
482
    $
213
   
$
153
 

Network NGR

We define “NGR” as (i) in North America, gross sales less winnings paid to players and any promotion dollar incentives granted to players, and (ii) in Europe, gross sales less winnings paid to players, any gambling tax or duty paid on such sales and any promotion dollar incentives granted to players. We measure Network NGR as the total NGR generated by Instants and DBGs on our platform.

As most of our revenue share contracts are based on NGR, tracking Network NGR provides us with insight as to the marginal contribution of GGR growth to our revenues and allows us to detect inefficiencies in our GGR growth strategy.

 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2020
   
2019
   
2018
 
         
(in millions)
       
                 
Network NGR
 
$
448
   
$
203
   
$
147
 

46

Monthly active players

We define an “active player” as a player who took at least one action on our platform in any given month that resulted in a financial transaction. We track the number of active players for each of the customers using our turnkey solution. We define “monthly active players” for a given period as the average of the number of active players in each month during that period.

By measuring the number of monthly active players, we can track player rate of adoption of our interactive products and the effectiveness of marketing and retention activities being executed by our customers.

 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2020
   
2019
   
2018
 
Monthly active players
   
437,524
     
277,005
     
207,349
 

Non-IFRS Information

This Annual Report includes EBIT, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA, which are financial measures not presented in accordance with IFRS that we use to supplement our results presented in accordance with IFRS. We define “EBIT” as net profit (loss), plus income taxes, and interest and finance-related expenses. We define “EBITDA” as EBIT, plus depreciation and amortization. We define Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA, plus initial public offering expenses, share-based compensation and the Company’s share of NPI’s depreciation.

We believe EBIT, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are useful in evaluating our operating performance, as they are similar to measures reported by other public companies in our industry and are regularly used by security analysts, institutional investors and others in analyzing operating performance and prospects. Adjusted EBITDA is not intended to be a substitute for any IFRS financial measure and, as calculated, may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of performance of other companies in other industries or within the same industry.

We include these non-IFRS financial measures because they are used by our management to evaluate our operating performance and trends and to make strategic decisions regarding the allocation of capital and new investments. EBIT, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA exclude certain expenses that are required in accordance with IFRS because they are non-cash or are not associated with the operational activity of the business.

The following table reconciles our EBIT, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to our net and total comprehensive income (loss), the closest IFRS measure, for the periods indicated:

 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2020
   
2019
 
 
(in thousands)
 
           
Net and total comprehensive income (loss)
 
$
6,514
   
$
(3,978
)
Income taxes
   
1,443
     
1,243
 
Interest and finance-related expenses
   
5,069
     
4,121
 
EBIT
   
13,026
     
1,386
 
Depreciation and amortization
   
11,657
     
9,685
 
EBITDA
   
24,683
     
11,071
 
Initial public offering expenses
   
2,796
     
-
 
Share based compensation
   
969
     
615
 
Company share of NPI depreciation (1)
   
203
     
168
 
Adjusted EBITDA
 
$
28,651
   
$
11,854
 


(1)  Represents 50% of NPI’s depreciation for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 of $405,000 and $335,000, respectively. In accordance with IFRS, NeoGames’ share of NPI’s expense is not recorded in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss), but is rather reflected in our consolidated financial statements in accordance with the equity method, as we share in 50% of the profit (loss) of NPI. See Note 7A to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

47


Components of Results of Operations

Revenues

We generate revenues from our turnkey solutions, games, our contracts with William Hill and the Aspire Group, the joint operation of the iLottery for the MSL (the “Michigan Joint Operation”) and development services we provide to NPI.

Our turnkey solution contracts and certain of our games contracts provide for a revenue share model that entitles us, either directly, or indirectly through Pollard, Intralot or NPI, to a predetermined share of either the NGR or the GGR generated by iLotteries using our platforms and/or games. Our share of NGR or GGR varies between customers and generally depends on the type and scope of value-added services provided to the customer. Our contract with Jogos Santa Casa for providing games in Portugal is the only contract we have that is based on a fixed fee per annum. We entered into this contract on September 24, 2019 for a fixed fee of EUR 2,670,000, which we recognize as revenue on a straight-line basis over the contract’s three-year term. Our contract with Intralot Interactive S.A for providing games to the Croatian lottery is the only contract we have that is based on gross sales. The initial term of this contract expired in 2014 and the contract has been renewed for 12-month periods, with the most recent renewal extending the contract to December 31, 2021. This contract provides for a fee that is determined based on the volume of tickets sold by the customer.

We record as revenues at least 50% of the revenues earned by the Michigan Joint Operation from the MSL, with an incremental 3 to 5% above our 50% share of royalties earned by the Michigan Joint Operation from certain games subsequently developed and provided by NeoGames as compensation for our development of such games. We record as revenues 100% of the revenues earned from our European customers.

As with the Michigan JV Agreement, we are entitled to at least 50% of the revenues earned by NPI from our customers, with an incremental 3 to 5% above our 50% share of royalties earned by NPI from certain games subsequently developed and provided by NeoGames as compensation for our development of such games (which we refer to collectively as our “NPI Revenues Interest”). However, while our revenues earned from the Michigan Joint Operation are reflected as revenues in our consolidated statement of operations, our NPI Revenues Interest is not recorded as revenues, but is rather reflected in our financial statements in accordance with the equity method. We share in 50% of the profit (loss) of NPI, subject to certain adjustments (including the incremental royalties mentioned above).

We generate revenues from William Hill in the form of a monthly fee charged to William Hill for its use of the sub-licensed NeoSphere platform. The monthly fee is calculated on a margin over cost basis.

We also record as revenue a monthly fee we receive from each of Aspire, the Michigan Joint Operation and NPI for certain software development and support services, which is calculated on a margin over cost basis.

The table below presents the royalties and other revenues generated by NeoGames (including through the Michigan Joint Operation), as well as NeoGames’ NPI Revenues Interest, for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.
48



 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2020
   
2019
 
 
(in thousands)
 
           
Royalties from turnkey contracts(1)
 
$
32,252
   
$
17,240
 
Royalties from games contracts
   
2,006
     
2,189
 
Use of IP rights
   
6,697
     
5,662
 
Development and other services - Aspire
   
2,430
     
4,099
 
Development and other services - NPI(2)
   
4,404
     
2,914
 
Development and other services - Michigan Joint Operation
   
1,413
     
958
 
Revenues
 
$
49,202
   
$
33,062
 
NeoGames’ NPI Revenues Interest(3)
 
$
9,535
   
$
1,956
 


(1)  Includes NeoGames’ revenues from the Michigan Joint Operation and Sazka.
 
(2)  Represents revenues recognized by NeoGames for services provided to NPI. Such amounts were also recognized as expenses by NPI. We share in 50% of the profit (loss) of NPI.
 
(3)  Represents 50% of NPI’s revenues in the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 of $18.0 million and $3.7 million, respectively, plus an incremental $519 thousand and $86 thousand, respectively, of royalties from certain games as compensation for our subsequent development of such games. We refer to this, collectively, as our “NPI Revenues Interest” - however, in accordance with IFRS, our NPI Revenues Interest is not recorded as revenues in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss), but is rather reflected in our consolidated financial statements in accordance with the equity method, as we share in 50% of the profit (loss) of NPI subject to certain adjustments (including the incremental royalties mentioned above). See Note 7A to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

Operating expenses

Distribution expenses. Distribution expenses are primarily comprised of traffic-related costs, including processing fees (including geo-location costs and ID verification costs), call center expenses (including hardware and software maintenance costs, and telecommunication expenses), personnel-related costs associated with these functions and occupancy costs associated with the facilities where these functions are performed.

Development expenses. Our research and development expenses are primarily comprised of costs of our research and development personnel, contractor services in Ukraine and other development-related expenses. Research and development costs are expensed when incurred, except to the extent that such costs qualify for capitalization. We believe continued investments in research and development are important to maintain our competitive strengths and expect research and development costs to increase in absolute dollars, but to decrease as a percentage of total revenues.

Selling and marketing expenses. Our selling and marketing expenses are primarily comprised of costs of our marketing personnel, travel expenses and other sales and marketing-related expenses. Selling and marketing expenses are expensed as incurred. We intend to continue to invest in our sales and marketing capabilities in the future to continue to increase our brand awareness and, although our selling and marketing expenses have decreased in recent periods due to the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on international traveling, conventions and marketing events, we expect these costs to increase on an absolute dollar basis as we grow our business.

General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses primarily include costs of our executive, finance, legal, business development and other administrative personnel and service providers. General and administrative expenses are expensed as incurred. We expect that our general and administrative expenses will increase in absolute dollars for the foreseeable future as we expand our business, as well as to cover the additional cost and expenses associated with becoming a publicly listed company.

Depreciation and amortization

Our depreciation and amortization expenses are primarily comprised of amortization of capitalized research and development costs we incur in connection with our technical group personnel. We amortize these capitalized costs on a straight-line basis beginning when development is complete and the asset is available for use and continuing over their useful life, which we define as three years. We began to follow the directives of IFRS 16 in 2019, recognizing the annual costs of our leased premises within the amount of depreciation and amortization expenses.
49


Interest expense with respect to funding from related parties

Our interest expenses are primarily comprised of interest we incur on loans under the WH Credit Facility and the Promissory Notes (each as defined in Item 7.B. “Related Party Transactions”). For more information, see Item 7.B. “Related Party Transactions.”

Income taxes expense

We are subject to Luxembourg corporation taxes on profits derived from activities carried out in Luxembourg. NeoGames Systems Ltd. (“NGS”), our Israeli subsidiary, is subject to Israeli corporate tax. NPI, NeoGames US, LLP and NeoGames Solutions LLC are subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as certain state income taxes. Due to the resources invested in growing and developing our business, we have a recent history of generating losses. As of December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, we had cumulative carry forward tax losses generated of $59.9 million, $63.0 million and $54.7 million, respectively.

Company’s share in gains (losses) of Joint Venture

We own 50% of the equity of NPI and we record 50% of NPI’s profit or loss as our profit or loss, as adjusted to compensate the Company for our games development and DBG sales.

5.A.          Results of Operations

For a discussion of our and NPI’s results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2018, including a year-to-year comparison between 2019 and 2018, refer to “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Results of Operations—Year ended December 31, 2019 compared to year ended December 31, 2018” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Results of Operations of NPI—Year ended December 31, 2019 compared to year ended December 31, 2018” in our final prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(4) on November 20, 2020, which is incorporated by reference herein.

The following tables set forth our results of operations in U.S. dollars and as a percentage of total revenues for the periods presented.

 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2020
   
2019
 
 
(in thousands)
 
             
Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:
 
   
 
Revenues
 
$
49,202
   
$
33,062
 
Distribution expenses
   
6,685
     
4,252
 
Development expenses
   
7,452
     
6,877
 
Selling and marketing expenses
   
1,483
     
1,981
 
General and administrative expenses
   
7,496
     
4,957
 
Initial public offering expenses
   
2,796
     
-
 
Depreciation and amortization
   
11,657
     
9,685
 
Profit (loss) from operations
   
11,633
     
5,310
 
Interest expense with respect to funding from related parties
   
4,343
     
3,792
 
Finance income
   
(21
)
   
(53
)
Finance expenses
   
747
     
382
 
Profit (loss) before income taxes expense
   
6,564
     
1,189
 
Income taxes expense
   
(1,443
)
   
(1,243
)
Profit (loss) after income taxes expense
   
5,121
     
(54
)
Company’s share in gains (losses) of Joint Venture
   
1,393
     
(3,924
)
Net and total comprehensive income (loss)
 
$
6,514
   
$
(3,978
)

50


 
 
 
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2020
   
2019
 
 
(as a % of revenues in absolute numbers)
 
           
Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:
 
   
 
Revenues
   
100.0
%
   
100.0
%
Distribution expenses
   
13.6
     
12.9
 
Development expenses
   
15.1
     
20.8
 
Selling and marketing expenses
   
3.0
     
6.0
 
General and administrative expenses
   
15.2
     
15.0
 
Initial public offering expenses
   
5.7
     
0.0
 
Depreciation and amortization
   
23.7
     
29.3
 
Profit (loss) from operations
   
23.6
     
16.0
 
Interest expense with respect to funding from related
parties
   
8.8
     
11.5
 
Finance income
   
0.0
     
0.2
 
Finance expenses
   
1.5
     
1.2
 
Profit (loss) before income taxes expense
   
13.3
     
3.6
 
Income taxes expense
   
2.9
     
3.8
 
Profit (loss) after income taxes expense
   
10.4
     
0.2
 
Company’s share in gains (losses) of Joint Venture
   
2.8
     
11.9
 
Net and total comprehensive income (loss)
   
13.2
%
   
12.0
%

Year ended December 31, 2020 compared to year ended December 31, 2019

Revenues

Revenues for the year ended December 31, 2020 were $49.2 million, an increase of $16.1 million, or 48.8%, compared to $33.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Revenues from our turnkey solution contracts increased in 2020 by 87.1% to $32.3 million, compared to $17.2 million in 2019. The increase was primarily driven by an increase in the NGR generated by the MSL and Sazka.

Revenues from our games decreased in 2020 by 8.4% to $2 million, compared to $2.2 million in 2019.

Revenues from our contracts with William Hill and Aspire and certain software services we provide to NPI increased by 9.6% in 2020 to $14.9 million, compared to $13.6 million in 2019. This increase was primarily driven by a full year of revenue generated from William Hill’s platform access associated with rolling out the solution into a larger number of states, and by an increase of 51.1% in the revenue generated from NPI due to the launch of our turnkey solution for the AGLC in September 2020.
51


Distribution expenses

Distribution expenses for the year ended December 31, 2020 were $6.7 million, an increase of $2.4 million, or 57.2%, compared to $4.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. The increase was primarily driven by an increase of $4.0 million in processing fees due to an increase of 101.7% in MSL revenues compared to the year ended December 31, 2019.

Development expenses

Development expenses for the year ended December 31, 2020 were $7.5 million, an increase of $0.6 million, or 8.4%, compared to $6.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. The increase was primarily driven by the recruitment of additional employees in our Ukraine and Tel Aviv research and development centers.

Selling and marketing expenses

Selling and marketing expenses for the year ended December 31, 2020 were $1.5 million, a decrease of $0.5 million, or 25.1%, compared to $2.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. The decrease was primarily driven by a decrease in travel expenses due to the effect of COVID-19 on international traveling, conventions and marketing events.

General and administrative expenses

General and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2020 were $7.5 million, an increase of $2.5 million, or 51.2%, compared to $5.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. The increase was primarily driven by the addition of employees in our Tel Aviv office and bonus provisions for certain key employees. In addition, the increase was due to additional professional fees following the change from a private to a public company.

Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation and amortization for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $11.7 million, an increase of $2 million, or 20.4%, compared to $9.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. The increase was primarily driven by an increase in the amortization of our capitalized software costs.

Interest expense with respect to funding from related parties

Interest expense with respect to funding from related parties for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $4.3 million, an increase of $0.5 million, or 14.5%, compared to $3.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. The increase was primarily driven by the annual amount associated with the discount amortization schedule for the Promissory Notes.

Income taxes expense

Income taxes expense for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $1.4 million, an increase of $0.2 million, or 16.1%, compared to $1.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Company’s share in gains (losses) of Joint Venture

Our share in the profit incurred by NPI for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $1.4 million, an increase of $5.3 million compared to $3.9 million losses for the year ended December 31, 2019. This increase was primarily driven by an increase of $7.6 million in the revenues generated under our turnkey solutions with the VAL, NHL and NCEL and the new solution with the AGLC.
52


Results of Operations of NPI

 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2020
   
2019
 
 
(in thousands)
 
Revenues
 
$
18,032
   
$
3,740
 
Distribution expenses
   
16,116
     
10,480
 
Selling, general and marketing expenses
   
776
     
1,067
 
Depreciation
   
405
     
335
 
Net and total comprehensive income (loss)
 
$
735
   
$
(8,142
)
Net and total comprehensive income (loss) 50%
   
367
     
(4,071
)
Adjustments
   
1,026
     
147
 
Share in profits (losses) of NPI
   
1,393
     
(3,924
)

Year ended December 31, 2020 compared to year ended December 31, 2019

Revenue

Revenues for the year ended December 31, 2020 were $18.0 million, an increase of $14.3 million, or 382.1%, compared to $3.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. This increase was primarily driven by an increase in the revenues generated under our turnkey solutions with the VAL, NHL and NCEL and the new solution with the AGLC.

Distribution expenses

Distribution expenses for the year ended December 31, 2020 were $16.1 million, an increase of $5.6 million, or 53.8% compared to $10.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. This increase was primarily driven by the set-up costs associated with the launch of our turnkey solution for the AGLC and by increase in processing fees due to increase in revenues.

Selling, general and marketing expenses

Selling and marketing expenses for the year ended December 31, 2020 were $0.8 million, a decrease of $0.3 million, or 27.3% compared to $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. This decrease was primarily driven by a decrease in marketing expenses due to the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on conventions and marketing events and by the legal charges incurred by NPI in the litigation with the DoJ in 2019.

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Critical accounting policies are those that are the most important to the portrayal of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations, and that require the most difficult, subjective and complex judgments. While the Company’s and NPI’s significant accounting policies are described in more detail in the notes to their respective consolidated financial statements, the most critical accounting policies, discussed below, pertain to areas where judgment of management, historical factors and estimates require a high degree of involvement when determining the final reported balance in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Funding transactions with related parties

The fair values of our funding transactions with related parties, the reserve relating to the funding transactions with a related group and the related interest expenses are recorded based on discounted cash flow of the anticipated repayments, discounted by an annual market interest rate determined by a reputable appraiser.

Capitalization of development costs

Costs relating to internally generated intangible assets are capitalized if the criteria for recognition as assets are met. The initial capitalization of costs is based on management’s judgment that technological and economic feasibility criteria are met. In making this judgment, management considers the progress made in each development project and its latest forecasts for each project.
53


Share based payments/compensation

Share options are vested over service periods, but exercisable only upon consummation of certain events as provided in the grants. Share based compensation expenses are recorded based on the fair values of the options, using the Black-Scholes model assumptions as well as the likelihood of the fulfilment of such events at the respective grant dates.

Revenue Recognition

Revenues are recognized at an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring services to a customer. The Company generates its revenues through three streams:


royalties from licensing of technological platforms and provision of proprietary games content (which are recognized in the accounting periods in which the gaming transactions occur);


fees from use of intellectual property rights (which are recognized over the useful periods of the intellectual property rights); and


fees from development services (which are recognized in the accounting periods in which services are provided).

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Our recent accounting pronouncements are shown in Note 2, W to our consolidated financial statements.

JOBS Act

We are an emerging growth company, as defined in the JOBS Act. We intend to rely on certain of the exemptions and reduced reporting requirements provided by the JOBS Act. As an emerging growth company, we are not required to, among other things, (i) provide an auditor’s attestation report on our system of internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and (ii) comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the PCAOB regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements (auditor discussion and analysis).

5.B.          Liquidity and Capital Resources.
 
We measure liquidity in terms of our ability to fund the cash requirements of our business operations, including working capital and capital expenditure needs, contractual obligations and other commitments, with cash flows from operations and other sources of funding. Since our inception, we have financed our operations primarily through the Promissory Notes and the WH Credit Facility.

Our primary requirements for liquidity and capital resources are to finance working capital, capital expenditures (including the deposit of performance bonds required under our U.S. contracts) and general corporate purposes. We also fund 50% of the losses of NPI (with Pollard funding the remaining 50%), subject to certain adjustments. We believe that our sources of liquidity and capital resources will be sufficient to meet our business needs for at least the next 12 months.

As of December 31, 2020, we had $50.8 million equity, $56.1 million working capital and $53.7 million cash and cash equivalents, compared to $5.6 million deficit, $9.8 million negative working capital and $6.0 million cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2019.

During 2018, we borrowed $4.0 million with a stated annual interest rate of 5.0% and $2.0 million with a stated annual interest rate of 1.0% under the WH Credit Facility. The proceeds were used to fund the costs of new implementation projects during 2018 with the NHL and NCEL. During 2019, we borrowed a total of $6.5 million with a stated annual interest rate of 1.0% under the WH Credit Facility to secure the guarantees and bonding facilities for new contracts with the NCEL and additional prospective customers. During 2020, we borrowed $2.5 million with a stated annual interest of 1.0% and approximately $2.0 million with a stated annual interest of 5.0% under the WH Credit Facility. The proceeds were used to refinance a portion of our debt under the WH Credit Facility and to pay off all interest accrued under the WH Credit Facility. For further information regarding the WH Credit Facility, see Item 7.B. “Related Party Transactions - WH Credit Facility.”
54


The difference in the interest rates between the calculated fair value interest rate and interest due on these loans was recorded as loan discounts to be amortized over the funding repayment period as additional finance expenses. Accordingly, we recorded interest expenses of $1.2 million in 2019 and $1.4 million in 2020 based on the fair value market interest rate.

Cash Flows

The Company generates its inbound cash flow through the collection of revenues being charged to its customers monthly. The Company’s share of cash generated through North American turnkey contracts is being delivered through regular monthly settlements of net collections of customers’ revenues less NPI’s or Pollard’s share of costs contributed by us to support delivery commitments.

The following table presents the summary cash flows information for the periods presented:

 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2020
   
2019
   
2018
 
 
(in thousands)
 
                 
Net cash provided by operating activities
 
$
24,518
   
$
15,040
   
$
5,378
 
Net cash used in investing activities
   
(12,696
)
   
(17,424
)
   
(11,721
)
Net cash provided by financing activities
   
41,929
     
5,166
     
6,000
 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
 
$
53,751
   
$
2,782
   
$
(343
)

Net cash provided by operating activities

Net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $24.5 million, an increase of $9.5 million, compared to $15.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. The increase primarily resulted from a continued increase in the NGR generated by the MSL and by increase in NPI revenues.

Net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2019 was $15.0 million, an increase of $9.6 million, compared to $5.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. The increase primarily resulted from a full year of revenues generated from William Hill for its use of our NeoSphere platform and related services as well as a continued increase in the NGR and GGR generated by the MSL and Sazka.

Net cash used in investing activities

Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $12.7 million, a decrease of $4.7 million, compared to $17.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. The increase was primarily driven by an increase in proceeds received from NPI in 2020 compared to funding to NPI in 2019.

Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2019 was $17.4 million, an increase of $5.7 million, compared to $11.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. The increase was primarily driven by the increased number of development personnel, whose contribution was capitalized.

Net cash used in financing activities

Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $41.9 million, which was primarily the result of net proceeds from the Company’s initial public offering.


55


Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2019 was $5.2 million, which was primarily the result of drawdowns from the WH Credit Facility.

Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $6.0 million, which was primarily the result of drawdowns from the WH Credit Facility.

5.C.          Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.
 
Our research and development expenses are primarily comprised of costs of our research and development personnel, contractor services in Ukraine and other development-related expenses. Research and development costs are expensed when incurred, except to the extent that such costs qualify for capitalization. We believe continued investments in research and development are important to maintain our competitive strengths and expect research and development costs to increase in absolute dollars, but to decrease as a percentage of total revenues. Research and development expenses, were $7.5 million, $6.9 million and $5.8 million in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
 
5.D.          Trend Information.
 
Not Applicable.
 
5.E.          Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
 We do not currently engage in off-balance sheet financing arrangements. In addition, we do not have any interest in entities referred to as variable interest entities, which includes special purpose entities and other structured finance entities.

5.F.          Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations
 
The following table summarizes our contractual obligations and commitments as of December 31, 2020:

 
As of December 31, 2020
 
 
In 3 months
   
Between
3 months and
1 year
   
More than
1 year
   
Total
 
 
(in thousands)
 
Capital notes and accrued interest due to the Aspire Group
 
$
-
   
$
-
   
$
22,419
   
$
22,419
 
Loans from William Hill
   
-
     
2,022
     
11,155
     
13,177
 
Lease liabilities
   
-
     
1,651
     
1,855
     
3,506
 
Trade and other payables
   
4,910
     
-
     
-
     
4,910
 
Total
 
$
4,910
   
$
3,673
   
$
35,429
   
$
44,012
 

5.G.          Safe Harbor

See the Section entitled “Forward-Looking Statements” at the beginning of this Annual Report.

56

 
ITEM 6.          DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES

 6.A.          Directors and Senior Management
 
Executive Officers and Directors

The following table presents information about our executive officers and directors, including their ages as of April 12, 2021:

Name
Age
Position
Executive Officers
Moti Malul
49
Chief Executive Officer, Co-Managing Director and Director
Raviv Adler
47
Chief Financial Officer
Oded Gottfried
51
Chief Technology Officer
Rinat Belfer
41
Chief Operations Officer
Non-Executive Directors
Barak Matalon
50
Non-Executive Director
Aharon Aran
71
Non-Executive Director
Laurent Teitgen(1)
42
Non-Executive Director
John E. Taylor, Jr.(1)
54
Non-Executive Director, Chairman
Lisbeth McNabb(2)
   
60
   
Non-Voting, Non-Executive Director
 


(1)
Independent director in accordance with SEC regulations and Nasdaq rules requirements applicable to the Company.

(2)
Ms. McNabb was appointed as a non-voting member in an observer capacity of our board of directors in January 2021. We intend to nominate Ms. McNabb to be elected as a full voting member of our board of directors at our 2021 annual general meeting of shareholders (the “2021 General Meeting”).

Unless otherwise indicated, the current business addresses for each of our executive officers and each of the members of our board of directors is c/o NeoGames S.A., 5, rue de Bonnevoie, L-1260 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.

57


Executive Officers

The following is a brief summary of the business experience of our executive officers.

Moti Malul has served as our Chief Executive Officer since October 2018 and as a member of our board of directors since January 2019. Prior to that, Mr. Malul served as our Executive Vice President of Sales and Business Development for three years. Prior to our spin-off from Aspire in 2014, Mr. Malul served in various roles at Aspire for five years. Prior to joining Aspire, Mr. Malul served for over 12 years in key marketing and management positions in the telecommunications and internet industries, for companies such as Ericsson and Smile Media. Mr. Malul holds a B.A. in Business Administration from Bar-Ilan University in Israel, and an M.B.A from Tel Aviv University in Israel.

Raviv Adler has served as our Chief Financial Officer since 2013. Mr. Adler joined Aspire in 2010 and served as its Director of Finance until 2013. Prior to joining Aspire, Mr. Adler served, and accumulated more than a decade of experience, in key finance roles in a range of multinational companies, such as “Hewlett Packard” and “Ernst & Young”, as well as start-up companies. Mr. Adler holds a B.A. in Business Administration and Accounting from the College of Management Academic Studies in Israel and he is a Certified Public Accountant in Israel.

Oded Gottfried has served as our Chief Technology Officer since our spin-off from Aspire in 2014 and the Chief Technology Officer of NGS, our Israeli subsidiary, since January 2015. Prior to our spin-off from Aspire, Mr. Gottfried served as the Chief Technology Officer of Aspire since 2008. Prior to joining Aspire in 2008 Mr. Gottfried founded two companies and served as their Chief Executive Officer. He also served as an engineer for the Israel Defense Forces. Mr. Gottfried holds a B.Sc in Mathematics & Computer Science from Tel Aviv University in Israel.

Rinat Belfer has served as our Chief Operations Officer since January 2019 after serving as Vice President of Projects of NGS between January 2015 and December 2018. Prior to our spin-off from Aspire in 2014, Ms. Belfer served in a number of roles with Aspire since 2009. Ms. Belfer holds a B.Tech degree in Industrial Engineering and Management from Shenkar College in Israel and an MBA from Ben Gurion University in Israel.
 
Non-Executive Directors

The following is a brief summary of the business experience of the non-executive members of our board of directors.

      Barak Matalon, the co-founder of Aspire, has served as a member of our board of directors since our spin-off from Aspire in 2014. Mr. Matalon currently serves on the board of directors of Lotym Holdings Ltd., Loty Holdings Ltd. and Aspire and is a member of Aspire’s remuneration committee. Mr. Matalon holds a B.A. in Economics from the Academic College of Tel Aviv Jaffa in Israel.
 

58


Aharon Aran has served as member of our board of directors since September 2019. Mr. Aran served as the Chief Executive Officer of TMF Media, Omnicom Media Group-Israel office from 2007 until 2019, and has served as the Chief Executive Officer of the Israeli Audience Research Board since August 2019. Mr. Aran currently serves on the board of directors of Aspire and is a member of its audit committee. Mr. Aran holds a B.A. in Economics and an M.B.A. from Tel Aviv University in Israel.

Laurent Teitgen has served as a member of our board of directors since April 2017. Mr. Teitgen currently serves on the board of directors of Ellomay Luxembourg Holdings S.à r.l., Linda S.A., Folia S.A., Lucas Investments S.A. and Agricultural Investment & Development S.A., and he is a partner at Fidelia S.A. Mr. Teitgen is a resident of Luxembourg and previously held positions with BDO, Intertrust, and TASL (now Orangefield/Vistra).  Mr. Teitgen holds a Bachelor degree in accounting and financial management with a specialization in accounting review from Université de Lorraine, IUT Henri Poincaré.

John E. Taylor, Jr. has served as a member of our board of directors since November 2020. Mr. Taylor served as Chairman of the board of directors of Twin River Worldwide Holdings (NYSE: TRWH) from 2010 to 2016 and as Executive Chairman from 2017 to 2019. Mr. Taylor was formerly the Chief Executive Officer and President of GameLogic, Inc., a provider of internet based games for the regulated gaming industry. Mr. Taylor also served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of Dreamport, the gaming and entertainment subsidiary of GTECH Corporation, a then-NYSE listed company while also serving as a member of the Executive Management Committee of GTECH. Earlier in his career he served as a senior advisor to the Governor of Rhode Island. Mr. Taylor currently serves as a Trustee of Johnson & Wales University and holds a Bachelor of Science degree from Rhode Island College.

Lisbeth McNabb was appointed as a non-voting member in an observer capacity of our board of directors in January 2021. We intend to nominate Ms. McNabb to be elected as a full voting member of our board of directors at the 2021 General Meeting. Ms. McNabb currently serves on the Board of Directors of Nexstar Media Group (Nasdaq: NXST). Over the past 20 years, Ms. McNabb has served in senior leadership roles with category-defining companies including match.com and Linux Foundation. Prior, she began her career in various finance and managerial roles at AT&T, American Airlines and Pepsico Frito-Lay. Ms. McNabb holds a BS in Business from the University of Nebraska and an MBA from Southern Methodist University.

Arrangements Concerning Election of Directors

Our Founding Shareholders are party to a voting agreement pursuant to which the Founding Shareholders will vote as one group with regard to any matter relating to the nomination, election, appointment or removal of directors.
 
6.B.          Compensation
 
Executive Officer and Board Member Compensation

The compensation for each of our executive officers is comprised of the following elements: base salary, bonus, contractual benefits, and pension contributions. The total amount of compensation paid and benefits in kind provided to our executive officers and members of our board of directors other than our independent directors for the 2020 financial year was $1,502,978. This amount includes $130,812 set aside or accrued to provide pension, severance, retirement or similar benefits or expenses. The amount of compensation paid to our independent directors is as follows: Mr. John E. Taylor Jr. received cash compensation of $40,000 and equity compensation in the form of a grant of 48,581 options, vesting over a period of two years annually from November 18, 2020, with an exercise price of $17 per option; and Mr. Laurent Teitgen received cash compensation of $5,142. We do not currently maintain any bonus or profit-sharing plan for the benefit of our executive officers; however, upon approval of the compensation committee of the board we intend to offer to certain of our executive officers annual bonuses pursuant to terms to be approved by the board. We make monthly contributions to pension, retirement or similar benefits to our executive officers as required under Israeli law or any other relevant jurisdiction.

Executive Officer and Board Member Employment Agreements

Each of the Company’s executive officers is employed under an employment agreement for an indefinite period of time. These agreements contain customary provisions regarding noncompetition, nonsolicitation, confidentiality of information and assignment of inventions.

59


Long-Term Incentive Plans

2015 Plan (Amended 2019)

The 2015 Share Option Plan was adopted on January 29, 2015 and amended thereafter (the “2015 Plan”). The 2015 Plan provides for the grant of options to acquire Ordinary Shares of the Company. As of April 12, 2021, there were outstanding options granted under the 2015 Plan covering 1,647,294 Ordinary Shares of the Company at a weighted average exercise price of $1.48, out of which 1,209,907 were vested and 437,387 were unvested.

All our employees and consultants are eligible to participate in the 2015 Plan. All outstanding options to purchase Ordinary Shares of the Company granted under the 2015 Plan that are held by employees of NGS, are subject to the beneficial tax arrangement known as the trustee capital gains route of Section 102 of the Israeli Income Tax Ordinance [New Version] 1961.

Our board of directors determines the terms and conditions of the options granted including the vesting terms and the exercise price. The terms and conditions are set forth in the applicable options agreement. The terms and conditions of individual options may vary.

Following the completion of our initial public offering, the Company ceased granting options under the 2015 Plan. Any options granted under the 2015 Plan that expire will be added to the pool of the 2020 Plan (as defined below). The 2015 Plan will continue to apply to all previously granted options.

2020 Plan

In connection with our initial public offering, we adopted an omnibus equity plan by the name of 2020 Incentive Award Plan (the “2020 Plan”), which allows for the grant of various equity awards such as options, share appreciation rights, restricted shares, restricted share units and other equity based awards. The 2020 Plan includes a pool of 132,750 Ordinary Shares which shall be increased automatically upon expiration of any option granted under the 2015 Plan and by an annual increase on the first day of each calendar year beginning January 1, 2021 and ending on and including January 1, 2030, equal to the lesser of (A) 3% of the aggregate number of shares outstanding on the final day of the immediately preceding calendar year and (B) such smaller number of shares as is determined by our board of directors. As of April 12, 2021, there were outstanding options granted under the 2020 Plan covering 60,726 Ordinary Shares of the Company at a weighted average exercise price of $17.0, of which 59,967 were unvested.

The 2020 Plan is managed by our board of directors or by a committee thereof nominated for the purpose of administrating the 2015 Plan.

The administrator has the authority to determine the terms and conditions of the awards granted under the 2020 Plan. However, the exercise price of options and share appreciation rights must be no less than the fair market value of the shares at the time of grant.

The 2020 Plan includes an Israeli sub-plan for the purpose of enabling the Company to grant Israeli employees awards under the tax beneficial route known as the trustee capital gains route of Section 102 of the Israeli Income Tax Ordinance [New Version] 1961. The Company has filed the 2020 Plan for approval by the Israel Tax Authority.

Insurance and Indemnification

We provide liability insurance for our directors and officers against certain liabilities, which they may incur in connection with their activities on our behalf.

Our articles of association provide that directors and officers, past and present, are entitled to indemnification from us to the fullest extent permitted by Luxembourg law, against liabilities and all expenses reasonably incurred or paid by him or her in connection with any claim, action, suit, or proceeding in which he or she is involved by virtue of him or her being or having been a director or officer of the Company and against amounts paid or incurred by him or her in the settlement thereof.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers and controlling persons pursuant to the provisions of our articles of association or otherwise, we have been advised that in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by us of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer, or controlling person in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered hereunder, we will, unless in the opinion of our counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question of whether such indemnification by us is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

60


 6.C.          Board Practices
 
Board Composition

Our board of directors is currently comprised of five voting members and one non-voting member in an observer capacity. Each member of our board of directors is elected for a term ending at the occasion of the 2021 General Meeting. At the 2021 General Meeting we intend to expand our board of directors to be comprised of six voting members. A director may be re-appointed. Our directors are elected at our general meeting of shareholders in accordance with our articles of association. Pursuant to our articles of association, for so long as the Founding Shareholders (i) own in the aggregate at least 40.0% of the issued and outstanding share capital of the Company, a number of directors equal to 50.0% of the total number of directors will be elected from nominees selected by the Founding Shareholders, (ii) own in the aggregate at least 25.0% of the issued and outstanding share capital of the Company, a number of directors equal to 33.0% of the total number of directors will be elected from nominees selected by the Founding Shareholders, and (iii) own in the aggregate at least 15.0% of the issued and outstanding share capital of the Company, one director will be elected from nominees selected by the Founding Shareholders.

Foreign Private Issuer Status

As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt under the Exchange Act from, among other things, the rules prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements, and our officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, we are not be required under the Exchange Act to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as U.S. companies whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act.

Controlled Company Exemption

In addition to exemptions on which we may rely as a foreign private issuer, our Founding Shareholders beneficially own more than 50% of the voting power of our shares eligible to vote in the election of directors, and we may therefore be able to rely on certain exemptions as a “controlled company” as set forth in the Nasdaq rules. Under these corporate governance standards, a company of which more than 50% of the voting power is held by an individual, group or another company is a “controlled company” and may elect to utilize exemptions from certain corporate governance standards, including the requirement (1) that a majority of the board of directors consist of independent directors, (2) to have a compensation committee that is composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee’s purpose and responsibilities and (3) that our director nominations be made, or recommended to the full board of directors, by our independent directors or by a nominations committee that is composed entirely of independent directors and that we adopt a written charter or board resolution addressing the nominations process. We utilize the exemption from the requirement to have a majority of the board of directors consist of independent directors. In the event that we cease to be a “controlled company,” and to the extent we may not rely on similar exemptions as a foreign private issuer, we will be required to comply with these provisions within the applicable transition periods so long as our Ordinary Shares continue to be listed on Nasdaq.

Board Committee Composition

Our board of directors has established an audit committee, a compensation committee and a nominating and corporate governance committee.

Audit Committee

The audit committee, which consists of John E. Taylor, Jr., Laurent Teitgen and Aharon Aran, assists the board in overseeing our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of our financial statements. John E. Taylor Jr. serves as chair of the committee. We intend to nominate Lisbeth McNabb to be elected as a full voting member of our board of directors at the 2021 General Meeting. Subject to Ms. McNabb’s election, she will serve as a member of the audit committee and will chair the committee. Upon Ms. McNabb’s addition to the audit committee, Mr. Aran intends to resign from his position as an audit committee member. The audit committee consists (and will continue to consist upon the election of Ms. McNabb) exclusively of members of our board of directors who are financially literate, and John E. Taylor, Jr. is considered an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by the SEC. Our board has determined that John E. Taylor, Jr., Laurent Teitgen and Lisbeth McNabb meet the “independence” requirements set forth in Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act. The audit committee is governed by a charter that complies with Nasdaq rules.

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The audit committee is responsible for:


recommending the appointment of the independent auditor to the general meeting of shareholders;


the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of any accounting firm engaged for the purpose of preparing or issuing an audit report or performing other audit services;


pre-approving the audit services and non-audit services to be provided by our independent auditor before the auditor is engaged to render such services;


evaluating the independent auditor’s qualifications, performance and independence, and presenting its conclusions to our board of directors on at least an annual basis;


reviewing and discussing with our board of directors and the independent auditor our annual audited financial statements and quarterly financial statements prior to the filing of the respective annual and quarterly reports;


reviewing our compliance with laws and regulations, including major legal and regulatory initiatives and also reviewing any major litigation or investigations against us that may have a material impact on our financial statements; and


approving or ratifying any related person transaction (as defined in our related person transaction policy) in accordance with our related person transaction policy.

The audit committee meets as often as one or more members of our audit committee deem necessary, but in any event meets at least four times per year. The audit committee meets at least once per year with our independent accountant, without our executive officers being present.

Compensation Committee

The compensation committee, which consists of John E. Taylor, Jr. and Laurent Teitgen, assists our board of directors in determining executive officer compensation. John E. Taylor, Jr. serves as chair of the committee. We intend to nominate Lisbeth McNabb to be elected as a full voting member of our board of directors at the 2021 General Meeting. Subject to Ms. McNabb’s election, she will serve as a member of the compensation committee. The committee recommends to our board of directors the compensation of each of our executive officers. Under SEC and Nasdaq rules, there are heightened independence standards for members of our compensation committee, including a prohibition against the receipt of any compensation from us other than standard board member fees. All of our compensation committee members (as well as Ms. McNabb) meet this heightened standard.

The compensation committee is responsible for:


identifying, reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to executive officer compensation;


analyzing the possible outcomes of the variable remuneration components and how they may affect the remuneration of our executive officers;


evaluating each executive officer’s performance in light of such goals and objectives and determining each executive officer’s compensation based on such evaluation;

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determining any long-term incentive component of each executive officer’s compensation in line with the remuneration policy and reviewing our executive officer compensation and benefits policies generally;


periodically reviewing, in consultation with our Chief Executive Officer, our management succession planning; and


reviewing and assessing risks arising from our compensation policies and practices for our employees and whether any such risks are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on us.
 
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

The nominating and corporate governance committee, which consists of John E. Taylor, Jr. and Laurent Teitgen, assists our board of directors in identifying individuals qualified to become members of our board of directors consistent with criteria established by our board of directors and in developing our corporate governance principles. John E. Taylor, Jr. serves as chair of the committee. We intend to nominate Lisbeth McNabb to be elected as a full voting member of our board of directors at our 2021 General Meeting. Subject to Ms. McNabb’s election, she will serve as a member of the nominating and corporate governance committee.

The nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for:


drawing up selection criteria and appointment procedures for board members;


reviewing and evaluating the composition, function and duties of our board of directors;


recommending nominees for selection to our board of directors and its corresponding committees;


making recommendations to our board of directors as to determinations of board member independence;


leading our board of directors in a self-evaluation, at least annually, to determine whether it and its committees are functioning effectively;


overseeing and recommending for adoption by the general meeting of shareholders the compensation for our board members; and


developing and recommending to our board of directors our rules governing the board of directors and code of business conduct, reviewing and reassessing the adequacy of such rules and recommending any proposed changes to our board of directors.

Duties of Board Members and Conflicts of Interest

Under Luxembourg law, members of our board of directors have a duty of loyalty to act honestly, in good faith and with a view to our best interests. The members of our board of directors also have a duty to exercise the care, diligence and skills that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, the members of our board of directors must ensure compliance with our articles of association. In certain limited circumstances, a shareholder has the right to seek damages if a duty owed by a member of our board is breached.

Pursuant to Luxembourg law, any director having a direct or indirect financial interest in a transaction submitted for approval to our board of directors may not participate in the deliberations and vote thereon, unless the transaction is not in the ordinary course of our business and conflicts with our interest, in which case the director shall be obliged to advise our board of directors thereof and to cause a record of such director’s statement to be included in the minutes of the meeting. He or she may not take part in these deliberations nor vote on such a transaction. At the next general meeting of shareholders, before any other resolution is put to a vote, a special report shall be made on any transactions in which any of the directors may have had an interest that conflicts with our interest.

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Directors’ service contracts

There are no arrangements or understandings between us and any of our subsidiaries, on the one hand, and any of our directors, on the other hand, providing for benefits upon termination of their employment or service as directors of our Company or any of our subsidiaries.
 
6.D.          Employees
 
As of December 31, 2020, the Company had 153 employees, located predominantly in Israel and an additional 147 dedicated contractors located in Ukraine.

Our goal is to attract and retain highly qualified and motivated personnel. We also engage contractors to support our efforts. None of our employees and service providers are subject to a collective bargaining agreement. We consider our employee relations to be good and we have never experienced a work stoppage.

We are committed to maintaining a working environment in which diversity and equality of opportunity are actively promoted and all unlawful discrimination is not tolerated. We are committed to ensuring employees are treated fairly and are not subjected to unfair or unlawful discrimination. We value diversity and to that end recognize the educational and business benefits of diversity amongst our employees, applicants and other people with whom we have dealings.
 
6.E.          Share Ownership
 
For information regarding the share ownership of directors and officers, see Item 7.A. “Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions - Major Shareholders.” For information as to our equity incentive plans, see Item 6.B. “Compensation - Long-Term Incentive Plans.”

ITEM 7.  MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

 7.A.          Major Shareholders
 
The following table sets forth information relating to the beneficial ownership of our Ordinary Shares as of April 12, 2021 by:


each person, or group of affiliated persons, known by us to beneficially own 5% or more of our outstanding Ordinary Shares;


each of our executive officers and directors; and


all of our executive officers and directors as a group.

For further information regarding material transactions between us and principal shareholders, see Item 7.B. “Related Party Transactions.”

The number of Ordinary Shares beneficially owned by each entity, person, executive officer or director is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC, and the information is not necessarily indicative of beneficial ownership for any other purpose. Under such rules, beneficial ownership includes any shares over which the person has sole or shared voting power or investment power. Additionally, Ordinary Shares that a person has the right to acquire within 60 days of April 12, 2021 through the exercise of any option, warrant or other right are deemed to be outstanding and to be beneficially owned by such person for purposes of computing the percentage ownership of such person, but are not deemed outstanding for purposes of computing the percentage ownership of any other person, except with respect to the percentage ownership of all executive officers and directors as a group. Except as otherwise indicated, and subject to applicable community property laws, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all Ordinary Shares held by that person.

The percentage of Ordinary Shares beneficially owned is computed on the basis of 24,983,855 Ordinary Shares outstanding as of April 12, 2021.

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The information set forth below regarding the beneficial ownership for each of our principal shareholders has been furnished by such shareholders. Unless otherwise indicated below, the address for each beneficial owner listed is NeoGames S.A., 10 Habarzel Street, Tel Aviv, 6971014, Israel.
     
Name of beneficial owner
 
Number
   
Percent
 
5% or Greater Shareholders
 
   
 
William Hill(1)
   
6,127,257
     
24.5
%
Elyahu Azur(2)
   
3,193,717
     
12.8
%
Pinhas Zahavi(3)
   
3,193,717
     
12.8
%
Executive officers and directors
 
   
 
Moti Malul(4)
   
354,177
     
1.4
%
Raviv Adler(5)
   
90,428
     
*
 
Oded Gottfried(6)
   
703,852
     
2.8
%
Rinat Belfer(7)
   
46,152
     
*
 
Barak Matalon(8)
   
5,109,948
     
20.5
%
Aharon Aran(9)
   
1,277,486
     
5.1
%
Laurent Teitgen 
   
-
     
-
 
John E. Taylor, Jr.(10)
   
14,709
     
*
 
Lisbeth McNabb
   
-
     
-
 
All executive officers and directors as a group (9 persons)(11)
   
7,596,752
     
29.6
%


* Indicates beneficial ownership of less than 1% of the total outstanding Ordinary Shares.
 
(1) The address for William Hill Organization Limited is 1 Bedford Avenue, London WC1B 3UA.
 
(2) Based on information reported on a Schedule 13G filed on February 16, 2020, Mr. Azur holds 3,193,717 Ordinary Shares. The address for Mr. Azur is 6 Hertzel St., Tel-Aviv, Israel.
 
(3) Based on information reported on a Schedule 13G filed on February 16, 2020, Mr. Zahabi holds 3,193,717 Ordinary Shares. The address for Mr. Zahavi is 4 Voiotias St., limassol, Cyprus.
 
(4) Shares beneficially owned includes 299,523 options currently exercisable, and 54,654 options exercisable within 60 days of April 12, 2021, for Ordinary Shares of the Company.
 
(5) Shares beneficially owned includes 86,025 options currently exercisable, and 4,403 options exercisable within 60 days of April 12, 2021, for Ordinary Shares of the Company.
 
(6) Shares beneficially owned includes 540,607 Ordinary Shares of the Company and 163,245 options exercisable for Ordinary Shares of the Company.
 
(7) Shares beneficially owned includes 35,221 options currently exercisable, and 10,931 options exercisable within 60 days of April 12, 2021, for Ordinary Shares of the Company.
 
(8) Based on information reported on a Schedule 13G filed on February 16, 2020, Mr. Matalon holds 5,109,948 Ordinary Shares. The address for Mr. Matalon is 10 Habarzel St., Tel Aviv, Israel.
 
(9) Based on information reported on a Schedule 13G filed on February 16, 2020, Mr. Aran holds 1,277,486 Ordinary Shares. The address for Mr. Aran is 32 Tuval St. Ramat Gan, Israel.
 
(10) The address for Mr. Taylor is 10 Habarzel St., Tel Aviv, Israel.
 
(11) Shares beneficially owned includes 6,942,750 Ordinary Shares of the Company and 654,002 options exercisable for Ordinary Shares for the Company.

Our directors and executive officers hold, in the aggregate, options exercisable for 584,014 Ordinary Shares, as of April 12, 2021. The options have a weighted average exercise price of $1.42 per share and have expiration dates generally 10 years after the grant date of the option.

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Changes in Ownership of Major Shareholders

To our knowledge, other than as disclosed in the table above, our other filings with the SEC and this Annual Report, there has been no significant change in the percentage ownership held by any major shareholder since January 1, 2018.

The major shareholders listed above do not have voting rights with respect to their Ordinary Shares that are different from the voting rights of other holders of our Ordinary Shares.

Registered Holders

Based on a review of the information provided to us by our transfer agent, as of March 31, 2021, there were 10 registered holders of our Ordinary Shares, one of which (Cede & Co., the nominee of the Depositary Trust Company) is a United States registered holder, holding approximately 22.1% of our outstanding Ordinary Shares.
 
7.B.          Related Party Transactions
 
The following is a description of our ongoing or presently proposed related party transactions since January 1, 2020.

Relationship with Aspire

NeoGames was established as an independent company in 2014, following a spin-off from Aspire, a B2C and B2B service provider in the iGaming industry. Barak Matalon and Aharon Aran, members of our board of directors, are also members of Aspire’s board of directors. Further, Barak Matalon, Elyahu Azur, Pinhas Zahavi and Aharon Aran, who collectively own a majority of the shares of Aspire, hold approximately 51.1% of our Ordinary Shares.

Prior to our spin-off from Aspire, our management team was responsible for the iLottery business of Aspire. As part of the spin-off, NeoGames has entered into the following agreements with the Aspire Group:

Framework Agreement

On April 24, 2015, with effect as of April 30, 2014, NeoGames entered into an agreement (the “Aspire Framework Agreement”) with Aspire and AG Software Limited (“AG Software”), a member of the Aspire Group, that provides the framework for the restructuring and the separate operation of each of the parties and their respective businesses. NeoGames acquired from the Aspire Group the suite of software products used solely in the iLottery market, as well as the rights to certain contracts held by the Aspire Group, in consideration for the Promissory Notes.

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Transition Services Agreement

On June 15, 2015, with effect as of April 30, 2014, NeoGames entered into a transition services agreement (as amended on August 6, 2015, the “Aspire Transition Services Agreement”) with Aspire and William Hill pursuant to which NeoGames agreed to provide Aspire with certain dedicated development, maintenance and support services necessary for the operation of Aspire’s business. These services are now primarily provided by teams that are dedicated to Aspire and are employees of Aspire, but NeoGames’ employees supervise the software development work of Aspire’s employees to ensure that their work is released within the overall release plan and does not interfere with other functions of the platform. We received approximately $2.4 million, $4.0 million and $3.4 million pursuant to the Aspire Transition Services Agreement in the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Pursuant to the terms of the Aspire Transition Services Agreement, rights in the work product created by Aspire for the sole benefit of Aspire are owned by Aspire and rights in the work product created by NeoGames for the sole benefit of NeoGames are owned by NeoGames. However, rights in the work product created for the benefit of both NeoGames and Aspire are owned by NeoGames and licensed to Aspire under the terms of the Aspire Software License Agreement.

Trademark License Agreement

On April 24, 2015, NeoGames entered into a trademark license agreement with Aspire and William Hill (as amended and restated on August 6, 2015, the “Aspire Trademark License Agreement”) pursuant to which Aspire granted to NeoGames an exclusive license to use the “NEOGAMES” trademark in connection with our business. In September 2020, Aspire and NeoGames executed a trademark assignment agreement and filed deeds of assignment in respect of the registered NEOGAMES trademarks in the EU and the United States that has been recorded in the public registrar.

Promissory Notes

On April 24, 2015, with effect as of April 30, 2014, NeoGames issued to Aspire and AG Software promissory notes (as amended and restated, the “Promissory Notes”) in aggregate principal amounts of approximately $3.0 million and $5.5 million, respectively. On May 18, 2017, the aggregate principal amount of the Promissory Note issued to Aspire was increased from $3.0 million to $16.3 million (bringing the aggregate principal amount of the Promissory Notes to approximately $21.8 million). The Promissory Notes bear interest at a rate of 1.0% per annum, payable on a quarterly basis in arrears, and mature on March 31, 2022.

Aspire Software License Agreement

In April 2015, NeoGames entered into a software license agreement (as amended in August 2015 and in June 2018, the “Aspire Software License Agreement”) with AG Software, Aspire and William Hill, pursuant to which ownership of intellectual property in a suite of software products was allocated between NeoGames and Aspire. In accordance with the Aspire Software License Agreement, software used in both the iLottery business and the iGaming business (the “Mixed-Use Software”) remained in the ownership of Aspire but was exclusively and irrevocably licensed to NeoGames for use in our iLottery business. The Mixed-Use Software includes components such as the wallet, cashier functions and random numbers generator used in our iLottery offerings.

The license from Aspire allows NeoGames to use the Mixed-Use Software to (i) facilitate its iLottery business worldwide, (ii) design, develop and implement online gaming, lottery or sports products and services for B2B customers in the gaming and sports businesses in the United States, (iii) grant a sub-license to William Hill for use when William Hill is operating under its own brand, and under certain circumstances when William Hill is operating under third-party brands, for its gaming and sports business and (iv) design, develop and implement games content (including scratch card, instant win, table and casino games) to customers (except for platform providers or white label companies who are competitors of Aspire) worldwide. The license from Aspire allows NeoGames to make broad use of the Mixed-Use Software in connection with the foregoing rights, including but not limited to adapting, modifying or enhancing it, granting sub-licenses, and distributing and selling it.

Meanwhile, Aspire can use the Mixed-Use Software to (i) facilitate its B2C gaming or sports business worldwide, (ii) facilitate its B2C iLottery business worldwide (except in jurisdictions where NeoGames operates its iLottery business), (iii) design, develop and implement online gaming, lottery or sports products and services for B2G customers in the iLottery business (except in the United States) and (iv) offer online games content (including scratch card, instant win, table and casino games) to customers (except for B2G customers in the United States and certain competitors of NeoGames) worldwide.

Pursuant to the terms of the Aspire Software License Agreement, the WH Features (as defined below) and modifications to the Mixed-Use Software developed by NeoGames and used exclusively in the iLottery offering are owned by NeoGames and licensed to Aspire on the same terms as Aspire’s rights to use the Mixed-Use Software set forth above. Pursuant to the terms of the Aspire Software License Agreement, modifications to the Mixed-Use Software developed by Aspire and used exclusively in the iGaming offering are owned by Aspire and licensed to NeoGames on the same terms as NeoGames’ license to the Mixed-Use Software set forth above.

In accordance with the terms of the Aspire Software License Agreement, NeoGames is not permitted to design, develop or implement casino and slots content for games aggregators, and Aspire is not permitted to design, develop and implement scratch and instant content for games aggregators.

Cost Allocation Agreement

On July 8, 2015, with effect as of June 15, 2014, NGS entered into a cost allocation agreement with Aspire Global Marketing Solutions pursuant to which each party has agreed to bear certain costs that are then recovered at cost from the other party. We paid $1.4 million, $1.5 million and $1.5 million and received $0.2 million, $0.2 million and $0.2 million in the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

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Relationship with William Hill

We have a strategic partnership with William Hill, who is our client (with respect to certain software development projects and licensing rights described below), our lender (with respect to the credit facility described below) and our largest shareholder.

Shareholders’ Agreement

On August 6, 2015, we entered into an Investment and Framework Shareholders’ Agreement with William Hill and certain of our shareholders (the “Shareholders’ Agreement”), pursuant to which we issued 56,003,584 of our Ordinary Shares to William Hill for an aggregate purchase price of $25.0 million. Pursuant to the Shareholders’ Agreement, William Hill also had the right to appoint a member of our board of directors.

Pursuant to the Shareholders’ Agreement, William Hill was granted two option rights to purchase the Ordinary Shares held by certain of our shareholders. The first option lapsed in 2019 and was not exercised. The second option allows William Hill to purchase the Ordinary Shares held by certain of our shareholders at the greater of $182.0 million and a price per share based on a multiple (between seven and 12.5, depending on the portion of the Company’s revenues attributable to the Michigan iLottery) of the Company’s earnings before interest and taxes for the year ended December 31, 2020. William Hill has waived this option prior to the completion of our initial public offering on Form F-1.

Upon the completion of our initial public offering, the Shareholders’ Agreement terminated.

WH Credit Facility

On August 6, 2015, William Hill made available to us a credit facility (the “WH Credit Facility”) in the principal amount of $15.0 million, bearing interest at the rate of 5.0% per annum. On June 18, 2018, the WH Credit Facility was amended so that $10.0 million out of the $15.0 million would bear interest at the rate of 1.0% per annum and the remaining $5.0 million would continue to bear interest at the rate of 5.0% per annum.

On October 20, 2020, we entered into a loan agreement with William Hill Finance Limited (“WHFL”), an affiliate of William Hill, which sets out amended terms and repayment schedule with respect to our outstanding loans under the WH Credit Facility (the “Loan Agreement”).

In the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019, WHFL extended to us the following loans under the WH Credit Facility: (a) on March 13, 2018, an amount of $4.0 million (“Tranche A”), (b) on October 11, 2018, an amount of $2.0 million (“Tranche B”), (c) on January 29, 2019, an amount of $3.0 million (“Tranche C”) and (d) on September 27, 2019, an amount of $3.5 million (“Tranche D”).

On September 18, 2020, WHFL extended to us a loan of $2.5 million (“Tranche E”), which was immediately used to pay off a portion of Tranche A. On September 18, 2020, WHFL also extended to us a loan of $2.0 million under the WH Credit Facility (“Tranche F”), which was immediately used to pay off the remaining principal amount of Tranche A and all interest accrued under the WH Credit Facility as of such date. Therefore, the aggregate amount outstanding remained below $15.0 million and was approximately $13.2 million as of December 31, 2020.

Pursuant to the Loan Agreement, the maturity date for Tranches B, C, D and E is June 15, 2023, and the maturity date for Tranche F is June 30, 2021. As of December 31, 2020, we may not draw any additional funds under the WH Credit Facility. Tranche F bears interest at a rate of 5.0% per annum and Tranches B, C, D and E bear interest at a rate of 1.0% per annum.

Pursuant to the Loan Agreement, WHFL has the right to appoint an observer to attend each of our board meetings until the full repayment of the loan facilities.

Pursuant to the Loan Agreement, all present and future amounts owed under the WH Credit Facility must be secured by a pledge over the shares of NGS and NeoGames US, LLP, wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company.

Upon a change of control in the Company, WHFL is entitled to cancel the WH Credit Facility and declare all amounts outstanding thereunder, together with all other amounts accrued under the Loan Agreement, due and payable upon not less than five business days’ notice.

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WHG License

On June 18, 2018, we entered into a binding term sheet (the “WH Term Sheet”) with WHG (International) Ltd. (“WHG”), an affiliate of William Hill. Pursuant to the WH Term Sheet, we granted WHG a sub-license (the “WHG License”) to use the NeoSphere platform, subject to certain branding restrictions, through any channel and for use in any product offering.

The WHG License is irrevocable for the term of the WH Term Sheet, which is in effect until a Master Software Development License Agreement (contemplated by the WH Term Sheet) is entered into by the parties (the “MSDLA”).

Furthermore, pursuant to the WH Term Sheet, we granted WHG the option to convert the WHG License into a perpetual license (the “IP Option”) for a payment of £15.0 million upon the earlier of the termination of the MSDLA, once entered into, or a change of control of NeoGames. We have also agreed to provide WHG with the IP Option following the completion of a four year period from the date of the WH Term Sheet. The Company and WHG are in the process of negotiating the MSDLA.

Pursuant to the WH Term Sheet, we have agreed to make available to WHG a dedicated team that provides support services (the “WH Services”) for WHG projects related to the NeoSphere platform.

Our revenues from these arrangements were approximately $6.7 million, $5.7 million and $2.4 million in the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

NeoGames and WHG have agreed on certain exclusivity obligations in the United States. WHG is prohibited from using the NeoSphere platform in competition with NeoGames in the iLottery business. NeoGames is prohibited from using the NeoSphere platform in competition with WHG in the B2C sports betting business, but is not prohibited from independently using the NeoSphere platform in the B2B sports betting business.

All intellectual property developed in connection with the WH Services, including both features developed by NeoGames for WHG (“WH Features”) and features jointly developed by WHG and NeoGames, are owned by, and fully vested in, NeoGames. We are generally prohibited from providing the WH Features to any party other than our existing customers and Aspire, subject to certain limitations.

Consultant Agreement

On June 1, 2015, NGS and LOTYM HOLDINGS LTD. (“LOTYM”) entered into an agreement pursuant to which LOTYM provides to NGS consulting services through Barak Matalon (one of the Founding Shareholders) for a monthly consideration in the amount of NIS 45,000 (plus VAT). The agreement has an unlimited term, and may be terminated for convenience by either party, subject to 180-days’ prior written notice. Mr. Matalon and LOTYM have signed undertakings, effective through the term of the agreement and for 12 months following its termination, regarding (i) ownership in inventions by, and assignment thereof to, the Company, (ii) non-competition against the Company, and (iii) non-solicitation of its employees consultants, suppliers, customers, investors and any party commercially engaged by it. The Company paid to the LOTYM $158 thousand, $153 thousand and $149 thousand in the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.

Voting Agreement

The Founding Shareholders have entered into a voting agreement pursuant to which the Founding Shareholders vote as one group with regard to any matter relating to the nomination, election, appointment or removal of directors.

Other Agreements with Directors and Executive Officers

We have entered into employment agreements with each of our executive officers in the ordinary course of business. The agreements provide for the terms of each individual’s employment or service with the Company. Since our inception, we have also granted to our executive officers and to certain of our directors options to purchase Ordinary Shares. For a description of transactions and arrangements with our directors and executive officers, see Item 6.B “Compensation - Executive Officer and Board Member Compensation” and Item 6.B. “Compensation  - Executive Officer and Board Member Employment Agreements.”

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Policies and Procedures for Related Party Transactions

Our board of directors has adopted a policy providing that the audit committee will review and approve or ratify material transactions, arrangements, or relationships in which we participate and in which any related person has or will have a direct or indirect material interest. A “related person” is a director, director-nominee, executive officer, or beneficial holder of more than 5% of any class of our voting securities or an immediate family member thereof. A transaction involving an amount in excess of $120,000 is presumed to be a material transaction, though transactions involving lower amounts may be material based on the facts and circumstances. Direct or indirect material interests may arise by virtue of control or significant influence of the related person to the transaction or by a direct or indirect pecuniary interest of the related person in the transaction. Under this policy, the audit committee shall review whether the transaction is on terms comparable to those that could be obtained in arm’s length dealings with an unrelated third party and the extent of the related person’s interest in the transaction, and shall also take into account the conflicts of interest and corporate opportunity provisions of the Code of Ethics and Conduct that we have adopted. All of the transactions described above were entered into prior to the adoption of this policy.

Certain of the foregoing disclosures are summaries of agreements, and are qualified in their entirety by reference to such agreements.
 
7.C.          Interests of Experts and Counsel
 
Not applicable.
 
ITEM 8.  FINANCIAL INFORMATION

8.A.          Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information
 
See Item 18 “Financial Statements.”

Legal Proceedings 

The Wire Act

The Wire Act provides that anyone engaged in the business of betting or wagering that knowingly uses a wire communication facility for the transmission in interstate or foreign commerce of bets or wagers or information assisting in the placing of bets or wagers on any sporting event or contest, or for the transmission of a wire communication which entitles the recipient to receive money or credit as a result of bets or wagers, or for information assisting in the placing of bets or wagers, will be fined or imprisoned, or both. However, the Wire Act notes that it shall not be construed to prevent the transmission in interstate or foreign commerce of information for use in news reporting of sporting events or contests, or for the transmission of information assisting in the placing of bets or wagers on a sporting event or contest from a state or foreign country where betting on that sporting event or contest is legal into a state or foreign country in which such betting is legal.

In 2011, the DoJ issued the 2011 Opinion to the effect that the conduct prohibited by the Wire Act was limited to sports gambling. In January 2019, the DoJ published the 2019 Opinion reversing the position.

As a result of the 2019 Opinion, NPI, along with the NHL and Pollard, commenced litigation in federal district court in New Hampshire challenging the 2019 Opinion. In June 2019, the U.S. District Court for the District of New Hampshire ruled that the Wire Act is only applicable to sports betting and related activities. The NH Decision also set aside the 2019 Opinion, leaving the 2011 Opinion as the DoJ’s only stated opinion on the subject. The DoJ appealed the NH Decision in October 2019, and a hearing on the appeal took place in June 2020. In January 2021, the federal Court of Appeals for the First Circuit denied the appeal by DoJ seeking to uphold the 2019 Opinion. By denying the appeal, the Court confirmed the previous 2011 Opinion, which concluded that the Act applies only to sports betting. The case may eventually reach the US Supreme Court, however this will depend on the position of the incoming U.S. administration on the issue.

At this stage, it is not clear whether our U.S. state lottery customers will be impacted if the Wire Act is held to extend to state lotteries. Furthermore, the DoJ stated in its appeal that it has not formed a view on the application of the Wire Act to state lotteries and, if the DoJ were ever to form the view that the Wire Act does apply, any enforcement would need to take into consideration the consequences of doing so given the nature of the public purposes for which the state lotteries raise money. In addition, we employ processes to limit any risk of implicating the Wire Act, such as geo-gating and maintaining servers within the states in which we operate, although it is possible that the DoJ may take the position that such servers are used in interstate commerce. For additional information on the potential risks connected with this litigation see Item 3.D. “Key Information - Risk Factors - Risks Relating to Regulation of our Business - Changing enforcement of the Wire Act may negatively impact our and our customers’ operations, business, financial condition or prospects.”

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From time to time, we may be involved in various claims and legal proceedings related to claims arising out of our operations. Other than as described above in “- The Wire Act,” we are not currently a party to any material legal proceedings, including any such proceedings that are pending or threatened, of which we are aware.

Dividend Policy
 
We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our Ordinary Shares in the foreseeable future. We intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings to fund the development and expansion of our business.

There are no legislative or other legal provisions currently in force in Luxembourg or arising under our articles of association that restrict the payment of dividends or distributions to holders of our Ordinary Shares not residing in Luxembourg, except for withholding tax requirements and regulations restricting the remittance of dividends, distributions and other payments in compliance with United Nations and EU sanctions. Under Luxembourg law the amount and payment of dividends or other distributions is determined by a simple majority vote at a general meeting of shareholders based on the recommendation of our board of directors, except in certain limited circumstances. Pursuant to our articles of association, our board of directors has the power to pay interim dividends or make other distributions in accordance with applicable Luxembourg law.

Distributions (in the form of either dividends, share premium or capital surplus reimbursements) may be lawfully declared and paid if our net profits and/or distributable reserves are sufficient under Luxembourg law.


Under Luxembourg law, at least 5% of our net profits per year must be allocated to the creation of a legal reserve until such reserve has reached an amount equal to 10% of our issued share capital. The allocation to the legal reserve becomes compulsory again when the legal reserve no longer represents 10% of our issued share capital. The legal reserve is not available for distribution. As of December 31, 2020 we had no legal reserve.


Under Luxembourg law, the amount of distributions paid to shareholders (including in the form of dividends, share premium reimbursements or capital surplus reimbursements) may not exceed the amount of profits at the end of the last financial year plus any profits carried forward and any amounts drawn from reserves that are available for that purpose, less any losses carried forward and sums to be placed in reserve in accordance with Luxembourg law or our articles of association. Furthermore, no distributions (including in the form of dividends, share premium reimbursements or capital surplus reimbursements) may be made if net assets were, at the end of the last financial year (or would become, following such a distribution), less than the amount of the subscribed share capital plus the non-distributable reserves. Distributions in the form of dividends may only be made out of net profits and profits carried forward, whereas distributions in the form of share premium reimbursements may only be made out of available share premium and distributions in the form of capital surplus reimbursements may only be made out of available capital surplus.

The amount of any future dividend payments we may make will depend on, among other factors, our strategy, future earnings, financial condition, cash flow, working capital requirements, capital expenditures and applicable provisions of our articles of association. Any profits we declare as dividends and any share premium or capital surplus we distribute will not be available to be reinvested in our operations.

We have not declared nor paid dividends in any of the years ended December 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020.

 8.B.          Significant Changes
 
None.
 
ITEM 9.  THE OFFER AND LISTING

 9.A.          Offer and Listing Details
 
Our Ordinary Shares commenced trading on Nasdaq on November 19, 2020. Prior to this, no public market existed for our Ordinary Shares.

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9.B.          Plan of Distribution
 
Not applicable.
 
9.C.          Markets
 
Our Ordinary Shares have been listed on Nasdaq since November 19, 2020, under the symbol “NGMS.”
 
9.D.          Selling Shareholders
 
Not applicable.
 
9.E.          Dilution
 
Not applicable.
 
9.F.          Expenses of the Issue
 
Not applicable.
 
ITEM 10.  ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
 
10.A.          Share Capital

Not applicable.

10.B.          Memorandum and Articles of Association
 
A copy of our amended and restated articles of association is attached as Exhibit 1.1 to this Annual Report. Other than as set forth below, the information called for by this Item 10.B. is set forth in Exhibit 2.1 to this Annual Report and is incorporated by reference into this Annual Report.

We are registered with the Luxembourg Trade and Companies’ Register under number B186309. Our corporate purpose, as stated in Article 4 of our articles of association, is to develop activities in relation with iLottery and iGaming solutions and services as well as any related areas. This includes the (i) the acquisition, holding and disposal, in any form, by any means, whether directly or indirectly, of participations, rights and interests in, and obligations of, Luxembourg and foreign companies, (ii) the acquisition by purchase, subscription, or in any other manner, as well as the transfer by sale, exchange or in any other manner of stock, partnership interests, bonds, debentures, notes and other securities or financial instruments of any kind (including notes or parts or units issued by Luxembourg or foreign mutual funds or similar undertakings) and receivables, claims or loans or other credit facilities and agreements or contracts relating thereto, and (iii) the ownership, administration, development and management of a portfolio of assets (including, among other things, the assets referred to in (i) and (ii) above).

The Company may borrow in any form. It may enter into any type of loan agreement and it may issue notes, bonds, debentures, certificates, shares, beneficiary parts, warrants and any kind of debt or equity securities including under one or more issuance programmes. The Company may further list all or part of its shares on a regulated or unregulated stock exchange in or outside of the European Union. The Company may lend funds including the proceeds of any borrowings and/or issues of securities to its subsidiaries, affiliated companies or any other company.

The Company may also give guarantees and grant security interests over some or all of its assets including, without limitation, by way of pledge, transfer or encumbrance, in favour of or for the benefit of third parties to secure its obligations or the obligations of its subsidiaries, affiliated companies or any other company.

The Company may enter into, execute and deliver and perform any swaps, futures, forwards, derivatives, options, repurchase, stock lending and similar transactions. The Company may generally use any techniques and instruments relating to investments for the purpose of their efficient management, including, but not limited to, techniques and instruments designed to protect it against credit, currency exchange, interest rate risks and other risks.

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The Company may carry out any commercial, industrial, and financial operations, which are directly or indirectly connected with its purpose or which may favour its development. In addition, the Company may acquire and sell real estate properties, for its own account, either in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg or abroad and it may carry out all operations relating to real estate properties.

In general, the Company may take any controlling and supervisory measures and carry out any operation or transaction which it considers necessary or useful in the accomplishment and development of its purpose.

The descriptions above are to be construed broadly and their enumeration is not limiting. The Company’s purpose shall include any transaction or agreement which is entered into by the Company, provided it is not inconsistent with the foregoing matters.

Transfer Agent and Registrar

The transfer agent and registrar for our Ordinary Shares is American Stock Transfer & Trust Company. Its address is 6201 15th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, and its telephone number is 718-921-8300.
 
10.C.          Material Contracts
 
The following is a summary of each material contract, other than contracts entered into in the ordinary course of business, to which we are or have been a party, for the two years immediately preceding the date of this Annual Report:


Form of Amended and Restated Promissory Note, dated May 18, 2017, between Neogames S.à r.l. and Aspire Global Limited. See Item 7.B. Related Party Transactions - Relationship with Aspire - Promissory Notes” for more information about this agreement.


Form of Amended and Restated Promissory Note, dated May 18, 2017, between Neogames S.à r.l. and AG Software Limited. See Item 7.B. “Related Party Transactions - Relationship with Aspire - Promissory Notes” for more information about this agreement.


Consulting Agreement, dated June 1, 2015, between NeoGames Systems Ltd. and Lotym Holdings. See Item 7.B. Related Party Transactions – Consultant Agreement” for more information about this agreement.


Form of Loan Agreement, dated October 20, 2020, between Neogames S.à r.l. and William Hill Finance Limited. See Item 7.B. Related Party Transactions – Relationship with William Hill – WH Credit Facility” for more information about this agreement.


Form of Letter, dated June 18, 2018, between Neogames S.à r.l. and WHG (International) Limited. See Item 7.B. Related Party Transactions – WHG License” for more information about this agreement.


Form of Joint Venture Agreement, dated January 14, 2014, between NeoGames Network Limited and Pollard Banknote Limited. See Item 3.D. Key Information - Risk Factors - Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry - We are dependent on Pollard with respect to our joint operation of the iLottery for the Michigan State Lottery,” Item 3.D. Key Information - Risk Factors - Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry - We do not have a formal joint venture agreement or any other operating or shareholders’ agreement with Pollard with respect to NPI, through which we conduct a substantial amount of our business,” and Item 3.D. Key Information - Risk Factors - Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry - Our existing and future contractual arrangements could restrict our ability to compete effectively, which may affect our ability to grow our business and enter into new markets” for more information about this agreement.


Neogames S.à r.l. — 2015 Option Plan (Amended 2019). See Item 6.B. Compensation - Long-Term Incentive Plans -  2015 Plan (Amended 2019)” for more information about this agreement.


NeoGames S.A. 2020 Incentive Award Plan. See Item 6.B. Compensation - Long-Term Incentive Plans -  2020 Plan” for more information about this agreement.

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Form of Indemnification Agreement. See Item 6.B. Compensation -  Insurance and Indemnification” for more information about this agreement.


Second Amended and Restated Software License Agreement, dated as of June 2018, among Neogames S.à r.l., AG Software Ltd., Aspire Global Plc and William Hill Organization Limited. See Item 7.B. Related Party Transactions – Relationship with Aspire – Aspire Software License Agreement” for more information about this agreement.
 
10.D.          Exchange Controls
 
We are not aware of any governmental laws, decrees, regulations or other legislation in Luxembourg that restrict the export or import of capital, including the availability of cash and cash equivalents for use by our affiliated companies, or that affect the remittance of dividends, interest or other payments to non-resident holders of our securities, except for regulations restricting the remittance of dividends, distributions, and other payments in compliance with United Nations and EU sanctions.
 
10.E.          Taxation
 
The following summary contains a description of certain Luxembourg and U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of Ordinary Shares, but it does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all the tax considerations that may be relevant to a decision to purchase Ordinary Shares. The summary is based upon the tax laws of Luxembourg and regulations thereunder and on the tax laws of the United States and regulations thereunder as of the date hereof, which are subject to change.

Material Luxembourg Tax Considerations

The following information is of a general nature only and it is not intended to be, nor should it be construed to be, legal or tax advice.

Prospective investors in the Ordinary Shares should therefore consult their own professional advisers as to the effects of state, local or foreign laws, including Luxembourg tax law, to which they may be subject.

Please be aware that the residence concept used under the respective headings below applies for Luxembourg income tax assessment purposes only. Any reference in the present section to a tax, duty, levy, impost or other charge or withholding of a similar nature, or to any other concepts, refers to Luxembourg tax law and/or concepts only. Also, please note that a reference to Luxembourg income tax encompasses corporation income tax (impôt sur le revenu des collectivités), municipal business tax (impôt commercial communal), a solidarity surcharge (contribution au fonds pour l’emploi) as well as personal income tax (impôt sur le revenu) generally. Investors may further be subject to net wealth tax (impôt sur la fortune) as well as other duties, levies or taxes. Corporate income tax, municipal business tax as well as the solidarity surcharge (together referred to as Luxembourg Corporation Taxes) invariably apply to most corporate taxpayers resident of Luxembourg for tax purposes. Individual taxpayers are generally subject to personal income tax and the solidarity surcharge. Under certain circumstances, where an individual taxpayer acts in the course of the management of a professional or business undertaking, municipal business tax may apply as well.

Taxation of the Company

From a Luxembourg tax perspective, Luxembourg companies are considered as being resident in Luxembourg provided that they have either their registered office or their central administration in Luxembourg. The Company (a fully taxable company) will be considered as a resident of Luxembourg both for the purposes of Luxembourg domestic tax law and for the purposes of the double taxation treaties entered into by Luxembourg, and should therefore be able to obtain a residence certificate from the Luxembourg tax authorities.

The Company will be liable for Luxembourg Corporation Taxes. The standard applicable rate of Luxembourg Corporation Taxes for a company established in Luxembourg-city is 24.94% for the financial year ending on December 31, 2020. Luxembourg Corporation Taxes apply to the Company’s worldwide income (including capital gains), subject to the provisions of any relevant double taxation treaty. The taxable income of the Company is computed by application of all rules of the Luxembourg income tax law of 4 December 1967, as amended (loi concernant l’impôt sur le revenu), as commented and currently applied by the Luxembourg tax authorities (the “LIR”). Under the LIR, all income of the Company will be taxable in the financial period to which it economically relates and all deductible expenses of the Company will be deductible in the financial period to which they economically relate. Under certain conditions, dividends received by the Company from qualifying participations and capital gains realized by the Company on the sale of such participations may be exempt from Luxembourg Corporation Taxes under the Luxembourg participation exemption regime.

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The Company will generally be subject to net wealth tax levied annually at a 0.5% rate. Under certain conditions, qualifying participations may be exempt from net wealth tax under the Luxembourg participation exemption regime.

Taxation of Holders of Ordinary Shares

Withholding tax

Under Luxembourg tax laws currently in force, dividends paid by the Company are in principle subject to a Luxembourg withholding tax equal to 15% of the gross dividend (17.65% of the net dividend if the Company bears the cost of the withholding tax, which is not mandatory under Luxembourg tax laws). Responsibility for the withholding of the tax is assumed by the Company.

However, if a double tax treaty between Luxembourg and the country of residence of a holder of the Ordinary Shares applies, an exemption or a reduction of the Luxembourg withholding tax may be available pursuant to the relevant provisions of such double tax treaty.

In addition, pursuant to current Luxembourg tax laws, an exemption from Luxembourg dividend withholding tax may apply under the following conditions:


the holder of Ordinary Shares receiving the dividends is either (i) a fully taxable Luxembourg resident collective entity, (ii) a collective entity resident in an EU Member State and falling within the scope of article 2 of the Council directive of 30 November 2011 (2011/96/EU) on the common system of taxation applicable in the case of parent companies and subsidiaries of different EU Member States, as amended (the “EU Parent-Subsidiary Directive”), (iii) the Luxembourg State, a Luxembourg municipality, an association of a Luxembourg municipality or an operation of Luxembourg public- law entity, (iv) a permanent establishment of an entity referred to at letters (i), (ii) or (iii) above, (v) a Swiss resident joint-stock company subject to corporate income tax in Switzerland without benefiting from any exemption, (vi) a joint-stock company or a cooperative company resident in an EEA country (other than an EU Member State) to the extent that such company is fully taxable and subject (in its country of residence) to a tax corresponding to Luxembourg Corporation Taxes, as well as a permanent establishment of such company, or (vii) a collective entity resident in a treaty country, to the extent that such entity is fully taxable and subject (in its country of residence) to a tax corresponding to Luxembourg Corporation Taxes, as well as a Luxembourg permanent establishment of such entity; and


on the date on which the income is made available, the holder of Ordinary Shares holds or commits to hold directly (or even indirectly under certain conditions), for an uninterrupted period of at least twelve months, a participation of at least 10% in the share capital of the Company (or with an acquisition price of at least €1,200,000).

Income Taxation

(i) Taxation of dividend income

Holders of our Ordinary Shares who are either Luxembourg resident individuals or Luxembourg fully taxable resident companies (or foreign shareholders having a permanent establishment in Luxembourg through which such shares are held) will in principle be subject to tax at the ordinary rates on any dividends received from the Company. However, under Luxembourg tax laws currently in force, 50% of the amount of any dividend may be tax exempt at the level of these holders of our Ordinary Shares.

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The Luxembourg withholding tax levied at source on the dividends paid may, under certain conditions, be credited against the Luxembourg income tax due on these dividends.

Furthermore, certain corporate holders of our Ordinary Shares may benefit from an exemption from Luxembourg Corporation Taxes on dividend income under the following conditions:


the holder of our Ordinary Shares receiving the dividends is either (i) a fully taxable Luxembourg resident collective entity, (ii) a Luxembourg permanent establishment of an EU resident collective entity falling within the scope of article 2 of the EU Parent-Subsidiary Directive, (iii) a Luxembourg permanent establishment of a joint-stock company that is resident in a jurisdiction with which Luxembourg has concluded a double tax treaty, or (iv) a Luxembourg permanent establishment of a joint-stock company or of a cooperative company which is a resident of an EEA Member State (other than an EU Member State); and


on the date on which the income is made available, the holder of our Ordinary Shares holds or commits to hold directly (or even indirectly through certain entities) for an uninterrupted period of at least twelve months, a participation of at least 10% in the share capital of the Company (or with an acquisition price of at least €1,200,000).

The holder of our Ordinary Shares which is a Luxembourg resident entity governed by (i) the law of 17 December 2010 on undertakings for collective investment, as amended, (ii) the law of 13 February 2007 on specialized investment funds, as amended, (iii) the law of 11 May 2007 on the family estate management company, as amended, or (iv) the law of 23 July 2016 on reserved alternative investment funds, as amended, and which does not fall under the special tax regime set out in article 48 of the law of 23 July 2016 on reserved alternative investment funds, as amended, is not subject to any Luxembourg Corporation Taxes in respect of dividends received from the Company. No tax credit is then available for Luxembourg withholding tax on dividends received from the Company.

Non-resident shareholders (not having a permanent establishment in Luxembourg through which the shares are held) will in principle not be subject to Luxembourg income tax on any dividends received from the Company (except for the withholding tax mentioned above, if applicable).

(ii) Taxation of capital gains

Under current Luxembourg tax laws, capital gains realized by a Luxembourg resident individual holder of our Ordinary Shares (acting in the course of the management of his/her private wealth) upon the disposal of his/her shares are not subject to Luxembourg income tax, provided this disposal takes place more than six months after the shares were acquired and he/she does not hold a Substantial Participation (as defined below). The participation is considered a “Substantial Participation” if the holder of our Ordinary Shares (i) holds or has held (either solely or together with his/her spouse or partner and minor children) directly or indirectly more than 10% of the share capital of the Company at any time during a period of five years before the realization of the capital gain or (ii) acquired his/her shares for free during the five years preceding the disposal of his/her shares or, in the case of subsequent gratuitous transfers, one of the previous holders has held (either solely or together with his/her spouse or partner and minor children) directly or indirectly more than 10% of the share capital of the Company at any time during a period of five years before the realization of the capital gain.

Capital gains realized upon the disposal of shares by a Luxembourg resident corporate Shareholder (fully subject to Luxembourg Corporation Taxes) are in principle fully taxable. However, an exemption from Luxembourg Corporation Taxes applies under the following conditions:


the holder of our Ordinary Shares realizing the capital gains is either (i) a fully taxable Luxembourg resident collective entity, (ii) a Luxembourg permanent establishment of an EU resident collective entity falling within the scope of article 2 of the EU Parent-Subsidiary Directive, (iii) a Luxembourg permanent establishment of a joint-stock company that is resident in a jurisdiction with which Luxembourg has concluded a double tax treaty, or (iv) a Luxembourg permanent establishment of a joint-stock company or of a cooperative company which is a resident of an EEA Member State (other than an EU Member State); and


on the date on which the disposal takes place, the holder of our Ordinary Shares has held for an uninterrupted period of at least twelve months a participation of at least 10% in the share capital of the Company (or with an acquisition price of at least €6,000,000).

The holder of our Ordinary Shares which is a Luxembourg resident entity governed by (i) the law of 17 December 2010 on undertakings for collective investment, as amended, (ii) the law of 13 February 2007 on specialized investment funds, as amended, (iii) the law of 11 May 2007 on the family estate management company, as amended, or (iv) the law of 23 July 2016 on reserved alternative investment funds, as amended, and which does not fall under the special tax regime set out in article 48 of the law of 23 July 2016 on reserved alternative investment funds, as amended, is not subject to any Luxembourg Corporation Taxes in respect of capital gains realized upon disposal of its shares.

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Under Luxembourg tax laws currently in force (subject to the provisions of double taxation treaties), capital gains realized by a holder of our Ordinary Shares (not acting via a permanent establishment or a permanent representative in Luxembourg through which/whom the shares are held are not taxable in Luxembourg unless (a) the holder of our Ordinary Shares holds a Substantial Participation in the Company and the disposal of the shares takes place less than six months after the shares were acquired or (b) the holder of our Ordinary Shares has been a former Luxembourg resident for more than fifteen years and has become a non-resident, at the time of transfer, less than five years ago.

Net Wealth Taxation

A corporate holder of our Ordinary Shares that is either a resident of Luxembourg for tax purposes or that maintains a permanent establishment or a permanent representative in Luxembourg through which/​whom such shares are held is subject to Luxembourg wealth tax on such shares, except if the holder of our Ordinary Shares is governed by the law of 11 May 2007 on the family estate management company, as amended, by the law of 17 December 2010 on undertakings for collective investment, as amended, by the law of 13 February 2007 on specialized investment funds, as amended, by the law of 23 July 2016 on reserved alternative investment funds, as amended, or is a securitization company governed by the law of 22 March 2004 on securitization, as amended, or is a capital company governed by the law of 15 June 2004 on venture capital vehicles, as amended.

Any holder of our Ordinary Shares which is (i) a Luxembourg resident fully taxable collective entity, (ii) a Luxembourg permanent establishment of an EU resident collective entity falling within the scope of article 2 of the EU Parent-Subsidiary Directive, (iii) a domestic permanent establishment of a joint-stock company that is resident in a State with which Luxembourg has concluded a double tax treaty, or (iv) a domestic permanent establishment of a joint-stock company or of a cooperative company which is a resident of an EEA Member State (other than an EU Member State) may be exempt from Luxembourg net wealth tax on its shares if it holds a participation of at least 10% in the share capital of the Company (or with an acquisition price of at least €1,200,000).

An individual holder of our Ordinary Shares, whether he/she is resident of Luxembourg or not, is not subject to Luxembourg wealth tax on his/her shares.

Other Taxes

Under current Luxembourg tax laws, no registration tax or similar tax is in principle payable by the holder of our Ordinary Shares upon the acquisition, holding or disposal of the shares. However, a fixed registration duty of €12 may be due in the case where the shares are physically attached to a public deed or to any other document subject to mandatory registration, as well as in the case of a registration of the shares on a voluntary basis.

When the holder of our Ordinary Shares is a Luxembourg resident for inheritance tax assessment purposes at the time of his/her death, the shares are included in his/her taxable estate for Luxembourg inheritance tax assessment purposes.

Luxembourg gift tax may be due on a gift or donation of the shares if embodied in a notarial deed signed before a Luxembourg notary or recorded in Luxembourg.

Material United States Federal Income Tax Considerations for United States Holders

The following summary describes certain United States federal income tax considerations generally applicable to United States Holders (as defined below) of Ordinary Shares. This summary deals only with Ordinary Shares held as capital assets within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”). This summary also does not address the tax considerations that may be relevant to holders in special tax situations including, without limitation, dealers in securities, traders that elect to use a mark-to-market method of accounting, holders that own Ordinary Shares as part of a “straddle,” “hedge,” “conversion transaction,” or other integrated investment, banks or other financial institutions, individual retirement accounts and other tax-deferred accounts, insurance companies, tax-exempt organizations, United States expatriates, holders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar, holders subject to the alternative minimum tax, holders that acquired Ordinary Shares in a compensatory transaction, holders which are entities or arrangements treated as partnerships for United States federal income tax purposes or holders that actually or constructively through attribution own 10% or more of the total voting power or value of our outstanding Ordinary Shares.

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This summary is based upon the Internal Revenue Code, applicable United States Treasury regulations, administrative pronouncements and judicial decisions, in each case as in effect on the date hereof, all of which are subject to change (possibly with retroactive effect). No ruling will be requested from the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) regarding the tax considerations described herein, and there can be no assurance that the IRS will agree with the discussion set forth below. This summary does not address any United States federal tax considerations other than United States federal income tax considerations (such as the estate and gift tax or the Medicare tax on net investment income).

As used herein, the term “United States Holder” means a beneficial owner of the Ordinary Shares that is, for United States federal income tax purposes, (i) a citizen or resident of the United States, (ii) a corporation or other entity taxable as a corporation created or organized under the laws of the United States or any state thereof or therein or the District of Columbia, (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to United States federal income taxation regardless of its source, or (iv) a trust (a) that is subject to the supervision of a court within the United States and the control of one or more United States persons as described in Internal Revenue Code Section 7701(a)(30), or (b) that has a valid election in effect under applicable United States Treasury regulations to be treated as a “United States person.”

If an entity or other arrangement treated as a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes acquires Ordinary Shares, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Such a partner or partnership should consult its tax adviser as to the particular United States federal income tax considerations of acquiring, owning, and disposing of Ordinary Shares in its particular circumstance.

THE SUMMARY OF UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS SET FORTH BELOW IS FOR GENERAL INFORMATION ONLY. UNITED STATES HOLDERS SHOULD CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISERS AS TO THE PARTICULAR TAX CONSIDERATIONS TO THEM OF OWNING ORDINARY SHARES, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECT OF FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND NON-U.S. TAX LAWS AND POSSIBLE CHANGES IN TAX LAW.

Dividends

As stated above under Item 8.A. “Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information - Dividend Policy,” we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our Ordinary Shares in the foreseeable future. We intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings to fund the development and expansion of our business. However, if we do pay any dividends, subject to the discussion below under “-Passive Foreign Investment Company,” the amount of dividends paid to a United States Holder with respect to Ordinary Shares before reduction for any Luxembourg taxes withheld therefrom will generally be included in the United States Holder’s gross income as ordinary income from foreign sources to the extent paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for United States federal income tax purposes). Distributions in excess of earnings and profits will be treated as a non-taxable return of capital to the extent of the United States Holder’s adjusted tax basis in those Ordinary Shares and thereafter as capital gain. However, we do not intend to calculate our earnings and profits under United States federal income tax principles. Therefore, United States Holders should expect to treat a distribution as a dividend even if that distribution would otherwise be treated as a non-taxable return of capital or as capital gain under the rules described above. The amount of any distribution paid in foreign currency will be equal to the U.S. dollar value of such currency, translated at the spot rate of exchange on the date such distribution is received, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S. dollars at that time.

Foreign withholding tax (if any) paid on dividends on Ordinary Shares at the rate applicable to a United States Holder (taking into account any applicable income tax treaty) will, subject to limitations and conditions, be treated as foreign income tax eligible for credit against such holder’s United States federal income tax liability or, at such holder’s election, eligible for deduction in computing such holder’s United States federal taxable income. Dividends paid on Ordinary Shares will generally constitute “passive category income” for purposes of the foreign tax credit. However, if the Company is a “United States-owned foreign corporation,” solely for foreign tax credit purposes, a portion of the dividends allocable to our United States source earnings and profits may be re-characterized as United States source. A “United States-owned foreign corporation” is any foreign corporation in which United States persons own, directly or indirectly, 50% or more (by vote or by value) of the stock. In general, United States-owned foreign corporations with less than 10% of earnings and profits attributable to sources within the United States are excepted from these rules.

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If the Company is or were to become a United States-owned foreign corporation, and if 10% or more of the Company’s earnings and profits are attributable to sources within the United States, a portion of the dividends paid on the Ordinary Shares allocable to our United States source earnings and profits will be treated as United States source, and, as such, a United States Holder may not offset any foreign tax withheld as a credit against United States federal income tax imposed on that portion of dividends. The rules governing the treatment of foreign taxes imposed on a United States Holder and foreign tax credits are complex, and United States Holders should consult their tax advisers about the impact of these rules in their particular situations.

Dividends paid to a non-corporate United States Holder by a “qualified foreign corporation” may be subject to reduced rates of taxation if certain holding period and other requirements are met. “Qualified foreign corporation” generally includes a foreign corporation (other than a foreign corporation that is a PFIC with respect to the relevant United States Holder for the taxable year in which the dividends are paid or for the preceding taxable year) (i) whose Ordinary Shares are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States, or (ii) which is eligible for benefits under a comprehensive United States income tax treaty that includes an exchange of information program and which the United States Treasury Department has determined is satisfactory for these purposes. Ordinary Shares are expected to be readily tradable on Nasdaq, an established securities market. United States Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding the availability of the reduced tax rate on dividends paid with respect to Ordinary Shares. The dividends will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction available to United States Holders that are corporations in respect of dividends received from other United States corporations.

Disposition of Ordinary Shares

Subject to the discussion below under “-Passive Foreign Investment Company,” a United States Holder will generally recognize capital gain or loss for United States federal income tax purposes on the sale or other taxable disposition of Ordinary Shares equal to the difference, if any, between the amount realized and the United States Holder’s tax basis in those Ordinary Shares. In general, capital gains recognized by a non-corporate United States Holder, including an individual, are subject to a lower rate if such United States Holder held the Ordinary Shares for more than one year. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. Any such gain or loss will generally be treated as United States source income or loss for purposes of the foreign tax credit. A United States Holder’s tax basis in Ordinary Shares will generally equal the cost of such Ordinary Shares.

Passive Foreign Investment Company

The Company would be a PFIC for any taxable year if, after the application of certain look-through rules, either: (i) 75% or more of its gross income for such year is “passive income” (as defined in the relevant provisions of the Internal Revenue Code), or (ii) 50% or more of the value of its assets (generally determined on the basis of a quarterly average) during such year is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income. Based on our market capitalization and the composition of our income, assets and operations, we believe we were not a PFIC for the year ending December 31, 2020 and do not expect to be a PFIC for United States federal income tax purposes for the current taxable year or in the foreseeable future. However, this is a factual determination that must be made annually after the close of each taxable year. Moreover, the aggregate value of our assets for purposes of the PFIC determination may be determined by reference to the trading price of Ordinary Shares, which could fluctuate significantly. Therefore, there can be no assurance that we will not be classified as a PFIC for the current taxable year or in the foreseeable future. Certain adverse United States federal income tax consequences could apply to a United States Holder if we are treated as a PFIC for any taxable year during which such United States Holder holds Ordinary Shares. Under the PFIC rules, if we were considered a PFIC at any time that a United States Holder holds Ordinary Shares, we would continue to be treated as a PFIC with respect to such holder’s investment unless (i) we cease to be a PFIC and (ii) the United States Holder has made a “deemed sale” election under the PFIC rules.

If we are a PFIC for any taxable year that a United States Holder holds Ordinary Shares, any gain recognized by the United States Holder on a sale or other disposition of Ordinary Shares would be allocated pro-rata over the United States Holder’s holding period for the Ordinary Shares. The amounts allocated to the taxable year of the sale or other disposition and to any year before we became a PFIC would be taxed as ordinary income. The amount allocated to each other taxable year would be subject to tax at the highest rate in effect for individuals or the highest rate in effect for corporations, as appropriate, for that taxable year, and an interest charge would be imposed. Further, to the extent that any distribution received by a United States Holder on Ordinary Shares exceeds 125% of the average of the annual distributions on the Ordinary Shares received during the preceding three years or the United States Holder’s holding period, whichever is shorter, that distribution would be subject to taxation in the same manner as gain on the sale or other disposition of Ordinary Shares if we were a PFIC, described above. Certain elections may be available that would result in alternative treatments, such as mark-to-market treatment, of the Ordinary Shares. Each United States Holder should consult its tax adviser as to whether a mark-to-market election would be available or advisable with respect to the Ordinary Shares. If we are treated as a PFIC with respect to a United States Holder for any taxable year, the United States Holder will be deemed to own equity in any of the entities in which we own equity that also are PFICs. However, an election for mark-to-market treatment would likely not be available with respect to any such entities. We do not expect to prepare or provide the information that would enable United States Holders to make a qualified electing fund election. If we are considered a PFIC, a United States Holder also will be subject to annual information reporting requirements. United States Holders should consult their tax advisers about the potential application of the PFIC rules to an investment in the Ordinary Shares.

79


Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

Dividend payments and proceeds paid from the sale or other taxable disposition of Ordinary Shares may be subject to information reporting to the IRS. In addition, a United States Holder (other than an exempt holder who establishes its exempt status if required) may be subject to backup withholding on cash payments received in connection with any dividend payments and proceeds from the sale or other taxable disposition of Ordinary Shares made within the United States or through certain U.S.-related financial intermediaries.

Backup withholding will not apply, however, to a United States Holder who furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number, makes other required certification and otherwise complies with the applicable requirements of the backup withholding rules. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, any amount withheld under the backup withholding rules will be creditable or refundable against the United States Holder’s United States federal income tax liability, provided the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.

Foreign Financial Asset Reporting

Certain United States Holders are required to report their holdings of certain foreign financial assets, including equity of foreign entities, if the aggregate value of all of these assets exceeds certain threshold amounts. The Ordinary Shares are expected to constitute foreign financial assets subject to these requirements unless the Ordinary Shares are held in an account at certain financial institutions. United States Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding the application of these reporting requirements.

10.F.          Dividends and Paying Agents
 
Not applicable.
 
10.G.          Statement by Experts
 
Not applicable.
 
10.H.          Documents on Display
 
We are subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act. Accordingly, we will be required to file reports and other information with the SEC, including annual reports on Form 20-F and reports on Form 6-K. The SEC maintains an internet website that contains reports and other information about issuers, like us, that file electronically with the SEC. The address of that website is www.sec.gov.

As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt under the Exchange Act from, among other things, the rules prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements, and our officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. Furthermore, as a foreign private issuer, we are also not subject to the requirements of Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure) promulgated under the Exchange Act. In addition, we will not be required under the Exchange Act to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as U.S. companies whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act. Instead, we must file with the SEC, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year, or such other applicable time as required by the SEC, an annual report on Form 20-F containing consolidated financial statements audited by an independent registered public accounting firm. We also intend to furnish certain other material information to the SEC under cover of Form 6-K.

We maintain a corporate website at https://neogames.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute a part of this annual report on Form 20-F. We have included our website address in this annual report on Form 20-F solely as an inactive textual reference.

80

 
10.I.          Subsidiary Information
 
Not applicable.
 
ITEM 11.          QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
 
Our operations are exposed to a variety of financial risks: market and currency risk, interest rate risk, contractual risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. Our overall risk management program focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to minimize potential adverse effects on our financial performance.

Risk management is carried out by management under policies approved by our board of directors.

Further quantitative information in respect of these risks is presented throughout our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

There have been no substantive changes in our exposure to financial instrument risks, our objectives, policies and processes for managing those risks or the methods used to measure them from previous periods unless otherwise stated below.

Market and Currency Risk

Market risk is the risk of loss that may arise from changes in market factors such as interest rates and foreign exchange rates.

We have exposure to foreign currency risk. Sales invoicing to customers is denominated primarily in U.S. dollars and euros and the Company’s most material expenses, such as labor, are denominated in New Israeli Shekels.

Our board of directors carefully monitors exchange rate fluctuations and reviews their impact on our net assets and position. Exchange rates are negotiated with our main provider of banking services as and when needed. We do not enter into any derivative financial instruments to manage our exposure to foreign currency risk.

 A decrease of 5% in the U.S. dollar/NIS exchange rate would have increased our cost of revenue and operating expenses by approximately 2.7% and 3.4% during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Since December 31, 2019, we have seen significant macro-economic uncertainty as a result of the COVID-19 outbreak. The scale and duration of this development remains uncertain and could impact our earnings and cash flow. As part of our risk management process, we are closely monitoring the situation, including factors as outlined elsewhere in this Annual Report as it relates to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

Interest Rate Risk

Due to our minimal exposure to interest rate risk, we have not prepared any sensitivity analysis.

Contractual Risk

In the ordinary course of business, we contract with various parties. These contracts may include performance obligations, indemnities and contractual commitments and termination for convenience clauses. Also, in certain contracts we are committed to follow strict service-level agreement delivery commitments associated with heavy liquidated damages for events of failures. Our management monitors our performance under contracts with any relevant counterparties against such contractual conditions to mitigate the risk of material, adverse non-compliance.

Credit Risk

Credit risk is the financial loss if a customer or counterparty to financial instruments fails to meet its contractual obligation. Credit risk arises from our cash and cash equivalents and trade and other balances. The concentration of our credit risk is considered by counterparty, geography and currency. We give careful consideration to which organizations we use for our banking services in order to minimize credit risk.

81


An allowance for impairment is made where there is an identified loss event which, based on previous experience, is evidence of a reduction in the recoverability of the cash flows, although there have been no such impairments over the review year. We use forward looking information in their analysis of expected credit losses for all instruments, which is limited to the carry value of cash and cash equivalents and trade and other balances. Our management considers the above measures to be sufficient to control the credit risk exposure.

Liquidity Risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that we will not be able to meet our financial obligations when due. This risk relates to our prudent liquidity risk management and implies maintaining sufficient cash. Ultimate responsibility for liquidity risk management rests with our board of directors. Our board of directors manages liquidity risk by regularly reviewing our cash requirements by reference to short-term cash flow forecasts and medium-term working capital projections prepared by management.
  
ITEM 12.          DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES
 
Not Applicable.

PART TWO
 
ITEM 13.          DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES
 
None.
 
ITEM 14.          MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS
 
 On November 10, 2020, in connection with our IPO, we amended and restated our articles of association. A copy of our amended and restated articles of association is being filed as Exhibit 1.1 to this Annual Report. See Item 10.B. “Additional Information - Memorandum and Articles of Association.”

On November 23, 2020, we completed the IPO of our Ordinary Shares. We sold 2,987,625 Ordinary Shares and six of our shareholders sold 2,541,025 Ordinary Shares (including 721,128 Ordinary Shares sold pursuant to the exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional Ordinary Shares). The Ordinary Shares were sold at an initial public offering price of $17.00 per share. The Ordinary Shares offered and sold in the IPO were registered under the Securities Act pursuant to our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-249683), which was declared effective by the SEC on November 18, 2020.

The offering did not terminate until after the sale of all 5,528,650 Ordinary Shares registered on the registration statement. The aggregate offering price for the shares registered and sold was approximately $94.0 million. Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated acted as representatives of the several underwriters.

The IPO generated proceeds to us of approximately $47.2 million, net of underwriting discounts and commissions of approximately $3.6 million. We paid out of Company proceeds all of our fees, costs and expenses in connection with the IPO.

No offering expenses were paid directly or indirectly to any of our directors or officers (or their associates), persons owning 10% or more of our Ordinary Shares or any other affiliates.

There has been no material change in the expected use of the net proceeds from our IPO as described in our final prospectus filed with the SEC on November 20, 2020 pursuant to Rule 424(b).
 
ITEM 15.          CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

(a)
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2020. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of December 31, 2020, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

82

 
(b)
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 
This Annual Report does not include a report of management’s assessment regarding internal control over financial reporting due to a transition period established by rules of the SEC for newly public companies.
 
(c)
Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm
 
This Annual Report does not include an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm due to a transition period established by rules of the SEC for newly public companies. Additionally, our independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to opine on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting until we are no longer an emerging growth company.
 
(d)
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the period covered by this Annual Report that have materially affected, or that are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
 
ITEM 16.          [Reserved]

ITEM 16A.          Audit Committee Financial Expert
 
Our Board has determined that Mr. Taylor and Mr. Teitgen each satisfy the “independence” requirements set forth in Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act. Our board of directors has also determined that Mr. Taylor is considered an “audit committee financial expert” as defined in Item 16A of Form 20-F under the Exchange Act.
 
ITEM 16B.          CODE OF ETHICS
 
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
 
We have adopted a Code of Ethics and Conduct that applies to all our employees, officers and directors, including our principal executive, principal financial and principal accounting officers. Our Code of Ethics and Conduct addresses, among other things, the handling of conflicts of interest, compliance issues and other corporate policies such as equal opportunity and non-discrimination standards. Our Code of Ethics and Conduct is available on our website at www.neogames.com. The information contained on our website is not incorporated by reference in this Annual Report.

Under Item 16B of Form 20-F, if a waiver or amendment of the Code of Ethics applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer, controller and other persons performing similar functions and relates to standards promoting any of the values described in Item 16B(b) of Form 20-F, we will disclose such waiver or amendment (i) on our website within five business days following the date of amendment or waiver in accordance with the requirements of Instruction 4 to Item 16B or (ii) through the filing of a Form 6-K. We granted no waivers under our Code of Ethics in 2020.
 
ITEM 16C.          PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
 
The consolidated financial statements of NeoGames S.A. as of December 31, 2019 and 2020, and for each the two years in the period ended December 31, 2020, appearing in this Annual Report have been audited by Ziv Haft, Certified Public Accountants, Isr., BDO Member Firm, an independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report thereon appearing elsewhere herein, and are included in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing. The current address of Ziv Haft, Certified Public Accountants, Isr., BDO Member Firm is Amot Bituach House Bldg. B 48, Derech Menachem Begin Rd. Tel Aviv 6618001.

83


The table below sets out the total amount billed to us by Ziv Haft, Certified Public Accountants, Isr., BDO Member Firm, for services performed in the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2020, and breaks down these amounts by category of service:

   
2020
   
2019
 
   
(in thousands)
 
Audit Fees
 
$
293
   
$
358
 
Audit Related Fees
   
-
     
-
 
Tax Fees
   
34
     
54
 
All Other Fees
   
-
     
-
 
Total
   
327
     
412
 
 
Audit Fees

The fees for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of the Company’s financial statements and procedures performed with respect to the prospectuses. These amounts included services performed in relation to the Company’s initial public offering preparation on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) and the initial public offering completed on Nasdaq in November 2020.

Audit Related Fees

The fees for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of the Company’s financial statements.

Tax Fees

Tax fees for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2020 were related to tax compliance and tax planning services.

All Other Fees

All other fees in the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2020 related to services in connection with non-audit compliance and review work.

Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures

The advance approval of the Audit Committee or members thereof, to whom approval authority has been delegated, is required for all audit and non-audit services provided by our auditors.

All services provided by our auditors are approved in advance by either the Audit Committee.

ITEM 16D.        EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES
 
 Pursuant to Nasdaq’s “phase-in” rules for newly listed companies and the rules and regulations of the SEC, we have one year from the date on which we were first listed on Nasdaq, or until November 23, 2021, to have our audit committee be comprised solely of independent directors. In connection with our initial listing on Nasdaq and registration under the Exchange Act, we elected to use the exemption from audit committee standards set forth in Rule 10A-3(b)(1)(iv)(A) of the Exchange Act. We intend to nominate Lisbeth McNabb to be elected as a full voting member of our board of directors at the 2021 General Meeting. Subject to Ms. McNabb’s election, she will serve as the third independent director on the audit committee and will chair the committee. Our board of directors has determined that reliance on the phase-in exemption did not materially adversely affect the ability of our audit committee to act independently and to satisfy the other requirements of Rule 10A-3.
 
ITEM 16E.        PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS
 
None.
 
ITEM 16F.        CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT
 
None.

84

 
ITEM 16G.          CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
 
Corporate Governance Practices

We are a “foreign private issuer” (as such term is defined in Rule 3b-4 under the Exchange Act) and our Ordinary Shares are listed on Nasdaq.

As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted under Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 5615(a)(3) to follow certain of our home country, Luxembourg, corporate governance practices instead of the Nasdaq corporate governance rules, provided we disclose which requirements we are not following and the equivalent Luxembourg requirement. We must also provide Nasdaq with a letter from outside counsel in Luxembourg, certifying that our corporate governance practices are not prohibited by Luxembourg law. As of the date of this annual report, we do not follow any Luxembourg rules instead of Nasdaq corporate governance rules. Subject to using the controlled company exemption described under Item 6.C “Board Practices—Controlled Company Exemption,” we intend to substantially comply with the rules applicable to U.S. companies listed on Nasdaq. Subject to the controlled company exemption, we may in the future elect to follow home country practices with regard to various corporate governance requirements for which exemptions are available to foreign private issuers, including certain requirements prescribed by Nasdaq with regard to, among other things, the composition of our board of directors and shareholder approval procedures for certain dilutive events and for the adoption of, and material changes to, equity incentive plans. Following our home country governance practices, as opposed to the requirements that would otherwise apply to a company listed on Nasdaq, may provide less protection than is accorded to investors under Nasdaq rules applicable to domestic issuers.
 
ITEM 16H.        MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
 
Not applicable.
85


PART THREE
 
ITEM 17.          FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
We have provided financial statements pursuant to Item 18.
 
ITEM 18.          FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
The audited consolidated financial statements as required under Item 18 are attached hereto starting on page F-1 of this Annual Report. The audit report of Ziv Haft, Certified Public Accountants, Isr., BDO Member Firm, an independent registered public accounting firm, is included herein preceding the audited consolidated financial statements.
 
ITEM 19.          EXHIBITS
 
The following are filed as exhibits hereto: 

101.INS
XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF
XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

#          Unofficial English translation from Hebrew original
*          Filed herewith
**        Furnished herewith
***      Portions of this exhibit have been redacted pursuant to Item 4 of the Instructions As To Exhibits of Form 20-F because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to the registrant if publicly disclosed. The Registrant hereby agrees to furnish an unredacted copy of the exhibit to the Commission upon request.

86

SIGNATURES
 
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this Annual Report on its behalf.
 
 
NEOGAMES S.A.
 
 
 
 
 
 Date: April 16, 2021
By:
/s/ Moti Malul
 
 
 
Moti Malul
 
 
 
Title: Chief Executive Officer
 
 
87

 
NEOGAMES S. A.

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2020



        
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2020
 
CONTENTS
 
 
Page
   
F-2
   
F-3 - F-4
   
F-5
   
F-6
   
F-7
   
F-8 - F-26



Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors
NeoGames S.A.

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of NeoGames S.A. and its subsidiaries (“the Company”), as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss), changes in equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes (collectively, the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2020, in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.
 
Change in Accounting Principle
 
As discussed in Note 2W to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has changed its method of accounting for leases as of January 1, 2019, due to the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standard 16, Leases.
 
Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
 
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ Ziv Haft
Ziv Haft
Certified Public Accountants (Isr.)
BDO Member Firm

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2014.
April 16, 2021
Tel Aviv, Israel
F - 2

NEOGAMES S.A

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION


         
December 31,
 
         
2020
   
2019
 
   
Note
   
U.S. dollars (in thousands)
 
ASSETS
                 
                   
                   
CURRENT ASSETS
                 
Cash and cash equivalents
         
59,767
     
6,016
 
Restricted deposits
         
12
     
138
 
Prepaid expenses and other receivables
         
1,446
     
905
 
Aspire Group
   
6
     
56
     
296
 
Due from the Michigan Joint Operation and NPI
   
7
     
3,192
     
250
 
Trade receivables
           
3,701
     
2,737
 
             
68,174
     
10,342
 
                         
NON-CURRENT ASSETS
                       
Restricted deposits
           
164
     
150
 
Restricted deposits - Joint Venture
   
7
     
3,773
     
2,000
 
Company share of Joint Venture net assets
   
7
     
-
     
603
 
Property and equipment
   
4
     
1,301
     
849
 
Intangible assets
   
5
     
17,835
     
14,413
 
Right-of-use assets
   
2
     
3,127
     
4,688
 
Deferred taxes
   
15
     
211
     
130
 
             
26,411
     
22,833
 
 
                       
TOTAL ASSETS
           
94,585
     
33,175
 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F - 3

NEOGAMES S.A
 
 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION AS OF DECEMBER 31

         
December 31,
 
         
2020
   
2019
 
   
Note
   
U.S. dollars (in thousands)
 
                   
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY (DEFICIT)
                 
                   
 CURRENT LIABILITIES
                 
 Trade and other payables
   
8
     
4,910
     
1,855
 
Lease liabilities
   
2
     
1,651
     
1,455
 
Loans and other due to William Hill, net
   
6
     
1,972
     
14,245
 
 Employees' related payables and accruals
           
3,562
     
2,583
 
             
12,095
     
20,138
 
                         
 NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES
                       
Capital notes, loans and accrued interest due to Aspire Group
   
6
     
17,739
     
14,987
 
Loans and other due to William Hill, net
   
6
     
10,666
     
-
 
Company share of Joint Venture net liabilities
   
7
     
1,025
     
-
 
Lease liabilities
   
2
     
1,855
     
3,382
 
 Accrued severance pay, net
   
9
     
384
     
276
 
             
31,669
     
18,645
 
                         
EQUITY (DEFICIT)
                       
 Share capital
           
44
     
21
 
 Reserve with respect to transaction under common control
   
2
     
(8,467
)
   
(8,467
)
 Reserve with respect to funding transaction with related parties
           
20,072
     
16,940
 
 Share premium
           
68,608
     
22,788
 
 Share based payments reserve
   
18
     
3,907
     
2,967
 
 Accumulated losses
           
(33,343
)
   
(39,857
)
             
50,821
     
(5,608
)
                         
 TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY (DEFICIT)
           
94,585
     
33,175
 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F - 4

NEOGAMES S.A
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)      

     
         
For the year ended December 31,
 
         
2020
   
2019
   
2018
 
   
Note
   
U.S. dollars (in thousands)
 
                         
Revenues
   
11
     
49,202
     
33,062
     
23,478
 
                                 
Distribution expenses
   
12
     
6,685
     
4,252
     
4,519
 
Development expenses
           
7,452
     
6,877
     
5,782
 
Selling and marketing expenses
           
1,483
     
1,981
     
1,457
 
General and administrative expenses
   
13
     
7,496
     
4,957
     
4,948
 
Initial public offering expenses
           
2,796
     
-
     
-
 
Depreciation and amortization
   
4,5
     
11,657
     
9,685
     
7,759
 
             
37,569
     
27,752
     
24,465
 
                                 
Profit (loss) from operations
           
11,633
     
5,310
     
(987
)
                                 
Interest expenses with respect to funding from related parties
   
6
     
4,343
     
3,792
     
2,309
 
Finance income
   
14
     
(21
)
   
(53
)
   
-
 
Finance expenses
   
14
     
747
     
382
     
195
 
Profit (loss) before income taxes expenses
           
6,564
     
1,189
     
(3,491
)
                                 
Income taxes expenses
   
15
     
(1,443
)
   
(1,243
)
   
(586
)
                                 
Profit (loss) after income taxes expenses
           
5,121
     
(54
)
   
(4,077
)
                                 
The Company's share in gains (losses) of the Joint Venture
   
7
     
1,393
     
(3,924
)
   
(1,898
)
                                 
Net and total comprehensive income (loss)
           
6,514
     
(3,978
)
   
(5,975
)
Net income (loss) per common share outstanding, basic ($)
           
0.29
     
(0.18
)
   
(0.27
)
Net income(loss) per common share outstanding, diluted ($)
           
0.27
     
(0.18
)
   
(0.27
)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, basic
   
17
     
22,329,281
     
21,983,757
     
21,983,757
 
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, diluted
   
17
     
23,898,477
     
21,983,757
     
21,983,757
 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F - 5

            NEOGAMES S.A

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (DEFICIT)

 
 
Share capital
   
Share premium
   
Accumulated gains (losses)
   
Share based payments reserve
   
Reserve with respect to funding transactions with related parties
   
Reserve with respect to transaction under common control
   
Total equity (deficit)
 
 
 
U.S. dollars (in thousands)
 
Balance as of January 1, 2018
   
21
     
22,788
     
(29,904
)
   
2,352
     
16,940
     
(8,467
)
   
3,730
 
                                                         
Changes in the year:
                                                       
Total comprehensive loss for the year
                   
(5,975
)
                           
(5,975
)
Balance as of December 31, 2018
   
21
     
22,788
     
(35,879
)
   
2,352
     
16,940
     
(8,467
)
   
(2,245
)
                                                         
Changes in the year:
                                                       
Share based compensation
                           
615
                     
615
 
Total comprehensive loss for the year
                   
(3,978
)
                           
(3,978
)
Balance as of December 31, 2019
   
21
     
22,788
     
(39,857
)
   
2,967
     
16,940
     
(8,467
)
   
(5,608
)
                                                         
Changes in the year:
                                                       
Share based compensation
                           
969
                     
969
 
Benefit to the Company by an equity holder with respect to funding transactions
                                   
3,132
             
3,132
 
Recapitalization of share capital
   
23
     
(23
)
                                   
-
 
Issuance of ordinary shares, net of issuance cost, in an initial public offering,
   
-
     
45,810
                                     
45,810
 
Exercise of employee options to ordinary shares
   
-
     
33
             
(29
)
                   
4
 
Total comprehensive income for the year
                   
6,514
                             
6,514
 
Balance as of December 31, 2020
   
44
*
   
68,608
     
(33,343
)
   
3,907
     
20,072
     
(8,467
)
   
50,821
 

*    24,983,855 shares, no par value, authorized issued and fully paid.
**   On November 10, 2020, the Company completed a 1: 8.234 (approximated) reverse split of its share capital by way of conversion of its then existing 181,003,584 shares into 21,983,757 shares, which were applied retrospectively.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F - 6

NEOGAMES S.A

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

   
For the year ended December 31,
 
   
2020
   
2019
   
2018
 
   
U.S. dollars (in thousands)
 
Cash flows from operating activities:
                 
Net profit (loss) for the period
   
6,514
     
(3,978
)
   
(5,975
)
                         
Adjustments for:
                       
Amortization and depreciation
   
11,657
     
9,685
     
7,759
 
Income taxes expenses
   
1,443
     
1,243
     
586
 
Income taxes paid
   
(606
)
   
(461
)
   
(376
)
Interest expenses with respect to lease liability
   
672
     
366
     
-
 
Interest expenses with respect to funding from related parties
   
4,343
     
3,792
     
2,309
 
Interest paid
   
(684
)
   
(645
)
   
(223
)
Other finance expenses, net
   
726
     
329
     
202
 
Payments with respect to IP Option
   
478
     
825
     
-
 
Share based compensation
   
969
     
615
     
-
 
The Company share in losses (gains) of the Joint Venture
   
(1,393
)
   
3,924
     
1,898
 
Initial public offering expenses
   
2,430
     
-
     
-
 
Increase in trade receivables
   
(1,286
)
   
(304
)
   
(1,683
)
Increase in prepaid expenses and other receivables
   
(541
)
   
(397
)
   
(136
)
Decrease (Increase) in Aspire Group
   
240
     
(152
)
   
(42
)
Decrease (increase) in amounts due from the Michigan Joint Operation and NPI
   
(2,942
)
   
(60
)
   
498
 
Increase (decrease) in trade and other payables
   
1,411
     
(460
)
   
(68
)
Increase in employees' related payables and accruals
   
979
     
731
     
587
 
Accrued severance pay, net
   
108
     
(13
)
   
42
 
     
18,004
     
19,018
     
11,353
 
 Net cash generated from operating activities
   
24,518
     
15,040
     
5,378
 
                         
Cash flows from investing activities:
                       
Purchase of property and equipment
   
(928
)
   
(756
)
   
(392
)
Capitalized development costs
   
(13,128
)
   
(11,454
)
   
(8,033
)
Restricted deposits - Joint Venture
   
(1,773
)
   
(853
)
   
(1,147
)
Net change in deposits
   
112
     
(147
)
   
-
 
Proceeds from (funding to) the Joint Venture
   
3,021
     
(4,214
)
   
(2,149
)
Net cash used in investing activities
   
(12,696
)
   
(17,424
)
   
(11,721
)
                         
Cash flows from financing activities:
                       
Loans from William Hill
   
2,500
     
6,500
     
6,000
 
Repayment of loan from William Hill
   
(2,500
)
   
-
     
-
 
Repayments for lease liabilities
   
(1,455
)
   
(1,334
)
   
-
 
Exercise of employee options
   
4
     
-
     
-
 
Issuance of shares, net of issuance costs and other initial public offering expenses
   
43,380
     
-
     
-
 
Net cash generated from financing activities
   
41,929
     
5,166
     
6,000
 
                         
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
   
53,751
     
2,782
     
(343
)
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year
   
6,016
     
3,234
     
3,577
 
                         
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year
   
59,767
     
6,016
     
3,234
 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F - 7

NEOGAMES S.A

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1 - GENERAL

Neogames S.A. (together with its subsidiaries, the “Company”) was incorporated in Luxemburg on April 10, 2014. On November 10, 2020 the Company changed its corporate form from a private limited liability company to public limited liability company, changed its name from Neogames S.à.r.l. to NeoGames S.A and completed a 1: 8.234 (approximated) reverse split of its share capital which were applied retrospectively in this consolidated financial statements. The Company has been listed on Nasdaq since November 19, 2020, under the symbol “NGMS”.

On November 24, 2020, the Company completed an initial public offering of 5,528,650 ordinary shares, no par value, including 721,128 ordinary shares sold pursuant to the full exercise of the underwriters’ overallotment option. The offering consisted of 2,987,625 ordinary shares offered by the Company and 2,541,025 ordinary shares offered by certain selling shareholders. The ordinary shares were sold at an offering price of $17.00 per ordinary share for an aggregate offering value of $94.0 million.

The Company, together with a joint operation and a joint venture, is a leading global technology provider engaged in the development and operation of online lotteries and games, allowing lottery operators to distribute lottery products via online sales channels while using the Company’s technology.
 
The Company serves content and platform contracts across Europe and the United States of America through its wholly owned operating subsidiaries: NeoGames Systems Ltd. (“NGS”), incorporated in 2014, and NeoGames Ukraine, incorporated in 2018. In 2014, the Company incorporated NeoGames US LLP (“NeoGames US”) serving as the active arm for the North American market and in 2018 incorporated NeoGames S.R.O, in the Czech Republic to operate the Company’s Czech project.
 
The Company’s principal shareholders are William Hill Organization Limited (“William Hill”), Barak Matalon, Pinhas Zehavi, Elyahu Azur and Aharon Aran, that collectively own a majority of Aspire Global Plc (“Aspire”), a publicly traded company which conducts iGaming operations through its subsidiaries (together with Aspire, the “Aspire Group”).
 
William Hill funded the Company’s growth in a form of a credit facility (see Note 6). William Hill also had options to acquire the remaining share capital of the Company in consideration for performance-based amounts, of which one was expired in 2019 and the second was waived on September 9, 2020, as a result of the Board of Directors’ resolution that the Company will take the necessary steps to prepare for an initial public offering.

The Company, together with a publicly traded Canadian Company, Pollard Banknote Limited (“Pollard”), developed, established and operate a licensed iLottery platform on behalf of the State of Michigan in the United States (the “Michigan Joint Operation”), whereby the relating contract was extended in December 2020 through July 2026.
 
On July 31, 2014, Pollard and NeoGames US jointly established an equal ownership share, NeoPollard Interactive LLC (“NPI” or the “Joint Venture”) in order to participate in iLottery tenders in the North American market. NPI has operated the Virginia State Lottery online e-Subscription program, since 2015, whereby the relating contract was extended in May 2020 and expanded to include a digital instant games portfolio, through October 2026, the iLottery platform on behalf of New Hampshire Lottery since September 2018 (initial terms of seven years) and the North Carolina Education Lottery iLottery platform since October 2019 (initial terms of five years with an option to extend for additional five years).
 
In April 2017, the Company developed, established and launched the Digital Entertainment Hub solution together with the leading lottery operator in the Czech Republic, SAZKA a.s., whereby the relating contract was extended on March 31, 2020  through the end of December 2025.
 
On March 19, 2020, NPI signed an agreement with Alberta Gaming, Liquor and Cannabis Commission (“AGLC”) to develop, deploy and maintain its digital solutions and power its proposed interactive offering. This contract has an initial term of seven years, with an option to extend for five years. The solution was launched on September 30, 2020.

The Company is carefully monitoring the outbreak and spread of the coronavirus (“COVID-19”) across the world and specifically in the United States. Proactive measures have been taken to reduce the risk to the Company’s staff and to ensure business continuity. The Company is an online organization where working remotely and meeting virtually are established ways of working. The Company’s operations, which are limited to iLottery, have not been negatively impacted and the Company does not expect its operations to be negatively impacted by the outbreak of COVID-19. However, depending on the duration of the pandemic, there could be a negative impact on the Company’s operations.

 
F - 8

NEOGAMES S.A

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The significant accounting policies followed in the preparation of the financial statements, on a consistent basis, unless otherwise stated, are:

A.
Accounting principles

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS") as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ("IASB").  Profit or loss accounts are presented and analyzed by their nature rather than their function within the entity as such method provides reliable and more relevant information on the Company's operations.

B.
Comparative information

Comparative figures stated in the statements of comprehensive income (loss), financial position and cash flows have been reclassified to conform to the current year's presentation format for the purpose of adequate presentation.

C.
Basis of consolidation

Where the Company has control over an investee, it is classified as a subsidiary. The Company controls an investee if all three of the following elements are present: power over the investee, exposure to variable returns from the investee, and the ability of the investor to use its power to affect those variable returns. The consolidated financial statements present the results of the Company as though NeoGames S.A and its subsidiaries formed a single entity. Intercompany transactions and balances between NeoGames S.A and its subsidiaries are therefore eliminated in full.
 
D.
Foreign currency

The financial statements of the Company are prepared in US dollars (the functional currency), which is the currency that best reflects the economic substance of the underlying events and circumstances relevant to the Company’s transactions. Balances in foreign currencies are translated into US dollars in accordance with the principles set forth by International Accounting standard (IAS) 21 (“The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates”). Accordingly, transactions and balances in currencies other than the functional currency have been translated into US dollars as follows:
 
   Monetary assets and liabilities — at the rate of exchange applicable at the end of the reporting year; Income and expense items — at exchange rates applicable as of the date of recognition of those items; Non-monetary items — at the rate of exchange at the time of the transaction.
 
E.
Transaction under common control

Acquisition of intangible assets under common control is accounted for based on their book value as was accounted for by the seller, and the difference between the fair value of the consideration and the book value of the intangible assets was recorded as a capital reserve with respect to transaction under common control in the statement of changes in equity (deficit).

F.
Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash and short-term bank deposits with an original maturity of three months or less.

G.
Financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized in the Company’s statement of financial position when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value and subsequently measured at amortized cost based on the effective interest rate, as applicable.

F - 9

NEOGAMES S.A

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

H.
Trade receivables

Trade receivables are initially recognized at transaction price and subsequently measured at amortized cost and principally comprise amounts due from related parties and iLottery companies. The Company has applied the standard simplified approach and has calculated the Expected credit losses based on lifetime of expected credit losses, with de-minimis results. Bad debts (if any) are written off when there is objective evidence that the full amount may not be collected.
 
I.
Investment in a joint operation

A joint operation is a joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to the assets, and obligations for the liabilities, relating to that arrangement. Joint control is the contractually agreed sharing of control of an arrangement, which exists only when decisions about the relevant activities require the consent of all parties to the joint control.
 
The consolidated financial statements include the Company’s interest in any assets held jointly by the Michigan Joint Operation, and the Company’s share of revenues and expenses of the Michigan Joint Operation.
 
J.
Investment in a joint venture

A joint venture is a joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to the net assets only. The Company’s investment in a joint venture is accounted for based on the equity method. Under the equity method, the investment is initially recognized at cost. The carrying amount of the investment is adjusted to recognize changes in the Company’s share of the profit and losses and other comprehensive income (losses) of the joint venture.
 
K.
Employee benefits

The Israeli subsidiary, NGS, has adopted the general authorization in accordance with Section 14 of the Severance Pay Law, 1963 (“Section 14”), according to which deposits to the pension funds and/or policies of insurance companies exempt the subsidiary from additional payments. However, the Company’s liabilities for severance pay, attributed to certain employees that are not subject to Section 14 are computed on the basis of the employee’s most recent salary as of the end of the period date, in accordance with the Severance Pay Law, and are partially covered by monthly deposits with insurance policies and/or other funds in favor of the employees and the remaining are accrued for in the consolidated financial statements.
 
As most of NGS’s employees are covered by Section 14, and due to immateriality, the Company does not use actuarial estimates and calculations for severance obligations. The Company accounts for such employees who are not subject to Section 14, by measuring accruals on the full amounts assuming that all of these employees will be terminated as of the end of the period date of each period (shut-down method).
 
L.
Provisions

Provisions, which are liabilities of uncertain timing or amounts, are recognized when the Company has a legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, if it is probable that an outflow of funds will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation can be made.

M.
Property and equipment

Property and equipment comprise of data center (servers), computers, leasehold improvements, office furniture and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment.

F - 10

NEOGAMES S.A

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

Depreciation is calculated to write off the cost of fixed assets to their residual amounts on a straight line basis over the expected useful lives of the assets concerned. The principal annual rates used for this purpose, are:

 
 
%
   
Computers and computers equipment
25-50
Office furniture and equipment
7
Leasehold improvements
Over the shorter of the term of the lease or useful lives

Subsequent expenditures are included in the assets carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to profit or loss during the financial period in which they are incurred.
 
Company and losses on disposals are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying amount and are recognized in profit or loss.
 
The depreciation method and the estimated useful life of an asset are reviewed at least each year-end and the changes are accounted for as a change in accounting estimate on a prospective basis.
 
An item of property and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. The gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an asset is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognized in profit or loss.

N.
Intangible assets

Intangible assets of the Company comprise development costs capitalization, which are amortized over their useful life and reviewed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortization period and the amortization method are reviewed at least at each year end. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are treated prospectively as a change in accounting estimates.

Research expenditures are recognized in profit or loss when incurred. An intangible asset arising from a development project or from the development phase of an internal project is recognized if the Company can demonstrate:


The technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that it will be available for use or sale.

The Company's intention to complete the intangible asset and use or sell it.

The ability to use or sell the intangible asset.

How the intangible asset will generate future economic benefits.

The availability of adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the intangible asset; and

The ability to measure reliably the respective expenditure asset during its development.

Following initial recognition of the development expenditure as an asset, the asset is carried at cost less any accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Amortization of the asset begins when development is complete, and the asset is available for use. It is amortized over the period of expected future benefit of 3 years.

O.
Impairment of non-financial assets

The Company evaluates the need to record an impairment of the carrying amount of fixed assets and intangible assets whenever events or changes in the circumstances indicate that the carrying amount is not recoverable. If the carrying amount of the above assets exceeds their recoverable amount, the assets are reduced to their recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of the net sale price and value in use. In measuring value in use, the expected cash flows are discounted using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects the specific risks of the asset. The recoverable amount of an asset that does not generate independent cash flows is determined for the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. Impairment losses are recognized in the statement of comprehensive income (loss).

F - 11

NEOGAMES S.A

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

P.
Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized at an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring services to a customer.

The Company generates its revenues through three streams:


Royalties from licensing of technological platforms and provision of proprietary games content (which are recognized in the accounting periods in which the gaming transactions occur).

Fees from access to intellectual property rights (which are recognized over the useful periods of the intellectual property rights).

Fees from development services (which are recognized in the accounting periods in which services are provided).

Q.
Reserve with respect to funding transactions with related parties

Transactions with related parties are accounted for based on fair value. Any difference between the nominal value and the fair value that arises in transactions with related parties are recorded directly into equity to a “Reserve with respect to funding transactions with related parties”.
 
R.
Share-based payment

Where equity settled share options are awarded to employees, the fair value of the options at the date of grant is charged to the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss) over the vesting period. Non-market vesting conditions are taken into account by adjusting the number of equity instruments expected to vest at each reporting date so that, ultimately, the cumulative amount recognized over the vesting period is based on the number of options that eventually vest. Non-vesting conditions and market vesting conditions are factored into the fair value of the options granted. As long as all other vesting conditions are satisfied, a charge is made irrespective of whether the market vesting conditions are satisfied. The cumulative expense is not adjusted for failure to achieve a market vesting condition or where a non-vesting condition is not satisfied.
 
    Where the terms and conditions of options are modified before they vest, the increase in the fair value of the options, measured immediately before and after the modification, is also charged to the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss) over the remaining vesting period. Where the terms and conditions of options are modified after they vest, the increase in the fair value of the options measured and recorded in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss) immediately after the modification.
 
S.
Finance income and expenses

Finance income comprises of net currencies with exchange rates differences, while finance expenses are comprised of interest on related parties funding, net currencies exchange rates differences, interest on leases liabilities and banks charges.
 
T.
Income taxes

Provision for income taxes is calculated in accordance with the tax legislation and applicable tax rates in force at the end of the reporting year in the countries in which Neogames S.A. and its subsidiaries have been incorporated. A provision is recognized for those matters for which the tax determination is uncertain but it is considered probable that there will be a future outflow of funds to a tax authority. The provisions are measured at the best estimate of the amount expected to become payable. This measurement is required to be based on the assumption that each of the tax authorities will examine amounts they have a right to examine and have full knowledge of all related information when making those examinations.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized where the carrying amount of an asset or liability in the consolidated statement of financial position differs from its tax base, except for differences arising from:
 

The initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction which is not a business combination and at the time of the transaction affects neither accounting or taxable profit; and

Investments in subsidiaries and joint operations where the Company is able to control the timing of the reversal of the difference and it is probable that the difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

The amount of the asset or liability is determined using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date, and that amount is are expected to apply when the deferred tax liabilities/assets are settled/recovered.
 
     The Company recognized deferred tax assets (if any) only when their recoverability is more likely than not.
 
F - 12

NEOGAMES S.A

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

U.
Fair value measurement hierarchy

The Company measures certain financial instruments, including derivatives, at fair value at the end of each reporting period. Fair value is the price that would be received or paid in an orderly transaction between market participants at a particular date, either in the principal market for the asset or liability or, in the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for that asset or liability accessible to the Company.
 
The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.
 
V.
Earnings (loss) per share

Basic earnings (loss) per share

Basic earnings  (loss) per share is calculated by dividing the earnings (loss) attributable to equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the financial year, adjusted for ordinary shares issued during the year, if applicable.
 
Diluted earnings per share
 
Diluted earnings (loss) per share adjusts the figures used in the determination of basic earnings per share to take into account the weighted average number of additional ordinary shares that would have been outstanding assuming the conversion of options takes place as expected; and the addition of the shares to be derived from realization must have a dilutive effect.
 
W.
Leases
 
Effective January 1, 2019, the Company accounts for its leases under IFRS 16, according to which:
 
The Company assesses whether a contract is or contains a lease, at inception of the contract. The Company recognizes a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability with respect to all lease arrangements in which it is the lessee, except for short-term leases (defined as leases with a lease term of 12 months or less) or low value assets.
 
The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted by using the rate implicit in the lease. If this rate cannot be readily determined, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate. The lease liability is presented as a separate line in the consolidated statement of financial position, including the separation between current and non-current.
 
The lease liability is subsequently measured by increasing the carrying amount to reflect interest on the lease liability (using the effective interest method) and by reducing the carrying amount to reflect the lease payments made.
 
The right-of-use assets comprise the initial measurement of the corresponding lease liability, lease payments made at or before the commencement day, less any lease incentives received and any initial direct costs. They are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses.

In profit or loss, amortization expenses of the right-of-use asset and interest expenses in respect of the lease liability recognized. In the statement of cash flows, payments in respect of the principal portion of the lease liability classified as financing activity and payments in respect of the interest portion of the lease liability classified in accordance with the Company’s policy regarding classification of interest payments as operating activity.
 
In the prior period financial statements operating leases expenses recorded on a straight line basis within the operating expenses.
 
On December 26, 2018, NeoGames Ukraine entered into a lease agreement for an office space. The agreement commenced on January 15, 2019 for a period of 60 months. The annual lease payment and related expenses is approximately $1 million. For a description of the lease arrangement with the Aspire Group, see Note 6.
 
F - 13

NEOGAMES S.A

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 3 - CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGMENTS

The preparation of consolidated financial statements under IFRS requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the application of policies and reported amounts. Estimates and judgments are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Included in this note are accounting policies and/or estimates that cover areas for which the Directors and Management require judgments and/or assumptions that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets and liabilities in the future. These policies together with references to the related notes to the financial statements, which include further commentary on the nature of the estimates and judgments made, can be found below:

Funding transactions with related parties:
The fair values of the funding transactions with related parties, the reserve relating to the funding transactions with related parties and the related interest expenses are recorded based on discounted cash flow of the anticipated repayments, calculated using a market interest rate determined by a reputable appraiser. For further details, see Note 6.
 
Capitalization of development costs:
Costs relating to internally generated intangible assets are capitalized if the criteria for recognition as assets are met. The initial capitalization of costs is based on Management’s judgment that technological and economic feasibility criteria are met. In making this judgment, Management considers the progress made in each development project and its latest forecasts for each project.
 
Share based payments/compensation:
The compensation expenses of stock options are vested over service periods, but exercisable only upon consummation of certain events as provided in the letter of grants. Stock based compensation expenses were recorded based on the fair values of the options, using the Black-Scholes model assumptions as well as the likelihood of the fulfillment of such events at the respective grant dates. For further details see Note 10.

NOTE 4 - PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

   
Computers and computers equipment
   
Office furniture and equipment
   
Leasehold improvements
   
Total
 
   
U.S. dollars (in thousands)
 
Cost:
                       
Balance as of January 1, 2020
   
2,107
     
257
     
200
     
2,564
 
Additions during the year
   
373
     
364
     
191
     
928
 
     
2,480
     
621
     
391
     
3,492
 
                                 
Accumulated depreciation:
                               
Balance as of January 1, 2020
   
1,536
     
36
     
143
     
1,715
 
Additions during the year
   
461
     
7
     
8
     
476
 
     
1,997
     
43
     
151
     
2,191
 
Net Book Value:
                               
As of December 31, 2020
   
483
     
578
     
240
     
1,301
 

F - 14

NEOGAMES S.A

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 4 - PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET (Cont.)

   
Computers and computers equipment
   
Office furniture and equipment
   
Leasehold improvements
   
Total
 
   
U.S. dollars (in thousands)
 
Cost:
                       
Balance as of January 1, 2019
   
1,461
     
190
     
157
     
1,808
 
Additions during the year
   
646
     
67
     
43
     
756
 
     
2,107
     
257
     
200
     
2,564
 
                                 
Accumulated depreciation:
                               
Balance as of January 1, 2019
   
1,115
     
32
     
137
     
1,284
 
Additions during the year
   
421
     
4
     
6
     
431
 
     
1,536
     
36
     
143
     
1,715
 
Net Book Value:
                               
As of December 31, 2019
   
571
     
221
     
57
     
849
 

NOTE 5 - INTANGIBLE ASSETS

   
As of December 31,
 
   
2020
   
2019
 
   
U.S. dollars (in thousands)
 
       
Cost:
           
Balance at beginning of the period
   
45,070
     
33,616
 
Additions
   
13,128
     
11,454
 
As of December 31,
   
58,198
     
45,070
 
                 
Accumulated amortization:
               
Balance at beginning of the period
   
30,657
     
22,885
 
Amortization
   
9,706
     
7,772
 
As of December 31,
   
40,363
     
30,657
 
                 
Net Book Value:
               
As of December 31,
   
17,835
     
14,413
 

NOTE 6 - RELATED PARTIES

A.
WILLIAM HILL:

On June 18, 2018, the Company entered into a license agreement with WHG (International) Ltd. (“WHG”), an affiliate of William Hill. Pursuant to the license agreement, the Company has granted WHG a sub-license to use the NeoSphere Platform (the “Licensed IP”) for a period of four years (the “Initial Period”) to operate in the US iGaming market and additional jurisdictions agreed to by the parties. It was also agreed that William Hill will compensate the Company for the right to use the Licensed IP as well as costs associated with adjustments (“Developed IP”) required to be made to the Licensed IP so that the Licensed IP would be deemed complaint with specific market requirements and other market practices. Upon a change in control of the Company, WHG has the option (the “IP Option”) to convert the license into a perpetual license for a payment of £15.0 million. The Company has also agreed to provide WHG with the IP Option following the completion of a four-year period from the date of the term sheet. The fair value of the IP Option liability was valued with the assistance of a third-party appraiser to be approximately $3.45 million.

F - 15

NEOGAMES S.A

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 6 - RELATED PARTIES (Cont.)

A.
WILLIAM HILL (Cont.):
 
The Company’s total revenues from this license agreement in the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 amounted approximately $6.7 million and $5.7 million, respectively. The outstanding amounts due under this license agreement as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 amounted to approximately $2.0 million and $1.5 million, respectively, and are included in trade receivables.
 
During 2018, the Company borrowed $4.0 million with a stated annual interest rate of 5.0% (the “First Loan”) and $2.0 million with a stated annual interest rate of 1.0% from the credit facility being made available by William Hill pursuant to the Investment and Framework Shareholders’ Agreement dated August 6, 2015. During 2019, the Company borrowed a total of $6.5 million with a stated annual interest rate of 1.0% from this credit facility. All three loans were due in August 2020; however, all the loans were extended in 2020 as described below.

In February 2020, the parties agreed to extend the original repayment schedule such that, all principal loan amounts are due for a full repayment (interest plus principal) on June 15, 2023 and the First Loan is due for repayment on June 30, 2021. The implied benefit of $2.5 million (reflecting the extension of the original repayment schedule) was accounted for as a modification of debt in accordance with IFRS 9, with a related party and therefore recorded in “Reserve with respect to funding transactions with related parties” in the statement of changes in equity (deficit) and will be amortized as additional interest expense over the remaining period of the loans.

On September 18, 2020, the Company borrowed $2.5 million from the credit facility to partially early repay the principal of the First Loan. The loan bears an annual interest rate of 1.0%, which is below market interest rate, and is due in full on June 15, 2023. Therefore, the $0.6 million difference in discounted cash flows to be paid for the outstanding amount based on the market annual interest rate of 12% amounted to $1.9 million, and its face value was recorded directly into the statement of changes in equity (deficit) under “Reserve with respect to funding transactions with related parties” as “Benefit to the Company by an equity holder with respect to funding transactions” and will be amortized as additional interest expense over the period of the loan.

The difference in the interest rates between the calculated annual market interest rate of 12% and interest due on these loans was recorded as loan discounts to be amortized over the funding repayment period as additional finance expenses. Accordingly, the Company recorded interest expenses on the loans based on the fair value market interest rate of $1.4 million, $1.3 million and $0.2 million in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Loans and other due to William Hill, net:

   
As of December 31,
 
   
2020
   
2019
 
   
U.S. dollars (in thousands)
 
             
Loan principals
   
12,500
     
12,500
 
Discounts
   
(2,492
)
   
(465
)
Accrued interest
   
677
     
421
 
Liability with respect to IP Option
   
3,450
     
3,450
 
Receivables on IP Option
   
(1,497
)
   
(1,661
)
     
12,638
     
14,245
 
F - 16

NEOGAMES S.A

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 6 - RELATED PARTIES (Cont.)

B.
ASPIRE GROUP:

On August 6, 2015, the Company entered into a services agreement with Aspire and William Hill pursuant to which the Company has provided Aspire with certain dedicated development, maintenance and support services necessary for the operation of Aspire's business (the “Transition Service Agreement”). On July 8, 2015, the Company entered into a cost allocation agreement with Aspire (mainly with respect to the office lease in the reported periods) pursuant to which each party has agreed to bear certain costs that are then recovered on a pass through basis from the other party, including a sublease to the Company's Israeli offices, provided to the Company by Aspire until 2021 (the “Cost Allocation Agreement”). The sublease and related charges totaled $1 million.
 
In the reported periods, the Company provided and received certain services from the Aspire Group, such as research and development services and administrative services as follows:

   
For the year ended December 31,
 
   
2020
   
2019
   
2018
 
   
U.S. dollars (in thousands)
 
                   
Revenues generated from the Transition Services Agreement
   
2,430
     
4,099
     
3,421
 
Expenses derived by the Cost Allocation Agreement:
                       
Labor (included in general and administrative expenses)
   
66
     
68
     
289
 
Rent (included in depreciation and interest with respect to right of use)
   
1,064
     
1,047
     
1,036
 
Other (included in general and administrative expenses)
   
160
     
177
     
232
 
Total expenses
   
1,290
     
1,292
     
1,557
 

Capital notes and accrued interest from the Aspire Group:

On May 18, 2017, the parties agreed to extend the original repayment schedule of the capital notes and the accrued interest, such that the outstanding amounts would have been repaid in 2018 or 2020 if William Hill would have exercised its call options  or in March 2022, if the call options would have expired (see Note 1 for the expiration and the waiver of the call options). The extension was accounted for as a modification of debt in accordance with IFRS 9, with a related party, therefore the $6.4 million difference of the discounted cash flows to be paid for the outstanding amounts based on the annual market interest rate of 20% amounted to $9.6 million and their face value, was recorded directly into the statement of changes in equity under "Reserve with respect to funding transactions with related parties" as "Benefit to the Company by certain of its equity holders with respect to funding transactions" and has been amortized as additional interest expense over the remaining period of the capital notes.

As of December 31,
 
Principal amount
   
Balance*
   
Contractual interest rate
   
Effective interest rate
 
   
U.S. dollars (in thousands)
    %
 
2020
   
21,838
     
17,739
     
1
     
20
 
2019
   
21,838
     
14,987
     
1
     
20
 

* including accrued interest of $582 thousand and $582 thousand as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The interest expenses for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 amounted to $3 million, $2.5 million and 2.1 million, respectively.
 
F - 17

NEOGAMES S.A

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 6 - RELATED PARTIES (Cont.)

C.     Consultancy Agreement:
 
On June 1, 2015, Barak Matalon, a member of the Company's board of directors and owner of more than 5% of the Company's ordinary shares, entered into a consultancy service agreement with the Company that calls for a monthly payment of NIS 45,000 (plus VAT) in consideration of services being rendered by Mr. Matalon to the Company. The consulting fees under such agreement, which remains in effect, for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 amounted to $158 thousand, $153 thousand and $149 thousand, respectively, and are included within general and administrative expenses.
 
NOTE 7 - INVESTMENT IN A JOINT VENTURE AND JOINT OPERATION

A.
JOINT VENTURE

NPI has been included in the consolidated financial statements using the equity method (see Note 1).

NPI summarized financial information:

   
As of December 31,
   
   
2020
   
2019
   
   
U.S. dollars (in thousands)
   
         
               
Current assets
   
11,388
     
3,211
   
Non-current assets
   
1,597
     
2,025
   
Current liabilities
   
(12,091
)
   
(3,214
)
 
Non-current liabilities
   
(2,910
)
   
(631
)
 
Net assets (liabilities) (100%)
   
(2,016
)
   
1,391
   
Net assets (liabilities) (50%)
   
(1,008
)
   
696
   
Adjustments
   
(17
)
   
(93
)
 
Company share of Joint Venture net assets (liabilities)
   
(1,025
)
   
603
   

   
For the year ended December 31,
 
   
2020
   
2019
   
2018
 
   
U.S. dollars (in thousands)
 
                   
 Revenues
   
18,032
     
3,740
     
1,127
 
 Distribution expenses
   
16,116
     
10,480
     
4,447
 
 Selling, general and marketing expenses
   
776
     
1,067
     
293
 
 Depreciation
   
405
     
335
     
224
 
 Net and total profit (loss) (100%)
   
735
     
(8,142
)
   
(3,837
)
 Net and total profit (loss) (50%)
   
367
     
(4,071
)
   
(1,919
)
 Adjustments
   
1,026
     
147
     
21
 
 Share in profits (losses) of NPI
   
1,393
     
(3,924
)
   
(1,898
)
 Funding of (proceeds from) NPI
   
(3,021
)
   
4,214
     
2,149
 

F - 18

NEOGAMES S.A

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 7 - INVESTMENT IN A JOINT VENTURE AND JOINT OPERATION (Cont.)

A.
JOINT VENTURE (Cont.)

In addition to the above, with respect to the development services provided to NPI by the Company, in 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded revenues totalling to $4.4 million, $2.9 million and $1.2 million, respectively. The adjustments mostly represent royalty commissions earned by NPI on games developed and provided by the Group, whereby the Group's share of the underlying results is higher than 50%.

As of December 31, 2018, the Company had an outstanding amount of approximately $1.1 million held by Pollard on behalf of NPI to be used as a restricted deposit to establish a bonding facility to secure performance and payments bonds with respect to NPI’s prospective and existing contracts with the New Hampshire and North Carolina lotteries. As of December 31, 2019, the restricted deposit increased to an outstanding amount of $2 million. The increase in the restricted deposit amount was to secure a bid bond with respect to a new Request for Proposal with the Ohio lottery.
 
As of December 31, 2020, the restricted deposit increased to an outstanding amount of $3.8 million. The increase in the restricted deposit amount was to secure a performance bond with respect to NPI’s new contract with the AGLC lottery.
 
The outstanding amount with NPI was $1,477 thousand and $56 thousand as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
 
B.
MICHIGAN JOINT OPERATION

The Michigan Joint Operation has been included in the consolidated financial statements as a share of Company's interest in assets held jointly, and its share of revenues and expenses (see Note 1).

Below are the Michigan Joint Operation’s revenues and operating expenses, 50% of which represent the Company’s interest and were included in the Company’s statement of comprehensive income (loss):

   
For the year ended December 31,
 
   
2020
   
2019
   
2018
 
   
U.S. dollars (in thousands)
 
                   
 Revenues (100%)
   
49,779
     
24,665
     
20,675
 
 Total operating expenses (100%)
   
(22,021
)
   
(14,264
)
   
(13,361
)

In addition to the above-stated revenues, with respect to the development services provided to the Michigan Joint Operation by the Company, in 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded revenues totaling $1.4 million, $1.0 million and $0.6 million, respectively. Further, the Company recorded additional royalty revenues with respect to games development efforts invested to enhance the Michigan Joint Operation’s games portfolio during 2020, 2019 and 2018, totaling $1.9 million, $1.0 million and $0.8 million, respectively, which were also eliminated from Company's share in Michigan Joint Operation’s total operating expenses as stated in the above table.
 
As of December 31, 2020, and 2019, Company's share interest in Joint Operator's assets was $745 thousand and $240 thousand, respectively, and mostly comprised of property and equipment, net.

The outstanding amount with the Joint Operation was $1,715 thousand and $194 thousand as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
 
F - 19

NEOGAMES S.A

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 8 - TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES

   
As of December 31,
 
   
2020
   
2019
 
   
U.S. dollars (in thousands)
 
             
Trade payables
   
1,693
     
561
 
Governmental authorities
   
1,258
     
488
 
Accrued expenses
   
1,959
     
806
 
     
4,910
     
1,855
 

NOTE 9 - EMPLOYEE BENEFIT LIABILITIES

   
As of December 31,
 
   
2020
   
2019
 
   
U.S. dollars (in thousands)
 
             
Non- current
           
Accrued severance pay
   
2,350
     
1,991
 
Less - funds
   
(1,966
)
   
(1,715
)
     
384
     
276
 
                 
Current
               
Accrued vacation
   
522
     
279
 
Accrued recuperation
   
11
     
8
 
     
533
     
287
 

NOTE 10- SHARE BASED PAYMENTS

During the first quarter of 2019, the Company reached an agreement with Company’s former Chief Executive Officer following his termination of employment, to extend the expiration date of the options granted to him on May 20, 2015 by four years.
 
The fair value of the extended options was estimated as of the June 30, 2019, using the Black-Scholes model.

The following table summarizes the underlying assumptions used in the model:

Dividend Yield
   
0
%
Expected volatility
   
31
%
Risk free interest rate
   
2.48
%
Expected life
 
2 years
 
Weighted average exercise price
 
$
0.17
 
Price per share
 
$
0.52
 
Grant date fair value of each option
 
$
0.36
 

As a result of the above mentioned modification during 2019, the Company recorded $250 thousand of share based compensation expenses.

On May 13, 2019, the Company granted to certain employees 4,321,500 options to purchase its shares that will be vested over a service period of four years.

F - 20

NEOGAMES S.A

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 10- SHARE BASED PAYMENTS (Cont.)

The fair value of the options granted was estimated as of the Grant Date using the Black-Scholes model.

The following table summarizes the underlying assumptions used in the model:

Dividend Yield
   
0
%
Expected volatility
   
29.67%-30.2
%
Risk free interest rate
   
2.21%- 2.28
%
Expected life
 
5.5-7 years
 
Weighted average exercise price
 
$
0.17
 
Price per share
 
$
0.52
 
Grant date weighted average fair value per option
 
$
0.38
 

On July 1, 2019, the Company has amended to certain employees, who agreed to it, certain terms of options granted as part of 2015 and 2017 plans. According to the amendment, the exercise of the options shall no longer be conditioned upon M&A transaction or IPO. The options, which are no longer conditioned, are considered as being granted on July 1, 2019 and are vested over a period of two years from the new grant date.

The fair value of the options granted was estimated as of the new Grant Date using the Black-Scholes model.

The following table summarizes the underlying assumptions used in the model:

Dividend Yield
   
0
%
Expected volatility
   
29.3%-29.86
%
Risk free interest rate
   
1.8%-1.85
%
Expected life
 
5.12-6 years
 
Weighted average exercise price
 
$
0.21
 
Price per share
 
$
0.52
 
Grant date weighed average fair value of an option
 
$
0.34
 

On July 13, 2020, the Company granted to certain employees options to purchase an aggregate of 415,000 of its ordinary shares that will vest over a service period of four years.

The fair value of the options granted was estimated to be $0.6 million as of the July 13, 2020 grant date using the Black-Scholes model:

Dividend Yield
   
0
%
Expected volatility
   
39.4%-37
%
Risk free interest rate
   
0.35%-0.48
%
Expected life
 
5.5-7 years
 
Weighted average exercise price
 
$
0.17
 
Price per share
 
$
1.5
 

On November 18, 2020, the Company granted to the Chairman of the Board options to purchase an aggregate of 48,581 of its ordinary shares that will vest over a service period of two years. On the same date the Company granted to certain consultant options to purchase an aggregate of 12,145 of its ordinary shares that will vest over a service period of four years.

The fair value of the options granted was estimated to be $0.4 million as of the November 18, 2020 grant date using the Black-Scholes model:

Dividend Yield
   
0
%
Expected volatility
   
39%-42
%
Risk free interest rate
   
0.42%-0.64
%
Expected life
 
5.13-7 years
 
Weighted average exercise price
 
$
17
 
Price per share
 
$
17
 

F - 21

NEOGAMES S.A

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 10- SHARE BASED PAYMENTS (Cont.)

The following table summarizes option activities for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018:

   
2020
   
2019
   
2018
 
   
Weighted average exercise price ($)
   
Number
   
Weighted average exercise price ($)
   
Number
   
Weighted average exercise price ($)
   
Number
 
                                     
Outstanding at January 1,
   
1.48
     
1,632,220
     
1.56
     
1,113,218
     
1.56
     
1,118,077
 
Granted during the year
   
9.92
     
111,129
     
1.40
     
524,867
     
-
     
-
 
Exercised during the year
   
1.40
     
(12,473
)
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
 
Forfeited during the year
   
1.73
     
(22,856
)
   
1.81
     
(5,865
)
   
2.96
     
(4,859
)
Outstanding at December 31,
   
2.02
     
1,708,020
     
1.48
     
1,632,220
     
1.56
     
1,113,218
 
                                                 
Vested and exercisable at December 31,
   
1.52
     
1,203,456
     
1.48
     
1,045,076
     
1.48
     
1,055,701
 

On November 10, 2020 the Company completed a 1: 8.234 reverse split of its share and the numbers of options and the exercise price were adjusted accordingly in the tables above.

As of December 31, 2020, the Company had unrecognized share-based compensation expenses related to options of $1.3 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 1.8 years.

NOTE 11 - REVENUES

   
For the year ended December 31,
 
   
2020
   
2019
   
2018
 
   
U.S. dollars (in thousands)
 
                   
Turnkey contracts
   
32,252
     
17,240
     
13,684
 
Games
   
2,006
     
2,189
     
2,098
 
Total royalties
   
34,258
     
19,429
     
15,782
 
                         
Development and other services from Aspire (See also Note 6B)
   
2,430
     
4,099
     
3,421
 
Development and other services from NPI (See also Note 7A)
   
4,404
     
2,914
     
1,244
 
Development and other services from Michigan Joint Operation (See also Note 7B)
   
1,413
     
958
     
594
 
Total Development and other services
   
8,247
     
7,971
     
5,259
 
Use of IP rights (William Hill only, see also Note 6A)
   
6,697
     
5,662
     
2,437
 
Total Revenues
   
49,202
     
33,062
     
23,478
 

F - 22

NEOGAMES S.A

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 12 - DISTRIBUTION EXPENSES

   
For the year ended December 31,
 
   
2020
   
2019
   
2018
 
   
U.S. dollars (in thousands)
 
                   
Labor and related
   
1,335
     
998
     
1,023
 
Call center
   
728
     
781
     
641
 
Processing fees
   
3,962
     
2,207
     
2,421
 
Other
   
660
     
266
     
434
 
     
6,685
     
4,252
     
4,519
 

NOTE 13 - GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES

   
For the year ended 31 December
 
   
2020
   
2019
   
2018
 
   
U.S. dollars (in thousands)
 
                   
Labor and related
   
3,109
     
2,048
     
1,490
 
Labor and related from a Related Company
   
42
     
46
     
266
 
Professional fees
   
1,983
     
1,114
     
798
 
Rent and related from a Related Company
   
168
     
96
     
1,036
 
Municipality and maintenance from Related Company
   
160
     
177
     
232
 
Travelling
   
63
     
292
     
259
 
Office
   
414
     
408
     
273
 
Other
   
1,557
     
776
     
594
 
     
7,496
     
4,957
     
4,948
 

NOTE 14 - OTHER FINANCE EXPENSES AND INCOME, NET

   
For the year ended 31 December
 
   
2020
   
2019
   
2018
 
   
U.S. dollars (in thousands)
 
A.      Finance income:
                 
Currency exchange rate differences
   
-
     
53
     
-
 
Interest income
   
21
     
-
     
-
 
     
21
     
53
     
-
 
                         
B.      Finance expenses:
                       
Currency Exchange rate differences
   
197
     
-
     
134
 
Interest expense with respect to lease liabilities
   
461
     
366
     
-
 
      Bank charges
   
89
     
16
     
61
 
     
747
     
382
     
195
 

F - 23

NEOGAMES S.A

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 15 – TAXATION

A.
Tax rates applicable to the Company companies and other related

The Company is tax registered in Luxemburg and is subject to the Luxemburg corporation tax at 26.01% in 2018 and 24.94% thereafter on profits derived from activities carried out in Luxemburg. The estimated carry forward losses as of December 31, 2020 was $59.9 million, the Company has not recorded relating deferred income taxes asset as its recoverability was not more likely than not. All the Company’s tax years are subject to examination.
 
NGS was subject to Israeli corporate tax rate of 23% in 2018 thereafter. Considering the statute of limitation, NGS 2015’s tax year is final and the following tax years are subject to examination.
 
NeoGames US, including its shares in NPI and the Michigan Joint Operation, is subject to US federal income taxes rate of 21% in 2018 thereafter as well as certain states income taxes rates. All NeoGames US tax years are subject to examination.
 
The Company’s other subsidiaries are subject to different corporate tax rates.
 
B. Income taxes expenses included in the statements of comprehensive income (loss)

   
For the year ended December 31,
 
   
2020
   
2019
   
2018
 
   
U.S. dollars (in thousands)
 
                   
Current taxes
   
1,224
     
836
     
552
 
Deferred taxes
   
81
     
6
     
14
 
Taxes with respect to previous years
   
138
     
401
     
20
 
     
1,443
     
1,243
     
586
 

NOTE 16 - FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND RISK MANAGEMENT

The Company is exposed to a variety of financial risks, which result from its financing, operating and investing activities. The objective of financial risk management is to minimize exposures in these financial risks and to mitigate a negative impact on the Company’s financial performance and position. The Company’s financial instruments are its cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables, capital notes and loans from related parties, lease liabilities, trade and other payables and employee benefit liabilities. The Company actively measures, monitors and manages its financial risk exposures by various functions pursuant to the segregation of duties and principals. The risks arising from the Company’s financial instruments are mainly credit risks and currency risk. The risk management policies employed by the Company to manage these risks are discussed below.
 
A.
Credit risk

Credit risk arises when a failure by counterparties to discharge their obligations could reduce the amount of future cash inflows from financial assets on hand at the end of the reporting year.

The Company closely monitors the activities of its counterparties enabling it to ensure the prompt collection of customer balances. Furthermore, the Company engages only with reputable customers.

The Company generated revenues exceeding 10% of its consolidated annual revenues from three customers in the year ended December 31, 2020 (of which one is a related party), four customers in the year ended December 31, 2019 (of which two are related parties) and four customers in the year ended December 31, 2018 (of which two are related parties). For revenues from related parties, see Note 6. We generated 54%, 40% and 47% of our revenues in the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, from the Michigan Joint Operation and 11%, 12% and 11% of our revenues in the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, from Sazka.
 
As of December 31, 2020, and 2019, the Company had trade receivables outstanding, exceeding 10% of the Company’s consolidated trade receivables, from two customers. Sazka accounted for 43% and 35% of trade receivables outstanding
 
F - 24

NEOGAMES S.A

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 16 - FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND RISK MANAGEMENT (Cont.)

A.
Credit risk (Cont.)
 
As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and William Hill accounted for 55.0% and 56.0% of trade receivables outstanding as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
 
B.
Currency risk
 
Currency risk is the risk that the value of financial instruments will fluctuate due to changes in foreign exchange rates.

Foreign exchange risk also arises when Company operations are entered into in currencies denominated in a currency other than the functional currency.
 
The Company has discretion to hedge some or all of its forecast operational costs in Israel up to 12 months. Currency exposures are monitored by the Company monthly.
 
C.
Sensitivity analysis to the currency risk

The Company has not presented a sensitivity analysis for the impact on its statement of comprehensive income (loss) of potential movements in currencies rates, as the change in the fair value of its financial instruments would be negligible.
 
D. Liquidity risk

The Company monitors its liquidity in order to ensure that sufficient liquid resources are available to allow it to meet its obligations.
 
The following table details the contractual maturity analysis of the Company’s financial liabilities (representing undiscounted contractual cash-flows):

   
As of December 31, 2020
 
   
In 3 months
   
Between 3 months and 1 year
   
More than 1 year
   
Total
 
   
U.S. dollars (in thousands)
 
Capital notes and accrued interest due to Aspire Group
               
22,419
     
22,419
 
Loans due to WH
         
2,022
     
11,155
     
13,177
 
Lease liabilities
         
1,651
     
1,855
     
3,506
 
Trade and other payables
   
4,910
                     
4,910
 
Total
   
4,910
     
3,673
     
35,429
     
44,012
 

   
As of December 31, 2019
 
   
In 3 months
   
Between 3 months and 1 year
   
More than 1 year
   
Total
 
   
U.S. dollars (in thousands)
 
Capital notes and accrued interest due to Aspire Group
               
22,419
     
22,419
 
Loans due to WH
         
12,920
     
-
     
12,920
 
Lease liabilities
         
1,455
     
3,382
     
4,837
 
Trade and other payables
   
1,855
                     
1,855
 
Total
   
1,855
     
14,375
     
25,801
     
42,031
 

F - 25

NEOGAMES S.A

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 17 - INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE

   
For the year ended December 31,
 
   
2020
   
2019
   
2018
 
   
U.S. dollars (in thousands)
 
                   
Basic and diluted earnings per share:
                 
Net income (loss) attributable to equity holders of the company
   
6,514
     
(3,978
)
   
(5,975
)
Weighted average number of issued ordinary shares
   
22,329,281
     
21,983,757
     
21,983,757
 
Dilutive effect of share options
   
1,569,196
     
-
     
-
 
Weighted average number of diluted ordinary shares
   
23,898,477
     
21,983,757
     
21,983,757
 
Income (loss) per share, basic ($)
   
0.29
     
(0.18
)
   
(0.27
)
Income (loss) per share, diluted ($)
   
0.27
     
(0.18
)
   
(0.27
)

NOTE 18 - RESERVES

The following describes the nature and purpose of each reserve within equity:

Reserve
 
Description and purpose
     
Share premium
 
Amount subscribed for share capital in excess of nominal value.
Share based payments reserve
 
Fair value of the vested employees' options to purchase Company shares.
Reserve with respect to transaction under common control
 
The reserve represents the difference between the fair value of the consideration and the book value of the intangible assets as was accounted for by the seller, with respect to acquisition under common control.
Reserve with respect to funding  transactions from related parties
 
See Note 6

NOTE 19 - LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

In January 2019, the U.S. Department of Justice (“DoJ”) issued a new interpretation of its previous 2011 interpretation relating to the applicability of the Wire Act to internet gaming conducted by state lotteries. The 2011 interpretation had determined that the Wire Act only applied to sports betting. The new January 2019 interpretation reverses this view and, in effect, indicates the Wire Act covers all forms of gambling. On January 15, 2019, the Deputy Attorney General issued a memorandum stating that Department of Justice attorneys should adhere to the 2018 Opinion, but that as an exercise of discretion, the Department would refrain from applying the new interpretation to persons who engaged in conduct in reliance on the interpretation set forth in the 2011 Opinion prior to the date of the new 2018 Opinion and for 90 days thereafter.

On February 15, 2019, NPI filed a motion with the U.S. District Court for the District of New Hampshire (“District Court”) requesting a formal declaratory judgement clarifying that the Wire Act only applies to sports betting.

In June 2019, the District Court rulled in favor of NPI and determined (without qualification) that the Wire Act does not apply to State lotteries. The DoJ has appealed that decision in October 2019 and a hearing on the appeal took place in June 2020.
 
A decision of the First Circuit was received on January 20, 2021. The First Circuit of the U.S. Court ruled in favor of the Company and unequivocally reconfirmed that the federal Wire Act is limited to sports betting and, therefore, does not pertain to state‐run lotteries. If the government wishes to seek further review in the U.S. Supreme Court, it must file its petition to do so by June 21, 2021.  If review is sought, the U.S. Supreme Court will have discretion to hear the case or decline to do so.

Although NPI was successful at the District Court and the Circuit Court level, the Company cannot predict whether the case will be reviewed by the U.S. Supreme Court, or how the U.S. Supreme Court would decide the issue if it granted review.  The Company's management is therefore of the opinion, based on the advice of its legal counsel, that the final outcome of the proceedings cannot be fully assessed as of the approval date of these consolidated financial statements. The Company’s management does not anticipate that operations will be negatively affected within the next 12 months.

NOTE 20 - SUBSEQUNET EVENT

On February 22, 2021, the Company announced the go-live of its eInstants games with the Austrian Lotteries, launching the Company’s first set of games on the win2day online gaming site. In connection with the agreement, the Company will grant the Austrian Lotteries (Österreichische Lotterien) full access to its Studio extensive portfolio of premium, award winning eInstant games.

F - 26


NeoPollard Interactive LLC

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2020
 

 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2020
 
CONTENTS
 
 
Page
   
FN-2
   
FN-3 - FN-4
   
FN-5
   
FN-6
   
FN-7
   
FN-8 - FN-14



 INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT

To the Members of NeoPollard Interactive LLC

Report on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying financial statements of NeoPollard Interactive LLC (“Company”), which comprise the balance sheets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the related statements of comprehensive income (loss), changes in members' equity (deficit) and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes to the financial statements.

Management’s Responsibility for the Financial Statements
Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these financial statement in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP"); this includes the design, implementation, and maintenance of internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

Auditors' Responsibility
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free from material misstatement.

An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditor’s judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control relevant to the entity’s preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity’s internal control. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements.

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.

Opinion
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations, changes in members' equity (deficit) and cash flows for the years then ended, in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

/s/ Ziv Haft
Ziv Haft
Certified Public Accountants (Isr.)
BDO Member Firm

April 16, 2021
Tel Aviv, Israel
FN - 2


NeoPollard Interactive LLC

BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31

         
2020
   
2019
 
 
 
Note
   
U.S. dollars (in thousands)
 
ASSETS
                 
                   
CURRENT ASSETS
                 
Cash and Cash equivalents
         
286
     
-
 
Restricted cash
 
3
     
5,656
     
2,148
 
Trade receivables
         
5,252
     
950
 
Prepaid expenses
         
194
     
113
 
           
11,388
     
3,211
 
                       
NON-CURRENT ASSETS
                     
Property and equipment, net
 
4
     
1,205
     
1,417
 
Right of use asset
 
2
     
392
     
608
 
           
1,597
     
2,025
 
                       
TOTAL ASSETS
         
12,985
     
5,236
 

FN - 3

NeoPollard Interactive LLC

BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31

         
2020
   
2019
 
 
 
Note
   
U.S. dollars (in thousands)
 
                   
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY (DEFICIT)
                 
                   
CURRENT LIABILITIES
                 
                   
Trade payables and accrued expenses
 
6
     
2,269
     
329
 
Due to related companies
 
5
     
3,088
     
239
 
Deferred revenues
         
566
     
-
 
Lease liabilities
 
2
     
147
     
211
 
Due to lotteries
 
3
     
5,656
     
2,148
 
Accrued payroll and benefits
         
365
     
287
 
           
12,091
     
3,214
 
                       
NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES
                     
Deferred revenues
         
2,655
     
229
 
Lease liabilities
 
2
     
255
     
402
 
           
2,910
     
631
 
                       
EQUITY (DEFICIT)
                     
Accumulated contributions
         
13,864
     
18,006
 
Accumulated losses
         
(15,880
)
   
(16,615
)
           
(2,016
)
   
1,391
 
                       
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND MEMBERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
         
12,985
     
5,236
 

FN - 4


NeoPollard Interactive LLC

STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)  

         
For the year ended December 31,
 
         
2020
   
2019
 
   
Note
   
U.S. dollars (in thousands)
 
                   
Revenues
 
7
     
18,032
     
3,740
 
                       
Distribution expenses
 
8
     
16,116
     
10,480
 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
 
9
     
776
     
1,067
 
Depreciation
 
4
     
405
     
335
 
                       
Net income (loss) and total comprehensive loss
         
735
     
(8,142
)

FN - 5

NeoPollard Interactive LLC

STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN MEMBERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)

 
 
Accumulated losses
   
Accumulated
Contributions (distributions)
   
Total members' equity (deficit)
 
   
U.S. dollars (in thousands)
 
                   
                   
Balance as of January 1, 2019
   
(8,473
)
   
9,563
     
1,090
 
                         
Comprehensive loss
   
(8,142
)
   
-
     
(8,142
)
Contributions
   
-
     
8,443
     
8,443
 
                         
Balance as of December 31, 2019
   
(16,615
)
   
18,006
     
1,391
 
                         
Comprehensive income
   
735
     
-
     
735
 
Distributions, net
   
-
     
(4,142
)
   
(4,142
)
                         
Balance as of December 31, 2020
   
(15,880
)
   
13,864
     
(2,016
)
 
FN - 6

NeoPollard Interactive LLC

STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
 
   
For the year ended December 31,
 
   
2020
   
2019
 
   
U.S. dollars (in thousands)
 
Cash flows from operating activities:
           
Net profit (loss) for the year
   
735
     
(8,142
)
                 
Adjustments for:
               
Depreciation
   
405
     
335
 
Increase in trade receivables
   
(4,302
)
   
(615
)
Decrease (increase) in prepaid expenses
   
(81
)
   
25
 
Increase (decrease) in deferred revenues
   
2,992
     
(265
)
Increase in due to related companies
   
2,854
     
551
 
Increase in trade payables and accrued expenses
   
1,940
     
193
 
Increase in due to lotteries
   
3,508
     
1,833
 
Increase in accrued payroll and benefits
   
78
     
132
 
     
7,394
     
2,189
 
Net cash generated from (used in) operating activities
   
8,129
     
(5,953
)
                 
Cash flows from investing activities:
               
Purchase of property and equipment
   
(193
)
   
(657
)
 Net cash used in investing activities
   
(193
)
   
(657
)
                 
Cash flows from financing activities:
               
Members' contributions (distributions)
   
(4,142
)
   
8,443
 
Net cash generated from (used in) financing activities
   
(4,142
)
   
8,443
 
                 
Net increase in cash and restricted cash
   
3,794
     
1,833
 
Restricted cash at the beginning of the year
   
2,148
     
315
 
Cash and restricted cash at the end of the year
   
5,942
     
2,148
 

FN - 7

NeoPollard Interactive LLC

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
NOTE 1 - GENERAL

NeoPollard Interactive LLC (the "Company"), was incorporated in Delaware, United States of America (“U.S.”) on March 6, 2014, as a limited liability company.

The Company is 50% owned by Pollard Holdings Inc. ("PH" or “Pollard”), which is wholly owned by a publicly TSX traded Canadian corporation - Pollard Banknote Limited ("PBL"), a leading lottery partner to more than 60 lotteries worldwide, and 50% by NeoGames US LLP ("NUL"), which is wholly owned by a publicly NASDAQ traded company - NeoGames S.A. ("Neogames"), a leading global technology provider (PH and NUL - the "Members").  The Company was established to provide iLottery services for North American lotteries. Since 2015, the Company has operated the Virginia State Lottery (“VAL”) online e-Subscription program, since September 2018 the iLottery platform on behalf of New Hampshire Lottery (“NHL”) and since October 2019 the North Carolina Education Lottery (“NCEL”) iLottery platform.

On March 19, 2020, the Company signed with Alberta Gaming, Liquor and Cannabis Commission ("AGLC") an agreement to develop, deploy and maintain its digital solutions and operate its proposed interactive offering. This contract has an initial term of 7 years, plus an option to extend for 5 years. The solution for AGLC Lottery was launched in September 2020.

In May 2020, the Company expanded its contract with the Virginia State Lottery (“VAL”) to include a digital instant games portfolio in addition to the online e-Subscription program. The full iLottery program launched on July 1, 2020.
 
The Company is carefully monitoring the outbreak and spread of the COVID-19 (coronavirus) across the world and the U.S. Pro-active measures have been taken to reduce the risk for the staff and to ensure business continuity.

The Company is an online organization where working remotely and meeting virtually are established ways of working. The Company's operations which are limited to iLottery, have not been negatively impacted and does not expect to be, by the outbreak of COVID-19. However, due to unknown duration of the pandemic and related uncertainty associated with COVID-19, the long-term impact on the operations of the company cannot be determined at this time.
 
NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The significant accounting policies followed in the preparation of the financial statements, on a consistent basis, are:

A.
Accounting principles

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP"). Statement of comprehensive income (loss) accounts are presented and analyzed by their nature rather than their function within the entity as this method provides reliable and more relevant information on the Company's operations.

B.
Functional currency

The financial statements of the Company are prepared in U.S. dollars (the functional currency), which is the currency that best reflects the economic substance of the underlying events and circumstances relevant to the Company's transactions.

FN - 8

NeoPollard Interactive LLC

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

C.
Provisions

Provisions, which are liabilities of uncertain timing or amount, are recognized when the Company has a legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, if it is probable that an outflow of funds will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation can be made.

D.
Property and equipment

Property and equipment consists of data center servers, computers, leasehold improvements and office furniture and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation.

Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the expected useful lives of the assets. The principal annual rates used for this purpose are:

 
%
Computer equipment
15-25
Leasehold improvements
Over the shorter of the term of the lease or useful lives

Subsequent expenditures are included in the assets carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to statements of comprehensive income (loss) during the financial period in which they are incurred.

Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying amount and are recognized in statements of comprehensive income (loss).

The Company evaluates the need to record an impairment of the carrying amount of property and equipment whenever events or changes in the circumstances indicate that the carrying amount is not recoverable. If the carrying amount of the assets exceeds their expected undiscounted cash flows to be generated from them, the assets are reduced to their fair value amounts. Impairment losses are recognized in the statement of comprehensive income (loss).

E.
Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized at an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring services to a customer.

The Company generates its revenues from customers through three streams:

Royalties from licensed technology and the provision of proprietary games content via digital channels are recognized in the accounting periods in which the gaming transactions occur.

Set up fees from establishment of a new solution to a client are recognized ratably over the contract period commencing on the launch date.

Customers' relationships management ("CRM") services revenues are recognized in the accounting periods in which the services are provided.

FN - 9

NeoPollard Interactive LLC

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

F.
Income Taxes

For U.S. income tax purposes, the Company is treated as a partnership. The Members are taxed on their proportionate share of the Company’s taxable results. Accordingly, no income taxes for U.S. federal and state income taxes have been recorded in the Company’s financial statements.
 
G.
Leases

Arrangements meeting the definition of a lease are classified as operating or financing leases and are recorded on the balance sheet as both a right of use asset and lease liability, calculated by discounting fixed lease payments over the lease term at the rate implicit in the lease or the Company's incremental borrowing rate. Lease liabilities are increased by interest and reduced by payments each period, and the right of use asset is amortized over the lease term.

The lease liability was measured at the present value of the remaining lease payments, discounted using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. The weighted-average rate applied was 4%. Right-of-use assets were measured at an amount equal to the lease liability.

For operating leases, interest on the lease liability and the amortization of the right of use asset result in straight-line rent expense over the lease term. Variable lease expenses are recorded when incurred. The Company excludes short-term leases having initial terms of 12 months or less from the new guidance as an accounting policy election and recognizes rent expenses on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Company has a 3-year lease agreement for its data centers in New Hampshire beginning 2018, with an annual lease payment of $125 thousand, and a 5 year lease agreement for its data centers in North Carolina beginning 2019 with an annual lease payment of $108 thousand.

NOTE 3 - RESTRICTED CASH AND DUE TO LOTTERIES

As part of the agreements with certain iLottery customers, the Company is required to provide all cash processing services related to the iLottery activity. The Company acts as the merchant of record for the bank accounts held on behalf of its customers.

Restricted cash reflects mainly proceeds received from players and not yet transferred to the Company’s customers as of the end of the reporting period. Due to lotteries reflects proceeds owed by the Company and not yet transferred to its iLottery customers.

FN - 10

NeoPollard Interactive LLC

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
NOTE 4 - PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

   
Computer equipment
   
Leasehold improvements
   
Total
 
   
U.S. dollars (in thousands)
 
Cost:
                 
Balance as of January 1, 2020
   
2,111
     
24
     
2,135
 
Additions during the year
   
191
     
2
     
193
 
     
2,302
     
26
     
2,328
 
                         
Accumulated depreciation:
                       
Balance as of January 1, 2020
   
(715
)
   
(3
)
   
(718
)
Depreciation during the year
   
(403
)
   
(2
)
   
(405
)
     
(1,118
)
   
(5
)
   
(1,123
)
Net Book Value:
                       
As of December 31, 2020
   
1,184
     
21
     
1,205
 

   
Computer equipment
   
Leasehold improvements
   
Total
 
   
U.S. dollars (in thousands)
 
Cost:
                 
Balance as of January 1, 2019
   
1,470
     
8
     
1,478
 
Additions during the year
   
641
     
16
     
657
 
     
2,111
     
24
     
2,135
 
                         
Accumulated depreciation:
                       
Balance as of January 1, 2019
   
(382
)
   
(1
)
   
(383
)
Depreciation during the year
   
(333
)
   
(2
)
   
(335
)
     
(715
)
   
(3
)
   
(718
)
Net Book Value:
                       
As of December 31, 2019
   
1,396
     
21
     
1,417
 

FN - 11

NeoPollard Interactive LLC

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
NOTE 5 - RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Since its incorporation, the Company has engaged both of its Members for the provisioning of services which were required to support its ongoing operations in the areas of technology support, CRM, account management and a number of corporate functions such as finance, legal and HR.

In the reported periods the Company received certain services from related companies:

   
For the year ended December 31,
 
   
2020
   
2019
 
   
U.S. dollars (in thousands)
 
             
Marketing and security services - Neogames
   
419
     
228
 
Royalties - Neogames
   
1,038
     
171
 
Technical support - Neogames
   
4,533
     
2,885
 
Technical support - Pollard
   
1,920
     
2,682
 
Labor and benefits - Neogames
   
137
     
27
 
Labor and benefits - Pollard
   
3,036
     
2,293
 
Other - Pollard
   
40
     
-
 
Other - Neogames
   
585
     
445
 
     
11,708
     
8,731
 

NOTE 6 - TRADE PAYABLES AND ACCRUED EXPENSES

   
As of December 31,
 
   
2020
   
2019
 
   
U.S. dollars (in thousands)
 
             
Trade payables
   
1,890
     
293
 
Governmental authorities
   
181
     
-
 
Accrued expenses
   
198
     
36
 
     
2,269
     
329
 

NOTE 7 - REVENUES AND SIGNIFICANT CLIENTS

   
For the year ended December 31,
 
   
2020
   
2019
 
   
U.S. dollars (in thousands)
 
             
Royalties
   
17,510
     
3,335
 
Set up fees
   
242
     
125
 
CRM services
   
280
     
280
 
     
18,032
     
3,740
 

FN - 12


NeoPollard Interactive LLC

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
NOTE 7 - REVENUES AND SIGNIFICANT CLIENTS (Cont.)

For the year ended December 31, 2020, four of Company's clients A, B, C and D each accounted for more than 10% of its total revenue, accounting for approximately 23%, 34%, 30% and 13%, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2019, three of Company's clients A, B, and C each accounted for more than 10% of its total revenue, accounting for approximately 52%, 23% and 25%, respectively.

As of December 31, 2020, four of Company's clients A, B, C and D each accounted for more than 10% of its trade receivables balances, accounting for approximately 11%, 13%, 40% and 36%, respectively. As of December 31, 2019, three of Company's clients A, B and C each accounted for more than 10% of its trade receivables balances, accounting for approximately 24%, 58% and 18%, respectively.

NOTE 8 - DISTRIBUTION EXPENSES

   
For the year ended December 31,
 
   
2020
   
2019
 
   
U.S. dollars (in thousands)
 
             
Labor and benefits
   
3,173
     
2,320
 
Call center
   
1,290
     
787
 
Processing fees
   
2,076
     
540
 
3rd Party Content
   
805
     
-
 
Technical support
   
6,453
     
5,567
 
Other
   
2,319
     
1,266
 
     
16,116
     
10,480
 

NOTE 9 - SELLING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES

   
For the year ended 31 December
 
   
2020
   
2019
 
   
U.S. dollars (in thousands)
 
             
Labor and benefits
   
419
     
228
 
Marketing
   
103
     
547
 
Professional fees
   
210
     
235
 
Travelling
   
44
     
57
 
     
776
     
1,067
 

NOTE 10 - REGULATORY DEVELOPMENT

In January 2019, the U.S. Department of Justice Office of Legal Counsel ("DOJ") published an opinion (“2018 Opinion”) that reinterpreted the statutory provisions of the Wire Act, 18 U.S.C. §1084 concluding that the prohibitions contained in the statute apply not only to sports gambling, but to all types of gaming.  This reversal of 2011 opinion (“2011 Opinion”) of the DOJ created uncertainty as to the lawfulness of the interstate transmission of data associated with lawful state lotteries.   On January 15, 2019, the Deputy Attorney General issued a memorandum stating that Department of Justice attorneys should adhere to the 2018 Opinion, but that as an exercise of discretion, the Department would refrain from applying the new interpretation to persons who engaged in conduct in reliance on the interpretation set forth in the 2011 Opinion prior to the date of the 2018 Opinion and for 90 days thereafter.
FN - 13

NeoPollard Interactive LLC

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
NOTE 10 - REGULATORY DEVELOPMENT (Cont.)

On February 15, 2019, the Company filed a complaint for declaratory relief and a motion for summary judgment with the U.S. District Court for the District of New Hampshire ("District Court") requesting a formal declaratory judgement that the Wire Act does not prohibit the use of a wire communication facility to transmit in interstate commerce bets, wagers, receipts, money, credits, or any other information related to any type of gaming other than gambling on sporting events and contests.
 
In June 2019, the U.S. District Court ruled in favor of the Company and declared (without qualification) that the Wire Act applies only to transmissions related to bets or wagers on a sporting event or contest. The U.S. District Court further directed that the 2018 Opinion be “set aside”. The DOJ filed a notice of appeal on August 16, 2019 and its opening brief on December 20, 2019. The Company filed its response brief on February 26, 2020.  The DOJ’s reply brief was filed on May 22, 2020.  Oral arguments were heard on June 28, 2020.
 
A decision of the First Circuit was received on January 20, 2021. The First Circuit of the U.S. Court ruled in favor of the Company and unequivocally reconfirmed that the federal Wire Act is limited to sports betting and therefore, does not pertain to state‐run lotteries. If the government wishes to seek a further review in the U.S. Supreme Court, it must file its petition to do so by June 21, 2021.  If a review is sought, the U.S. Supreme Court will have discretion to hear the case or decline to do so.

Although the Company was successful at the District Court and the Circuit Court level, the Company cannot predict whether the case will be reviewed by the U.S. Supreme Court, or how the U.S. Supreme Court would decide the issue if it granted a review. The Company's management is therefore of the opinion, based on the advice of its legal counsel, that the final outcome of the proceedings cannot be fully assessed as of the approval date of these financial statements. The Company’s management does not anticipate that operations will be negatively affected within the next 12 months.

FN - 14

Exhibit 1.1

Registre de Commerce et des Sociétés
Numéro RCS : B186309
Référence de dépôt : L200254401
Déposé et enregistré le 09/12/2020
 
« Neogames S.A. »
Société anonyme
5 rue de Bonnevoie
L-1260 Luxembourg
R.C.S. Luxembourg : B186309
 
Constituée sous la dénomination «Neogames S.à r.l.» suivant acte reçu par Maître Gérard LECUIT, alors notaire de résidence à Luxembourg, en date du 23 avril 2014, publié au Mémorial C, Recueil des Sociétés et Associations numéro 1666 du 27 juin 2014.
 
Les statuts ont été modifiés en dernier lieu suivant acte reçu par Maître Henri HELLINCKX, notaire de résidence à Luxembourg, en date du 23 novembre 2020, publié au Recueil Electronique des Sociétés et Associations (RESA) numéro RESA_2020_274 du 8 décembre 2020.
 

STATUTS COORDONNÉS
Au 23 novembre 2020


ARTICLE 1.          Form and name
 
There exists a public limited liability company (société anonyme) under the name of “NeoGames S.A.” (the Company), governed by the laws of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and in particular the law dated 10 August 1915 on commercial companies, as amended (the Companies Act) and by the present articles of incorporation (the Articles, and a reference to an “Article” shall be construed as a reference to an article of these Articles).
 
ARTICLE 2.          Registered office
 
2.1          Place and transfer of the registered office
 
The registered office of the Company is established in the municipality of Luxembourg. It may be transferred within such municipality or to any other place in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg by a resolution of board of directors of the Company (the Board), which is authorised to amend the Articles, to the extent necessary, to reflect the transfer and the new location of the registered office.
 
2.2          Branches, offices, administrative centres and agencies
 
The Board shall further have the right to set up branches, offices, administrative centres and agencies wherever it shall deem fit, either within or outside the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
 
ARTICLE 3.          Duration
 
3.1          Unlimited duration
 
The Company is formed for an unlimited duration.
 
3.2          Dissolution
 
The Company may be dissolved, at any time, by a resolution of the general meeting of the shareholders of the Company (the General Meeting) adopted in the manner provided for in Article 11 with respect to the amendments of the Articles.
 
ARTICLE 4.          Purpose
 
The corporate purpose of the Company is to develop activities in relation with iLottery and iGaming solutions and services as well as any related areas. This includes the (i) the acquisition, holding and disposal, in any form, by any means, whether directly or indirectly, of participations, rights and interests in, and obligations of, Luxembourg and foreign companies, (ii) the acquisition by purchase, subscription, or in any other manner, as well as the transfer by sale, exchange or in any other manner of stock, partnership interests, bonds, debentures, notes and other securities or financial instruments of any kind (including notes or parts or units issued by Luxembourg or foreign mutual funds or similar undertakings) and receivables, claims or loans or other credit facilities and agreements or contracts relating thereto, and (iii) the ownership, administration, development and management of a portfolio of assets (including, among other things, the assets referred to in (i) and (ii) above).
 
The Company may borrow in any form. It may enter into any type of loan agreement and it may issue notes, bonds, debentures, certificates, shares, beneficiary parts, warrants and any kind of debt or equity securities including under one or more issuance programs. The Company may further list all or part of its shares on a regulated or unregulated stock exchange in or outside of the European Union. The Company may lend funds including the proceeds of any borrowings and/or issues of securities to its subsidiaries, affiliated companies or any other company.
 
2/20

The Company may also give guarantees and grant security interests over some or all of its assets including, without limitation, by way of pledge, transfer or encumbrance, in favor of or for the benefit of third parties to secure its obligations or the obligations of its subsidiaries, affiliated companies or any other company.
 
The Company may enter into, execute and deliver and perform any swaps, futures, forwards, derivatives, options, repurchase, stock lending and similar transactions. The Company may generally use any techniques and instruments relating to investments for the purpose of their efficient management, including, but not limited to, techniques and instruments designed to protect it against credit, currency exchange, interest rate risks and other risks.
 
The Company may carry out any commercial, industrial, and financial operations, which are directly or indirectly connected with its purpose or which may favor its development. In addition, the Company may acquire and sell real estate properties, for its own account, either in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg or abroad and it may carry out all operations relating to real estate properties.
 
In general, the Company may take any controlling and supervisory measures and carry out any operation or transaction which it considers necessary or useful in the accomplishment and development of its purpose.
 
The descriptions above are to be construed broadly and their enumeration is not limiting. The Company's purpose shall include any transaction or agreement which is entered into by the Company, provided it is not inconsistent with the foregoing matters.
 
ARTICLE 5.          Share capital
 
5.1          Outstanding share capital
 
The share capital is set at USD 44,234.66 (forty-four thousand two hundred thirty-four United States Dollars and sixty-six cents), represented by 24,983,855 (twenty-four million nine hundred eighty-three thousand eight hundred fifty-five) shares, without nominal value.
 
5.2          Share capital increase and share capital reduction
 
The share capital of the Company may be increased or reduced by a resolution adopted by the General Meeting in the manner required for amendment of the Articles, as provided for in Article 11.
 
5.3          Pre-emptive rights
 
In the case of an issuance of shares in consideration for a payment in cash or an issuance in consideration for a payment in cash of those instruments covered in article 420-27 of the Companies Act, including, without limitation, convertible bonds that entitle their holders to subscribe for or to be allocated with shares, the shareholders shall have pro rata pre-emptive rights with respect to any such issuance in accordance with the Companies Act.
 
The preferential subscription period is decided by the Board but must be of at least fourteen (14) days as from the date of the publication of the offering in the RESA (Recueil électronique des sociétés et associations) and a journal published in Luxembourg (the Preferential Subscription Period).
 
3/20

Third parties may take part in the capital increase at the end of the Preferential Subscription Period, except if the Board decides that preferential subscription rights (the PSR) shall be exercised, in proportion to the capital represented by their shares, by the holders of such PSR (the PSR Holders) who already exercised their PSR during the Preferential Subscription Period. In that case, the subscription terms of the PSR Holders shall be determined by the Board.
 
The General Meeting may limit or withdraw the PSR or authorise the Board to do so (as the case may be) under the conditions prescribed for under article 420-26(5) of the Companies Act.
 
5.4          Contributions to a “capital surplus” account
 
The General Meeting is authorised to approve capital contributions without the issuance of new shares by way of a payment in cash or a payment in kind or otherwise, on the terms and conditions set by the General Meeting. A capital contribution without the issuance of new shares shall be booked in a “capital surplus” account.
 
The General Meeting has the option (but not the obligation) to decide that any contribution in cash or in kind made by any shareholder as “capital surplus” will be booked in a specific “capital surplus” account allocated to the relevant shareholder and will be available only (i) for the purpose of distributions, whether by dividend, share redemption or otherwise, to the relevant shareholder or (ii) to be incorporated in the share capital to issue shares corresponding to the relevant shareholder only.
 
5.5          Authorisation for the Board to increase the share capital
 
(a)          Size of the authorisation
 
The authorised capital of the Company is set at USD 189,435.22 (one hundred eighty-nine thousand four hundred thirty-five United States Dollar and twenty-two cents) (the Authorised Capital Amount) represented by a number of shares to be freely determined by the Board, each without nominal value (but with a par accounting value at least equivalent to the par accounting value of the existing shares from time to time).
 
(b)          Conditions of the authorisation
 
The Board is authorised, during a period starting on 10 November 2020  and expiring on the fifth anniversary of such date (the Period), to increase the current share capital up to the Authorised Capital Amount, in whole or in part from time to time: (i) by way of issuance of shares in consideration for a payment in cash, (ii) by way of issuance of shares in consideration for a payment in kind, and/or (iii) by way of capitalisation of distributable profits and reserves, including share premium and capital surplus, with or without an issuance of new shares.
 
The Board is authorised to determine the terms and conditions attaching to any subscription and issuance of shares pursuant to the authority granted under this Article 5.5, including by setting the time and place of the issuance or the successive issuances of shares, the issue price, with or without share premium, and the terms and conditions of payment for the shares under any documents and agreements including, without limitation, convertible loans, option agreements or stock option plans.
 
4/20

During the Period, the Board is authorised to issue (a) convertible bonds, or any other convertible debt instruments, bonds carrying subscription rights or any other instruments entitling their holders to subscribe for or be allocated with shares, such as, without limitation, warrants (the Instruments), and (b) issue shares subject to and effective as of the exercise of the rights attached to the Instruments, until, with respect to both items (a) and (b), the amount of increased share capital that would be reached as a result of the exercice of the rights attached to the Instruments is equal to the authorised share capital and (ii) issue shares pursuant to the exercise of the rights attached to the Instruments until the amount of increased share capital resulting from such issuance of shares is equal to the authorised share capital, at any time, whether or not during the Period; provided that the Instruments are issued during the Period within the limits of the Authorised Capital Amount. The issuance of the shares following the exercise of the rights attached to the Instruments may be carried out by a payment in cash, a payment in kind or a capitalisation of distributable profits and reserves, including share premium and capital surplus during or after the Period.
 
The Board is authorised to (i) determine the terms and conditions of the Instruments, including the price, the interest rate, the exercise rate, conversion rate or the exchange rate, and the repayment conditions, and (ii) issue such Instruments.
 
(c)          Authorisation to cancel or limit the pre-emptive rights
 
The Board is authorised to cancel or limit the pre-emptive rights of the shareholders set out in the Companies Act, as reflected in Article 5.3, in connection with an issue of new shares and Instruments made pursuant to the authority granted under this Article 5.5.
 
(d)          Recording of capital increases in the Articles
 
Article 5 of the Articles shall be amended so as to reflect each increase in share capital pursuant to the use of the authorisation granted to the Board under this Article 5 and the Board shall take or authorise any person to take any necessary steps for the purpose of the recording of such increase and the consequential amendments to the Articles before a notary.
 
ARTICLE 6.          Shares
 
6.1          Form of the shares
 
The shares of the Company are in registered form (actions nominatives) only.
 
6.2          Share register and share certificates
 
A share register will be kept at the registered office, where it will be available for inspection by any shareholder. Such register shall set forth the name of each shareholder, its residence or elected domicile, the number of shares held by it, the nominal value (if any) or accounting par value paid in on each such share, the issuance of shares, the transfer of shares and the dates of such issuance and transfers. Without prejudice to Article 6.3, the ownership of the registered shares will be established by the entry in this register.
 
6.3          Deposit
 
Notwithstanding the foregoing in this Article 6, where shares are recorded in the register of shareholders in the name of or on behalf of a securities settlement system or the operator of such system and recorded as book-entry interests in the accounts of a professional depositary or any sub-depositary (any depositary and any sub-depositary being referred to hereinafter as a Depositary), the Company -subject to having received from the Depositary a certificate in proper form - will permit the Depository of such book-entry interests to exercise the rights attaching to the shares corresponding to the book-entry interests of the relevant shareholder, including receiving notices of general meetings, admission to and voting at general meetings, and shall consider the Depository to be the direct holder of the shares corresponding to the book-entry interests for all purposes in these Articles. The Board may determine the formal requirements with which such certificates must comply.
 
5/20

Notwithstanding the other provisions of these Articles, the Company will make any and all payments (including any dividend payments and any other distributions) in respect of shares recorded in the name of a Depositary, or deposited with any of them, as the case may be, whether in cash, shares or other assets, only to such Depositary, or otherwise in accordance with such Depositary’s instructions, and that payment shall release the Company from any and all obligations for such payments.
 
6.4          Ownership and co-ownership of shares
 
The Company will recognise only one holder per share. In the event that a share is held by more than one person, the Company has the right to suspend the exercise of all rights attached to that share until one person has been appointed as sole holder in relation to the Company. The person appointed as the sole holder of the shares towards the Company in all matters by all the joint holders of those shares shall be named first in the register.
 
Only the joint holder of a share first named in the register, as appointed by all the joint holders of such share, shall be entitled, in its capacity as sole holder towards the Company of that share jointly held, to exercise the rights attached to such share, including without limitation:
(i) to be served notices by the Company, including convening notices relating to general meetings, (ii) to attend general meetings and to exercise the voting rights attached to the share jointly held at any such meetings, and (iii) to receive dividend payments in respect of the share jointly held.
 
6.5          Share redemptions
 
Without prejudice to Article 6.3 above, the Company may redeem its own shares within the limits set forth by law.
 
Any shares redeemed in accordance with this Article 6.5 may be cancelled or held for an unlimited duration as treasury shares by the Company without any voting rights and, unless otherwise decided, as the case may be, by the Board or the General Meeting without any right to any distributions whatsoever, in which case the distributions otherwise payable under such treasury shares will be allocated, and become payable, on a pro rata basis to the benefit of the remaining outstanding shares).
 
Such treasury shares may be distributed at any time to existing shareholders (it being understood that no preferential subscription rights or equivalent shall apply in this event) or third parties, subject to compliance with the Company’s corporate interest, by a decision of the Board.
 
6.6          Suspension of rights of shareholders
 
(a)  If at any time the Company determines that a Shareholder Regulatory Event has occurred, it may at any time, by written notice (a Shareholder Regulatory Event Notice) to the holder(s) of any interest(s) in any shares (the Relevant Shares) in the Company to whom a Shareholder Regulatory Event relates (or to whom the Company reasonably believes it to relate), in its absolute discretion with immediate effect (or with effect from such date as is specified in such Shareholder Regulatory Event Notice), suspend one or more of the following rights attaching to such Relevant Shares (and the holder of such Relevant Shares shall be deemed to have irrevocably waived):
 
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(a)  the voting rights attached to the Relevant Shares, in accordance with article 450-1 (9) of the Companies Act;
 
(b)  the right to receive any payment or distribution (whether by way of dividend, interest, or otherwise) in respect of any Relevant Shares, or receive any other form of remuneration, including for services rendered; and
 
(c) the right to the subscribe to any further issuance of shares (and consequently to not exercise any preferential subscription rights) or other securities in respect of the Relevant Shares.

6.7          Required disposal of Disposal Shares
 
If at any time the Company determines that a Shareholder Regulatory Event has occurred it may, in its absolute discretion at any time, by written notice (a Disposal Notice) to a holder of any interest(s) in any shares in the Company to whom the Shareholder Regulatory Event relates (or to whom the Company reasonably believes it to relate), require the recipient of the Disposal Notice or any person named therein as interested in (or reasonably believed to be interested in) shares of the Company to dispose of such number of shares as is specified in the Disposal Notice (the Disposal Shares) and for evidence in a form reasonably satisfactory to the Company that such disposal shall have been effected to be supplied to the Company within fourteen (14) days (or such other time required by a Gambling Regulatory Authority) from the date of the Disposal Notice or within such other period as the Company shall (in its absolute discretion) consider reasonable. The Company may withdraw a Disposal Notice so given whether before or after the expiration of the period referred to therein if it appears to the Company that the ground or purported grounds for its service do not exist or no longer exist.
 
6.8          Right of Company to sell Disposal Shares
 
If a Disposal Notice is not complied with in accordance with its terms or otherwise not complied with to the satisfaction of the Company within the time specified, and has not been withdrawn, the Company shall, in its absolute discretion, be entitled, (a) so far as it is able, to dispose (or procure the disposal) of the Disposal Shares to a designated third party at the highest price reasonably obtainable by the Company or its agents in the circumstances (or such amount permitted by the Gambling Regulatory Authority) and shall give written notice of any such disposal to those persons on whom the Disposal Notice was served, and/or (b) subject to all applicable law and regulation, to acquire the Disposal Shares by way of a redemption in accordance with applicable law.
 
Any such disposal by the Company shall be completed as soon as reasonably practicable after expiry of the time specified in the Disposal Notice and, in any event, within ninety (90) days after the expiry of the time specified in the Disposal Notice provided that a disposal may be suspended during any period when dealings by the directors in the Company’s shares are not permitted by applicable law or regulation but any disposal of Disposal Shares so suspended shall be completed within thirty (30) days after the expiry of the period of such suspension. To the extent necessary, the holder of the Disposal Shares grants an irrevocable power of attorney to the Company (and any of its directors, officer, employee or agent) to carry out any action and execute any document necessary or useful in relation to the disposal of the Disposal Shares.

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6.9          Steps to be taken in connection with the sale of Disposal Shares
 
Neither the Company nor any director, officer, employee or agent of the Company shall be liable to any holder of or any person having any interest in Disposal Shares disposed of in accordance with Articles 6.6 to 6.11 (inclusive) or to any other person provided that, in disposing of such Disposal Shares, the Company acts in good faith within the time periods specified above. For the purpose of effecting any disposal of Disposal Shares held in uncertificated form, the Company may make such arrangements on behalf of the registered holder of the Disposal Shares as it may think fit to transfer title to those shares through a relevant system. For the purpose of effecting any disposal of Disposal Shares held in certificated form, the Company may authorise in writing any, director, officer, employee or agent of the Company to execute any necessary transfer on behalf of the registered holder(s) and may issue a new share certificate or other document of title to the purchaser and enter the name of the transferee in the register. The net proceeds of any such disposal shall be received by the Company whose receipt shall be a good discharge for the purchase money and shall be paid (without interest being payable thereon) to the former registered holder of the Disposal Shares upon surrender by him of all relevant share certificate(s) or other documents of title in respect of such Disposal Shares. The transferee shall not be bound to see the application of such proceeds and once the name of the transferee has been entered into the register in respect of the Disposal Shares, the validity of the transfer of the Disposal Shares shall not be questioned. Any delay on the part of the Company in exercising any or all of its rights under Articles 6.6 to 6.11 (inclusive) shall not in any way invalidate the transfer of any Disposal Shares made hereunder or any other steps undertaken in connection therewith. Save as otherwise specifically provided by Articles 6.6 to 6.11 (inclusive), the manner, timing and terms of any disposal of Disposal Shares by (or on behalf of) the Company shall be determined by the Company and the Company may take advice from such persons as are considered by it to be appropriate as to the manner, timing and terms of any such disposal. The holder(s) of the Relevant Shares to whom such Shareholder Regulatory Event relates shall be liable to reimburse the Company for all expenses incurred by the Company in performing its obligations and exercising its rights hereunder, including attorney’s fees.
 
6.10          Meaning of Shareholder Regulatory Event
 
For the purposes of Articles 6.6 to 6.11 (inclusive), a Shareholder Regulatory Event shall occur if:
 
(a)  a Gambling Regulatory Authority informs the Company or any member of its group that any member of the Company or any person interested or believed to be interested in shares of the Company is for whatever reason:
 
(i) unsuitable to be a person interested in shares of the Company;
 
(ii)   not licensed or qualified to be a person interested in shares of the Company;

(iii) disqualified as a holder of interests in shares of the Company, under any legislation regulating the operation of any gambling activity or any activity ancillary or related thereto undertaken or to be undertaken by the Company or any member of its group or any other company, partnership, body corporate or other entity in which the Company or any member of its group is interested; or
 
(iv) failing to reasonably cooperate fully with an investigation by a Gambling Regulatory Authority which as a result jeopardizes the Company’s ability to obtain or maintain any license or registration.

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(b)   a Gambling Regulatory Authority by reason, in whole or in part, of the interest of any person or persons in shares of the Company (or by its belief as to the interest of any person or persons in such shares) has:

(i)  refused, revoked, cancelled, opposed, or indicated to the Company or any member of its group or any other company, partnership, body corporate or other entity in which the Company or any member of its group is interested that it will or is likely to or may refuse, revoke, cancel or oppose, in relation to; or

(ii) imposed any condition or limitation which may have a material adverse impact upon the operation of any gambling activity or any activity ancillary or related thereto undertaken or to be undertaken by the Company or other entity in which the Company or any member of its group is interested, or upon the benefit of which the Company or any other member of its group derives or is likely to derive from the operation by any other member of its group or any other company, partnership, body corporate, or other entity in which the Company or any member of its group is interested in any gambling activity or any activity ancillary or related thereto or indicated to the Company or any member of its group or any such other company, partnership, body corporate or other entity that it will or is likely to or may impose any such condition or limitation, in relation to, the grant, renewal, or the continuance of any registration, licence, approval, finding of suitability, consent, or certificate required by any legislation regulating (or code of conduct or practice recognised or endorsed by the Gambling Regulatory Authority relevant to) the operation of any gambling activity or any activity ancillary or related thereto undertaken or to be undertaken by the Company or any member of its group or any other company, partnership, body corporate or other entity in which the Company or any member of its group is interested, which is held by or has been applied for by the Company or any member of its group or other such person.
 
6.11          Interpretation of provisions regarding Shareholder Regulatory Event
 
For the purpose of Articles 6.6 to 6.11 (inclusive):
 
(c)the Company may, in determining the reason for any action or potential action of a Gambling Regulatory Authority, have regard to any statements or comments made by any members, officers, employees or agents of the Gambling Regulatory Authority whether or not such statements or comments form part of or are reflected in any official determination issued by the Gambling Regulatory Authority, and may act notwithstanding any appeal in respect of the decision of any Gambling Regulatory Authority;
 
(d)  a Gambling Regulatory Authority means any authority wherever located (whether a government department, independent body established by legislation, a government, self-regulating organisation, court, tribunal, commission, board, committee or otherwise) vested with responsibility (with or without another or others) for the conduct of any gambling activity or any activity ancillary, or related thereto;
 
(e)  the Board may exercise the powers of the Company under Articles 6.6 to 6.11 (inclusive) and any powers, rights or duties conferred by Articles 6.6 to 6.11 (inclusive) on the Company and exercisable by the Board may be exercised by a duly authorised committee of the Board or any person(s) to whom authority has been delegated by the Board or any such committee of the Board, as applicable;

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(f)  any resolution or determination of, or any decision or the exercise of any discretion or power under Articles 6.6 to 6.11 (inclusive) by the Company, the Board, a duly authorised committee of the Board or any person to whom authority has been delegated thereby shall be final and conclusive and binding on all concerned, and neither the Company, the Board, nor any person acting under the authority thereof shall be obliged to give any reason(s) therefor;
 
(g) gambling activity or any activity ancillary or related thereto includes (but is not limited to) the provision of online services to customers in connection with such activity or activities and shall include the provision of financial services.
 
ARTICLE 7.          Transfer of registered shares
 
A transfer of registered shares may be effected by a written declaration of transfer entered in the share register of the Company, such declaration of transfer to be executed by the transferor and the transferee or by persons holding suitable powers of attorney, and in accordance with the provisions applying to the transfer of claims provided for in article 1690 of the Luxembourg civil code.
 
The Company may also accept as evidence of transfer other instruments of transfer evidencing the consent of the transferor and the transferee to the satisfaction of the Company.
 
ARTICLE 8.          Debt securities
 
Debt securities issued by the Company shall be in registered form only.
 
ARTICLE 9.          Powers of the General Meeting
 
In the case of a plurality of shareholders, any regularly constituted General Meeting shall represent the entire body of shareholders of the Company.
 
ARTICLE 10.         Annual general meeting of the shareholders – Other meetings
 
The annual general meeting shall be held, in accordance with Luxembourg law, in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg at the address of the registered office of the Company or at such other in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and at such time as specified in the convening notice of the meeting.
 
Other general meetings may be held at such a place and time as are specified in the respective convening notices of the relevant meetings.
 
ARTICLE 11.         Notice, quorum, convening notices, powers of attorney and vote
 
11.1          Right and obligation to convene a general meeting
 
The Board, as well as the internal auditors, if any, may convene a general meeting. They shall be obliged to convene it so that it is held within a period of one month, if shareholders representing one-tenth of the capital require this in writing, with an indication of the agenda. One or more shareholders representing at least one-tenth of the subscribed capital may request that the entry of one or more items be added to the agenda of any general meeting. This request must be addressed to the Company at least five (5) days before the relevant general meeting.
 
11.2          Procedure to convene a general meeting
 
General Meetings shall be convened in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act and as long as the shares of the Company are listed on a foreign stock exchange, in accordance with the requirements of such foreign stock exchange applicable to the Company.
 
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If all the shareholders of the Company are present or represented at a general meeting, and consider themselves as being duly convened and informed of the agenda of the general meeting set by the Board or by the internal auditors, as the case may be, the general meeting may be held without prior notice.
 
The documents mentioned under article 461-6 of the Companies Act shall be made available at the registered office of the Company for inspection by the shareholders at least eight (8) days prior to the general meeting.
 
11.3          Voting rights attached to the shares
 
Each share entitles its holder to one vote (provided that the Board may impose a record date formality in the convening notice which shall condition the exercise of the voting right).
 
The Board may, in its sole discretion, suspend the voting rights of any shareholder in the case that such shareholder has, by action or omission, failed to fulfil its obligations under the Articles or under its subscription agreement.
 
Any shareholder may, partly or entirely, waive the exercise of its voting rights with respect to some or all of its shares. Such waiver will be binding on the relevant shareholder and will be enforceable towards the Company following its notification by the relevant shareholder in writing.
 
11.4          Quorum, majority requirements and reconvening of general meeting for lack of quorum
 
Except as otherwise required by law or by these Articles, resolutions at a general meeting will be passed by the majority of the votes expressed by the shareholders present or represented, no quorum of presence being required.
 
However, resolutions to amend the Articles or to change the nationality of the Company may only be passed in a general meeting where at least one half of the share capital is represented (the Presence Quorum provided that shares with waived/suspended voting rights shall not be considered for such quorum calculation) and the agenda indicates the proposed amendments to the Articles and, as the case may be, the text of those which pertain to the purpose or the form of the Company. If the Presence Quorum is not reached, a second meeting may be convened by an announcement filed with the Trade and Companies Register and published in the RESA (Recueil électronique des sociétés et associations) and in a Luxembourg newspaper at least fifteen (15) days before the relevant meeting. Such convening notice shall reproduce the agenda and indicate the date and the results of the previous general meeting. The second general meeting shall deliberate validly regardless of the proportion of the capital represented. At both meetings, resolutions, in order to be passed, must be carried by at least two-thirds of the votes expressed at the relevant general meeting.
 
In calculating the majority with respect to any resolution at a general meeting, the votes expressed shall not include the votes relating to shares in which the shareholder abstains from voting, casts a blank (blanc) or spoilt (nul) vote or does not participate.
 
The commitments of the shareholders may only be increased with the unanimous vote of all the shareholders.

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11.5          Participation by proxy
 
A shareholder may act at any general meeting by appointing another person, who need not be a shareholder, as its proxy in writing. Copies of written proxies that are transmitted by telefax or e-mail may be accepted as evidence of such written proxies at a general meeting. In order to be taken into account, a copy of the proxy must be received by the Company before the relevant general meeting at such time as specified in the convening notice.
 
11.6          Vote by correspondence
 
The shareholders may vote in writing (by way of a voting bulletin provided that the written voting bulletins include: (i) the name, first name, address and signature of the relevant shareholder, (ii) an indication of the shares for which the shareholder will exercise such right, (iii) the agenda as set forth in the convening notice with the proposals for resolutions relating to each agenda item , and (iv) the vote (approval, refusal, abstention) on the proposals for resolutions relating to each agenda item. In order to be taken into account, a copy of the voting bulletins must be received by the Company before the relevant general meeting at such time as specified in the convening notice.
 
11.7          Participation in a general meeting by conference call, video conference or similar means of communications
 
Any shareholder may participate in a general meeting by conference call, video conference or similar means of communication, as shall be determined by the Board, whereby: (i) the shareholders attending the meeting can be identified, (ii) all persons participating in the meeting can hear and speak to each other, (iii) the transmission of the meeting is performed on an ongoing basis, and (iv) the shareholders can properly deliberate. Participation in a meeting by such means shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.
 
11.8          Bureau
 
The president chairman of the Board presides at the general meeting as chairman. The chairman shall appoint a secretary and the shareholders shall appoint a scrutineer. The chairman, the secretary and the scrutineer together form the bureau of the general meeting.
 
11.9          Minutes and certified copies
 
The minutes of the general meeting will be signed by the members of the bureau of the general meeting and by any shareholder who wishes to do so.
 
However, where decisions of the general meeting have to be certified, copies or extracts for use in court or elsewhere must be signed by the chairman of the Board or by any two (2) other directors.
 
ARTICLE 12.          Management
 
12.1          Minimum number of directors and term of directorship
 
The General Meeting shall determine the number of directors, their remuneration and their term of office providing that (i) there must be at least three (3) and no more than nine (9) directors in the Company and (ii) the members of the Board shall be elected for a term not exceeding six (6) years and shall be eligible for re-election.
 
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12.2          Permanent representative

Where a legal entity is elected as a director (the Legal Entity), the Legal Entity must designate a natural person as permanent representative (représentant permanent) who will represent the Legal Entity as a member of the Board in accordance with article 441-3 of the Companies Act.
 
12.3          Election, removal and vacancy
 
The director(s) shall be elected by the General Meeting.
 
A director may be removed with or without cause and/or replaced, at any time, by a resolution adopted by the General Meeting.
 
In the event of vacancy in the office of one or more directors because of death, resignation or otherwise, the remaining directors may elect at a meeting of the Board the director(s), by a majority vote, to fill such vacancy or vacancies, as the case may be, until the following general meeting.
 
12.4          Right to nominate
 
For as long as Barak Matalon, Aharon Aran, Eliyaho Azur, and Pinhas Zahavi, (the Founding Shareholders) own in the aggregate at least 40% of the issued and outstanding share capital of the Company, a number of directors equal to 50% of the total number of directors will be elected by the General Meeting from nominees selected by the Founding Shareholders.
 
For so long as the Founding Shareholders own in the aggregate less than 40% of the issued and outstanding share capital of the Company, but still own in the aggregate at least 25% of the issued and outstanding share capital of the Company, a number of directors equal to 33% of the total number of directors will be elected by the General Meeting from nominees selected by the Founding Shareholders.
 
For the purposes of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article 12.4, should the number of directors to be elected from nominees selected by the Founding Shareholders be a fractional number, such number shall be rounded down to the nearest whole number.
 
For so long as the Founding Shareholders own in the aggregate less than 25% of the issued and outstanding share capital of the Company, but still own in the aggregate at least 15% of the issued and outstanding share capital of the Company, one director will be elected by the General Meeting from nominees selected by the Founding Shareholders.
 
If the Founding Shareholders own in the aggregate less than 15% of the issued and outstanding share capital of the Company, their rights to nominate directors for election shall be the same as any other shareholder.
 
Where the Founding Shareholders have the right to nominate (for election by the General Meeting) members of the Board pursuant to this Article 12.4, no other shareholder shall be entitled to nominate members of the Board for election to those Board seats.
 
ARTICLE 13.          Meetings of the Board
 
13.1          Chairman
 
The Board may appoint a chairman (the Chairman) from among its members and may choose a secretary, who need not be a director, and who shall be responsible for keeping the minutes of the meetings of the Board. The Chairman will chair all meetings of the Board. In his/her absence, the other members of the Board will appoint another chairman pro tempore who will chair the relevant meeting by simple majority vote of the directors present or represented at such meeting.
 
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13.2          Observer
 
The Board may allow the appointment of one or more observers to the Board, who will be entitled to attend each Board meeting of the Company and any committee thereof, and receive the written materials provided to the Board members, but shall not have any voting rights at any meeting of the Board or any committee thereof.
 
Any observer must keep confidential all information and documents received in such capacity and undertakes the same towards the Company.
 
13.3          Procedure to convene a board meeting
 
The Board shall meet upon call by the Chairman or any two directors at the place indicated in the meeting notice.
 
Written meeting notice of the Board shall be given to all the directors (and, in relation to meetings to which she/he is entitled to participate, the Observer) at least twenty-four (24) hours in advance of the day and the hour set for such meeting, except in circumstances of emergency, in which case the nature of such circumstances shall be set forth briefly in the convening notice of the meeting of the Board.
 
No such written meeting notice is required if all the members of the Board are present or represented during the meeting and if they state they have been duly informed and have had full knowledge of the agenda of the meeting. In addition, if all the members of the Board are present or represented during the meeting and they agree unanimously to set the agenda of the meeting, the meeting may be held without having been convened in the manner set out above.
 
A member of the Board may waive the written meeting notice by giving his/her consent in writing. Copies of consents in writing that are transmitted by telefax or e-mail may be accepted as evidence of such consents in writing at a meeting of the Board. Separate written notice shall not be required for meetings that are held at times and at places determined in a schedule previously adopted by a resolution of the Board.
 
13.4          Participation by conference call, video conference or similar means of communication
 
Any director may participate in a meeting of the Board by conference call, video conference or by similar means of communication whereby: (i) the directors attending the meeting can be identified, (ii) all persons participating in the meeting can hear and speak to each other, (iii) the transmission of the meeting is performed on an ongoing basis, and (iv) the directors can properly deliberate. Participation in a meeting by such means shall constitute presence in person at such meeting. A meeting of the Board held by such means of communication will be deemed to be held in Luxembourg.
 
13.5          Proceedings
 
(a)          Quorum and majority requirements
 
The Board may validly deliberate and make decisions only if at least one half of its members are present or represented. Decisions are made by the majority of the votes expressed by the members present or represented. If a member of the Board abstains from voting or does not participate to a vote, this abstention or non participation are not taken into account in calculating the majority.
 
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(b)          Participation by proxy
 
Any member of the Board may act at any meeting of the Board by appointing in writing another director as his or her proxy, under the condition however that at least two directors are present at the meeting. Copies of written proxies that are transmitted by telefax or by e-mail may be accepted as evidence of such written proxies at a meeting of the Board.
 
(c)          Casting vote of Chairman
 
In the case of a tied vote, the Chairman or the chairman pro tempore, as the case may be, shall have a casting vote.
 
13.6          Conflicts of interest
 
(a)          Procedure regarding a conflict of interest
 
In the event that a director of the Company has, directly or indirectly, a financial interest opposite to the interest of the Company in any transaction of the Company that is submitted to the approval of the Board, such director shall immediately make known to the Board such opposite interest at that board meeting and shall cause a record of his statement to be included in the minutes of the meeting. The director may not take part in the deliberations relating to that transaction, will not count in the quorum, and may not vote on the resolutions relating to that transaction. The transaction and the director’s interest therein, shall be reported to the following general meeting.
 
(b)          Exceptions regarding a conflict of interest
 
Article 13.6(a) does not apply to resolutions of the board of directors concerning transactions made in the ordinary course of business of the Company which are entered into on arm's length terms.
 
A Director of the Company who serves as director, manager, officer or employee of any company or firm with which the Company shall contract or otherwise engage in business shall not, solely by reason of such affiliation with such other company or firm, be held as having an interest opposite to the interest of the Company for the purpose of this Article 13.6.
 
(c)          Impact on quorum
 
Where, by reason of a conflict of interest, the number of directors required in order to validly deliberate and vote is not met, the Board may decide to submit the decision on this specific item to the General Meeting.
 
13.7          Written resolutions
 
Notwithstanding the foregoing, a resolution of the Board may also be passed in writing. Such resolution shall consist of one or more documents containing the resolutions, signed by each director, manually or electronically by means of an electronic signature which is valid under Luxembourg law. The date of such resolution shall be the date of the last signature.

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ARTICLE 14.          Minutes of meetings of the Board
 
14.1          Signature of board minutes
 
The minutes of any meeting of the Board shall be signed by the Chairman or the chairman pro tempore, as the case may be or by all the directors present at such meeting.
 
14.2          Signature of copies or extracts of board minutes
 
Copies or extracts of minutes or resolutions in writing from the Board, which may be produced in judicial proceedings or otherwise shall be signed by the Chairman, or any two members of the Board.
 
ARTICLE 15.          Powers of the Board
 
The Board is vested with the broadest powers to perform or cause to be performed any actions necessary or useful in connection with the purpose of the Company. All powers not expressly reserved by the Companies Act or by the Articles to the General Meeting fall within the authority of the Board.
 
ARTICLE 16.          Delegation of powers
 
16.1          Daily management
 
The Board may appoint one or more persons (délégué à la gestion journalière), who may be a shareholder or not, or who may be a member of the Board or not, who shall have full authority to act on behalf of the Company in all matters pertaining to the daily management and affairs of the Company.
 
16.2          General director (directeur général)/management committees (comités de direction)
 
The management of the Company may be delegated to a general director (directeur général) or to a management committee (comité de direction).
 
When a general director (directeur général) or a management commitee (comité de direction) is appointed, the Board is in charge of the supervision and control of the general director (directeur général) or management commitee (comité de direction).
 
16.3          Permanent representative of the Company
 
The Board may appoint a person, who may be a shareholder or not, and who may be a director or not, as permanent representative for any entity in which the Company is appointed as a member of the board of directors. This permanent representative will act with all discretion, in the name and on behalf of the Company, and may bind the Company in its capacity as a member of the board of directors of any such entity.
 
16.4          Delegation to perform specific functions
 
The Board is also authorised to appoint a person, either a director or not, for the purposes of performing specific functions at every level within the Company.
 
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16.5          Delegation to special committees

The Board may decide to put in place special committees. The composition of the special committees and the powers conferred to them are determined by the Board. The special committees perform their duties under the Board’s responsibility.
 
ARTICLE 17.          Binding signatures
 
17.1          Signatory powers of directors
 
The Company shall be bound towards third parties in all matters by the joint signatures of any two members of the Board.
 
17.2          Specific signatory powers
 
The Company will be bound by the sole signature or the joint signatures of any person(s) or committees to whom specific signatory powers is granted by the Board of the Company, only within the limits of such powers.
 
ARTICLE 18.          Indemnification
 
Subject to applicable laws, the Company shall indemnify all of its directors and officers, past and present, to the fullest extent permitted by Luxembourg law, against liabilities and all expenses reasonably incurred or paid by him or her in connection with any claim, action, suit, or proceeding in which he or she is involved by virtue of him or her being or having been a director or officer of the Company and against amounts paid or incurred by him or her in the settlement thereof.
 
ARTICLE 19.          Internal auditor(s) (commissaire(s)) - Approved statutory auditor(s) (réviseur (s) d'entreprises agréé (s) or cabinet de révision agréé)
 
19.1          Internal auditor (commissaire)
 
The operations of the Company shall be supervised by one or more internal auditor(s) (commissaire(s)). The internal auditor(s) shall be appointed for a term not exceeding six (6) years and shall be eligible for re-appointment.
 
The internal auditor(s) will be appointed by the General Meeting, which will determine their number, their remuneration and the term of their office. The internal auditor(s) in office may be removed at any time by the General Meeting with or without cause.
 
19.2          Approved statutory auditor (réviseur d'entreprises agréé or cabinet de révision agréé)
 
However, no internal auditor(s) shall be appointed if, instead of appointing one or more internal auditor(s), one or more approved statutory auditors (réviseurs d'entreprises agrées or cabinets de révision agrées) are appointed by the General Meeting to perform the statutory audit of the annual accounts in accordance with applicable Luxembourg law. The approved statutory auditor(s) shall be appointed by the General Meeting in accordance with the terms of a service agreement to be entered into from time to time by the Company and the approved statutory auditor(s). The approved statutory auditor(s) may only be removed by the General Meeting for serious causes (motifs graves).
 
ARTICLE 20.          Accounting year
 
The accounting year of the Company shall begin on 1 January and shall end on 31 December of each year.
 
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ARTICLE 21.          Annual accounts
 
21.1          Responsibility of the Board
 
The Board shall draw up the annual accounts of the Company that shall be submitted to the approval of the General Meeting at the annual general meeting.
 
21.2          Submission of the annual accounts to the internal auditor(s)
 
At the latest one (1) month prior to the annual general meeting, the Board will submit the annual accounts together with the report of the Board (if any) and such other documents as may be required by law to the internal auditor(s) of the Company, or the approved statutory auditor(s), as the case may be, who will thereupon draw up its (their) report(s).
 
21.3          Availability of documents at the registered office
 
At the latest eight (8) days prior to the annual general meeting, the annual accounts, the report(s) of the Board (if any) and of the internal auditor(s) or the approved statutory auditor(s), as the case may be, and such other documents as may be required by law shall be deposited at the registered office of the Company, where they will be available for inspection by the shareholders during regular business hours.
 
ARTICLE 22.          Allocation of results
 
22.1          Allocation to the legal reserve
 
From the annual net profits of the Company (if any), five per cent (5%) shall be allocated to the reserve required by law. This allocation shall cease to be required once such legal reserve amounts to ten per cent (10%) of the share capital of the Company, but shall again be compulsory if the legal reserve falls below ten per cent (10%) of the share capital of the Company.
 
22.2          Allocation of results by the General Meeting at the annual general meeting
 
At the annual general meeting, the General Meeting shall decide on the allocation of the annual results and the declaration and payments of dividends, as the case may be, in accordance with Article 22.1 and the rules regarding distributions set out in this Article 22.
 
22.3          Rules regarding distributions
 
Distributions to the shareholders, whether by dividend, share redemption or otherwise, out of profits and distributable reserves available for that purpose, including share premium and “capital surplus”, if and when decided by the General Meeting, shall be made on all the shares on a pro rata basis.
 
22.4          Interim dividends
 
In accordance with article 461-3 of the Companies Act interim dividends may be distributed, at any time, by the Board under the following cumulative conditions:
 
(i)     an interim accounting situation (état comptable) is drawn up by the Board (the Interim Accounting Statement) (the Interim Accounting Statement shall be verified by an internal auditor (commissaire) or approved statutory auditor (réviseur d’entreprises agréé), as the case may be);
 
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(ii)    this Interim Accounting Statement shows that sufficient profits and other reserves (including without limitation share premium and capital surplus) are available for distribution, it being understood that the amount to be distributed may not exceed profits made since the end of the last financial year for which the annual accounts have been approved, if any, increased by carried forward profits and distributable reserves, and decreased by carried forward losses and the amount to be allocated to the legal reserves;
 
(iii) he decision to distribute interim dividends must be taken by the Board within two (2) months from the date of the Interim Accounting Statement; and
 
(iv)  the rights of the creditors of the Company are not threatened, taking into account the assets of the Company.

Where the interim dividends paid exceed the distributable profits at the end of the financial year, the relevant excess as acknowledged at the annual general meeting, shall, unless otherwise decided by the Board at the time of the dividend declaration, be deemed to be an advance payment for future dividends.
 
22.5          Payment of dividends
 
Dividends may be paid in euro or any other currency chosen by the Board and they may be paid at such places and times as may be determined by the Board within the limits of any decision made by the General Meeting (if any).
 
Dividends may be paid in kind in assets of any nature, and the valuation of those assets shall be set by the Board according to valuation methods determined at its discretion.
 
ARTICLE 23.          Dissolution and liquidation
 
23.1          Principles regarding the dissolution and the liquidation
 
The Company may be dissolved, at any time, by a resolution of the General Meeting adopted in the manner required for amendment of the Articles, as set out in Article 11. In the event of a dissolution of the Company, the liquidation shall be carried out by one or more liquidators (who may be physical persons or legal entities) appointed by the General Meeting deciding such liquidation. The General Meeting shall also determine the powers and the remuneration of the liquidator(s).
 
23.2          Distribution of liquidation surplus
 
Under the liquidation of the Company, the surplus assets of the Company available for distribution among shareholders shall be distributed on all the shares on a pro rata basis, by way of advance payments or after payment (or provisions, as the case may be) of the Company's liabilities.
 
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ARTICLE 24.          Federal jurisdiction clause
 
Unless the Company consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, and without prejudice to any forum that would be appropriate or mandatory per applicable laws to hear any other claims, the federal district courts of the United States of America shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in any security of the Company shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to this Article 24. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the provisions of this Article 24 shall not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or any other claim for which the federal courts of the United States have exclusive jurisdiction. If any provision or provisions of this Article 24 shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable as applied to any circumstance for any reason whatsoever, (a) the validity, legality and enforceability of such provisions in any other circumstance and of the remaining provisions of this Article 24 shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby and (b) the application of such provision to other persons or entities and circumstances shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.
 
ARTICLE 25.          Applicable law
 
All matters not expressly governed by the Articles shall be determined in accordance with Luxembourg law.”
 
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Exhibit 2.1

DESCRIPTION OF THE REGISTRANT’S SECURITIES
REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12 OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED

As of December 31, 2020, NeoGames S.A. had one class of securities registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”): our ordinary shares, no par value. References herein to “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” refer to NeoGames S.A. and not to any of its subsidiaries. The following description may not contain all of the information that is important to you, and we therefore refer you to our amended and restated articles of association, a copy of which is filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) as an exhibit to the Annual Report on Form 20-F.

Share Capital

During the extraordinary general shareholders’ meeting of the Company held on November 10, 2020, the shareholders approved an initial authorized share capital of up to $194,724.90 represented by a number of shares, no par value, to be determined in the board of directors’ discretion. Pursuant to resolutions of the board of directors of the Company dated November 11, 2020 and resolutions of the pricing committee dated November 18, 2020 and November 22, 2020, respectively, the share capital of the Company was increased by $5,289.68, representing 2,987,625 new shares, to $44,234.66 (forty-four thousand two hundred thirty-four United States Dollars and sixty-six cents), represented by 24,983,855 shares (twenty-four million nine hundred eighty-three thousand eight hundred fifty-five), no par value. As a result, the current authorized capital of the Company is set at $189,435.22 (one hundred eighty-nine thousand four hundred thirty-five United States Dollars and twenty-two cents) represented by a number of shares to be freely determined by our board of directors, each without par value (but with a par accounting value at least equivalent to the par accounting value of the existing shares from time to time) (as acknowledged by a notarial deed of confirmation dated November 23, 2020). As of March 31, 2021, there were 10 registered holders of our ordinary shares.

All of our outstanding ordinary shares are validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable. Our ordinary shares are not redeemable and have certain preemptive rights that can be waived by our board of directors as further described below under “- Issuance of Ordinary Shares and Preemptive Right.”

Listing

Our ordinary have been listed on Nasdaq since November 19, 2020, under the symbol “NGMS.”

Issuance of Ordinary Shares and Preemptive Right

Pursuant to Luxembourg law, the issuance of ordinary shares requires approval by a quorum of at least one half of the share capital, and a two-thirds majority vote is required for the amendment of our amended and restated articles of association. The shareholders, at any general meeting of shareholders, may approve an authorized share capital and authorize the board of directors to issue ordinary shares, up to the maximum amount of such authorized share capital, for a maximum period of five years after the date that the minutes of the relevant general meeting approving such authorization are published in the Luxembourg official gazette (Mémorial C, Recueil des Sociétés et Associations, or Recueil électronique des Sociétés et Associations, as applicable). The shareholders, at any general meeting of shareholders, may amend, renew, or extend such authorized share capital and such authorization to the board of directors to issue ordinary shares.

The board of directors will resolve on the issuance of such ordinary shares out of the authorized share capital (capital autorisé) in accordance with the quorum and voting thresholds set forth in our amended and restated articles of association. The board of directors also will resolve on the applicable procedures and timelines to which such issuance will be subjected. If the proposal of the board of directors to issue new ordinary shares exceeds the limits of our authorized share capital, our board of directors must then convene the shareholders to an extraordinary general meeting to be held in the presence of a Luxembourg notary for the purpose of increasing the issued share capital. Such meeting will be subject to the quorum and majority requirements required for amending the articles of association.

Under Luxembourg law, existing shareholders benefit from a preemptive subscription right on the issuance of ordinary shares for cash consideration. However, on November 10, 2020, our shareholders have authorized for a period of 5 years the board of directors to cancel or limit any preemptive subscription rights of shareholders provided by law to the extent that the board of directors deems such cancellation or limitation advisable for any issuance of ordinary shares within the scope and conditions of our authorized share capital. The general meeting of shareholders, convened within the conditions required for an amendment to the articles of association to approve a capital increase or authorized share capital may, by two-thirds majority vote, cancel or limit such preemptive rights (or renew or amend such cancellation or limitation), in each case, for a period not to exceed five years. Such ordinary shares may be issued above, at, or below market value, but in any event not below the nominal value or below the accounting par value per ordinary share. The ordinary shares also may be issued by way of incorporation of available reserves (including share premium).


Repurchase of Ordinary Shares

We cannot subscribe for our own ordinary shares. We may, however, repurchase issued ordinary shares or have another person repurchase issued ordinary shares for our account, subject to the following conditions:
 

except in the case of ordinary shares acquired either by us or by a person acting in his or her own name but on behalf of us for the distribution thereof to our staff or to the staff of a company with which we are in a control relationship, prior authorization by a simple majority vote must be obtained at an ordinary general meeting of shareholders, which authorization sets forth:
 

the terms and conditions of the proposed repurchase and in particular the maximum number of ordinary shares to be repurchased;
 

the duration of the period for which the authorization is given (which may not exceed five years); and
 

in the case of repurchase for consideration, the minimum and maximum consideration per share;


only fully paid-up ordinary shares may be repurchased;
 

the repurchases may not have the effect of reducing net assets below the amount of the issued share capital plus reserves (which may not be distributed by law or under our amended and restated articles of association);
 

the voting and dividend rights attached to the repurchased shares will be suspended as long as the repurchased ordinary shares are held by us; and


the repurchase offer must be made on the same terms and conditions to all the shareholders who are in the same position, except for repurchases which were unanimously decided by a general meeting at which all the shareholders were present or represented (and except in accordance with Article 430-15, 4° of the Luxembourg Company Law).

The shareholder authorization described above will be valid for a period ending on the earlier of five years from the date of such shareholder authorization and the date of its renewal by a subsequent general meeting of shareholders. Pursuant to such authorization, the board of directors is authorized to acquire and sell our ordinary shares under the conditions set forth in Article 430-15 of the Luxembourg Company Law. Such purchases and sales may be carried out for any authorized purpose or any purpose that is authorized by the laws and regulations in force.

On November 10, 2020, our shareholders authorized the Company for a period of five years to repurchase up to 50% of the aggregate ordinary shares in issues from time to time. The purchase price per ordinary share in such circumstance shall be determined by the board but (i) not less than 50% of the lowest closing price per share and (ii) not more than 50% above the highest closing price per share, in each case as reported by the New York City edition of the Wall Street Journal, or, if not reported therein, any other authoritative sources to be selected by the board of directors, over the ten trading days preceding the date of the purchase (or the date of the commitment to the transaction).

In addition, pursuant to Luxembourg law, we may directly or indirectly repurchase ordinary shares by a resolution of our board of directors without the prior approval of the general meeting of shareholders if such repurchase is deemed by our board of directors to be necessary to prevent serious and imminent harm to us or if the repurchase of ordinary shares has been made with the intent of the distribution thereof to our employees and/or the employees of any entity having a controlling relationship with us (i.e., our subsidiaries or controlling shareholder).

Form and Transfer of Ordinary Shares

Our ordinary shares are issued in registered form only and are freely transferable under Luxembourg law and our amended and restated articles of association. Our board of directors may, however, impose transfer restrictions for ordinary shares that are registered, listed, quoted, dealt in, or that have been placed in certain jurisdictions in compliance with the requirements applicable therein. Luxembourg law does not impose any limitations on the rights of Luxembourg or non-Luxembourg residents to hold or vote our ordinary shares.
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Under Luxembourg law, the ownership of registered ordinary shares is prima facie established by the inscription of the name of the shareholder and the number of ordinary shares held by him or her in the shareholders’ register.

Without prejudice to the conditions for transfer by book entry where ordinary shares are recorded in the shareholders’ register on behalf of one or more persons in the name of a depository, each transfer of ordinary shares shall be effected by written declaration of transfer to be recorded in the shareholders’ register, with such declaration to be dated and signed by the transferor and the transferee or by their duly appointed agents. We may accept and enter into the shareholders’ register any transfer effected pursuant to an agreement or agreements between the transferor and the transferee, true and complete copies of which have been delivered to us.

If our ordinary shares are not listed on a stock exchange in the United States, a shareholders’ register will be maintained by us at our registered office in Luxembourg. Transfer of record ownership of ordinary shares is effected by a written deed of transfer acknowledged by us or by our transfer agent and registrar acting as our agent on our behalf.

Liquidation Rights and Dissolution

In the event of our dissolution, liquidation or winding-up, any surplus of the assets remaining after allowing for the payment of all of our liabilities will be paid out to the shareholders pro rata according to their respective shareholdings. The decisions to dissolve, liquidate, or wind-up require approval by an extraordinary general meeting of our shareholders.

Merger and De-Merger

A merger by absorption whereby one Luxembourg company, after its dissolution without liquidation, transfers all of its assets and liabilities to another company in exchange for the issuance of ordinary shares in the acquiring company to the shareholders of the company being acquired, or a merger effected by transfer of assets to a newly incorporated company, must, in principle, be approved at an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders of the Luxembourg company, enacted in front of a Luxembourg notary. Similarly, a de-merger of a subsidiary of a Luxembourg company is generally subject to the approval by an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders, enacted in front of a Luxembourg notary.

No Appraisal Rights

Neither Luxembourg law nor our amended and restated articles of association provide for appraisal rights of dissenting shareholders.

General Meeting of Shareholders

Any regularly constituted general meeting of shareholders represents the entire body of our shareholders.

Without prejudice to any exceptional legal regimes applicable from to time in view of the COVID-19 pandemic, a holder of our share capital is entitled to attend our general meeting of shareholders, either in person or by proxy, to address the general meeting of shareholders and to exercise voting rights, subject to the provisions of our amended and restated articles of association. Each ordinary share entitles the holder to one vote at a general meeting of shareholders, unless such holder has a beneficiary certificate. No beneficiary certificates have been issued as of the date of this annual report. Our amended and restated articles of association provide that our board of directors shall adopt all other regulations and rules concerning the attendance to the general meeting, the availability of access cards, and the availability of proxy forms in order to enable shareholders to exercise their right to vote as our board of directors deems fit.

When convening a general meeting of shareholders, we will send a convening notice by registered mail to the registered address of each shareholder at least eight days before the meeting. The convening notices for every general meeting shall contain the agenda and shall take the form of announcements filed with the register of commerce and companies, published on the Luxembourg official gazette (Recueil Electronique des Sociétés et Associations), and published in a Luxembourg newspaper at least 15 days before the meeting. No proof is required that this formality has been complied with. The board of directors may impose a record date formality in the convening notice which shall condition the exercise of the voting right.
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Our amended and restated articles of association provide that if our ordinary shares are listed on a regulated market, the general meeting also will be convened in accordance with the publicity requirements of such regulated market applicable to us.

A shareholder may participate in general meetings of shareholders by appointing another person as his or her proxy, the appointment of which shall be in writing. Our amended and restated articles of association also provide that, in the case of ordinary shares held through the operator of a securities settlement system or depository, a holder of such ordinary shares wishing to attend a general meeting of shareholders should receive from such operator or depository a certificate in proper form. Our board may determine the formal requirements with which such certificates must comply.

The ordinary general meeting of shareholders must be held within six months from the end of the respective financial year at our registered office or in any other place in Luxembourg as notified to the shareholders.

Luxembourg law provides that the board of directors is obliged to convene a general meeting of shareholders if shareholders representing, in the aggregate, 10% of the issued share capital so request in writing with an indication of the meeting agenda. In such case, the general meeting of shareholders must be held within one month of the request. If the requested general meeting of shareholders is not held within one month, shareholders representing, in the aggregate, 10% of the issued share capital may petition the competent president of the district court in Luxembourg to have a court appointee convene the meeting. Luxembourg law provides that shareholders representing, in the aggregate, 10% of the issued share capital may request that additional items be added to the agenda of a general meeting of shareholders. That request must be made by registered mail sent to our registered office at least five days before the general meeting of shareholders.

Voting Rights

Each ordinary share entitles the holder thereof to one vote. Additionally, each beneficiary certificate, when issued, entitles the holder thereof to one vote. No beneficiary certificates have been issued as of the date of this annual report. The beneficiary certificates, when issued and subject to certain exceptions, may not be transferred, and shall automatically be canceled for no consideration in case of sale or transfer of the ordinary share to which they are linked. The beneficiary certificates carry no economic rights.

Neither Luxembourg law nor our articles of association contain any restrictions as to the voting of our ordinary shares by non-Luxembourg residents.

Luxembourg law distinguishes general meetings of shareholders and extraordinary general meetings of shareholders with respect to voting rights.

Ordinary General Meeting. At an ordinary general meeting, there is no quorum requirement and resolutions are adopted by a simple majority of validly cast votes. Abstentions are not considered “votes.”

Extraordinary General Meeting. Extraordinary resolutions are required for any of the following matters, among others: (i) an increase or decrease of the authorized or issued capital, (ii) a limitation or exclusion of preemptive rights, (iii) approval of a statutory merger or de-merger (scission), (iv) our dissolution and liquidation, and (v) any and all amendments to our articles of association. Pursuant to our amended and restated articles of association, for any resolutions to be considered at an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders, the quorum shall be at least one half (50%) of our issued share capital unless otherwise required by law. If the said quorum is not present, a second meeting may be convened, for which Luxembourg law does not prescribe a quorum. Any extraordinary resolution shall be adopted at a quorate general meeting (save as otherwise provided by mandatory law) by at least a two-thirds majority of the votes validly cast on such resolution. When the resolution of the general meeting of shareholders would change the respective rights attached to the beneficiary certificates, the resolution must, in order to be valid, fulfill the above-mentioned conditions as to attendance and majority with respect to the holders of beneficiary certificates. Abstentions are not considered “votes.”

Minority Action Right. Luxembourg law provides for a provision whereby the shareholders and/or future holders of beneficiary certificates holding, in the aggregate, 10% of the securities having a right to vote at the general meeting may act on our behalf to discharge the members of our board of directors for misconduct against our interests or for a violation of the law or our articles of association.
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Dividend Rights

All of our ordinary shares rank pari passu with respect to the payment of dividends or other distributions unless the right to dividends or other distributions has been suspended in accordance with our articles of association or applicable law. Holders of beneficiary certificates, when issued, shall not be entitled to receive any dividend payments with respect to such beneficiary certificates. The dividend entitlement lapses upon the expiration of a five-year prescription period as from the date of the dividend distribution. The unclaimed dividends return to our accounts.

Board of Directors

Our board of directors will appoint a chair from among its members. It also may appoint a secretary, who need not be a director and who will be responsible for keeping the minutes of the meetings of our board of directors and of our shareholders. Our board of directors will meet upon call by the chair. A meeting must be convened if any of two directors so require. The chair will preside at all meetings of our board of directors and of our shareholders (if required), except that in the absence of the chair, our board of directors may appoint another director and the general meeting of shareholders may appoint another person as chair pro tempore by vote of the majority present or represented at such meeting.

A quorum of our board of directors shall be at least one half of its members present or represented, and resolutions may be duly adopted by the vote of a simple majority of the members of our board of directors present or represented. No valid decision of our board of directors may be taken if the necessary quorum has not been reached. In case of an equality of votes, the chair or chair pro tempore shall have the right to cast the deciding vote. Our board of directors also may take decisions by means of resolutions in writing signed by all directors. Each director has one vote.

Pursuant to our articles of association, for so long as Barak Matalon, Elyahu Azur, Pinhas Zahavi and Aharon Aran (collectively, the “Founding Shareholders”) (i) own in the aggregate at least 40.0% of the issued and outstanding share capital of the Company, a number of directors equal to 50.0% of the total number of directors will be elected from nominees selected by the Founding Shareholders, (ii) own in the aggregate at least 25.0% of the issued and outstanding share capital of the Company, a number of directors equal to 33.0% of the total number of directors will be elected from nominees selected by the Founding Shareholders, and (iii) own in the aggregate at least 15.0% of the issued and outstanding share capital of the Company, one director will be elected from nominees selected by the Founding Shareholders.

Shareholders elect directors and decide their respective terms, and may dismiss one or more directors at any time, with or without cause, by a simple majority of votes cast at a general meeting of shareholders. Under Luxembourg law, directors may be reelected, but the term of their office may not exceed six years. If our board of directors has a vacancy, the remaining directors have the right to fill (pursuant to the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors) such vacancy on a temporary basis until the following general meeting of shareholders. However, the election of any temporary director shall be requested definitively at the next general meeting of shareholders.

Within the limits provided for by law and subject to our articles of association, our board of directors may delegate our daily management and the authority to represent us to one or more persons. In addition, our board of directors may set up an executive committee and entrust the latter with any powers of our board of directors, with the exception of (i) our general strategic direction, and (ii) those acts reserved to our board of directors by Luxembourg law. The Company’s board of directors has used such powers to appoint Mordechay (Moti) Malul as general director (Directeur Général) in accordance with Luxembourg law.

No director, solely as a result of being a director, shall be prevented from contracting with us, either with regard to such director’s tenure in any office, or place of profit, or as vendor, purchaser, or in any other manner whatsoever, nor shall any contract in which any director is in any way interested be liable to be voided merely on account of his or her position as director, nor shall any director who is so interested be liable to account to us or the shareholders for any remuneration, profit or other benefit realized by the contract by reason of the director holding that office or of the fiduciary relationship thereby established.

Any director having a direct or indirect financial interest in a transaction submitted for approval at a meeting of our board of directors shall immediately inform the board of directors of such interest at that meeting and shall cause a record of such a statement to be included in the minutes of the meeting, unless such transaction is made in the ordinary course of business of the Company entered and on arm’s length terms. Such director may not take part in these deliberations nor vote on such a transaction. At the next general meeting of shareholders, a special report shall be made on any transactions in which any of the directors may have had an interest that conflicts with our interest.
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Our articles of association provide that directors and officers, past and present, are entitled to indemnification from us to the fullest extent permitted by Luxembourg law, against liabilities and all expenses reasonably incurred or paid by him or her in connection with any claim, action, suit, or proceeding in which he or she is involved by virtue of him or her being or having been a director or officer of the Company and against amounts paid or incurred by him or her in the settlement thereof.

There is no mandatory retirement age for directors under Luxembourg law and no minimum shareholding requirement for directors.

Unsuitable Shareholders

Subject to all applicable law and regulation, our articles of association provide for the suspension of certain rights attached to our ordinary shares that are held by unsuitable shareholders and the disposal of any of our ordinary shares owned or controlled by an unsuitable person or its affiliates by transfer to one or more third-party transferees. If such unsuitable person fails to dispose of our ordinary shares within the required period of time, we may in good faith dispose (or procure the disposal) of such ordinary shares to a designated third party at the highest price reasonably attainable or, subject to applicable law and regulation and our articles of association, acquire such ordinary shares by way of a redemption.

Amendment of Articles of Association

Shareholder Approval Requirements. Luxembourg law requires an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders to resolve upon an amendment of the articles of association to be made by extraordinary resolution.

The agenda of the extraordinary general meeting of shareholders must indicate the proposed amendments to the articles of association. An extraordinary general meeting of shareholders convened for the purposes of amending the articles of association must have a quorum of at least 50% of our issued share capital. If the said quorum is not present, a second meeting may be convened at which Luxembourg law does not prescribe a quorum. Irrespective of whether the proposed amendments will be subject to a vote at any duly convened extraordinary general meeting of shareholders, the amendment is subject to the approval of at least two-thirds of the votes cast at such extraordinary general meeting of shareholders. When the resolution of the general meeting of shareholders is to change the respective rights attached to the beneficiary certificates, the resolution must, in order to be valid, fulfill the above-mentioned conditions as to attendance and majority with respect to the holders of beneficiary certificates.

Formalities. Any resolutions to amend our articles of association must be taken before a Luxembourg notary, and such amendments must be published in accordance with Luxembourg law.

Exclusive Forum

  Our amended and restated articles of association provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the U.S. federal district courts shall be the sole and exclusive forum for any claim asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all such Securities Act actions. Accordingly, both state and federal courts have jurisdiction to entertain such claims. This choice of forum provision may limit a shareholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees and may increase the costs associated with such lawsuits, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and employees. Alternatively, if a court were to find these provisions of our amended and restated articles of association inapplicable to, or unenforceable in respect of, one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could adversely affect our business and financial condition. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in our share capital shall be deemed to have notice of and to have consented to the choice of forum provisions of our amended and restated articles of association described above. This provision would not apply to suits brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the U.S. federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction.
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Differences in Corporate Law

We are incorporated under the laws of Luxembourg. The following discussion summarizes certain material differences between the rights of holders of our ordinary shares and the rights of holders of the ordinary shares of a typical corporation incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware, which result from differences in governing documents and the laws of Luxembourg and Delaware.


Luxembourg:
Delaware:
Board of Directors
Pursuant to Luxembourg law, our board of directors must be composed of at least three directors. They are appointed by the general meeting of shareholders (by proposal of the board of directors, the shareholders or a spontaneous candidacy) by a simple majority of the votes cast. Directors may be reelected, but the term of their office may not exceed six years.

Pursuant to our amended and restated articles of association, directors are elected by a simple majority vote at a general meeting. Abstentions are not considered “votes.”

Our amended and restated articles of association provide, that in case of a vacancy, the remaining members of the board of directors may elect a director to fill the vacancy until the following general meeting.

Each director has one vote.

Our amended and restated articles of association provide that the board of directors may set up committees and determine their composition, powers, and rules.
A typical certificate of incorporation and bylaws would provide that the number of directors on the board of directors will be fixed from time to time by a vote of the majority of the authorized directors. Under Delaware law, a board of directors can be divided into classes, and cumulative voting in the election of directors is only permitted if expressly authorized in a corporation’s certificate of incorporation.

Interested Shareholders
Under Luxembourg law, no restriction exists as to the transactions that a shareholder may conclude with us. The transaction must, however, be in our corporate interest and be made on arm’s length terms.
Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”) generally prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in specified corporate transactions (such as mergers, stock and asset sales, and loans) with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the time that the shareholder becomes an interested shareholder. Subject to specified exceptions, an “interested shareholder” is a person or group that owns 15% or more of the corporation’s outstanding voting stock (including any rights to acquire stock pursuant to an option, warrant, agreement, arrangement or understanding, or upon the exercise of conversion or exchange rights, and stock with respect to which the person has voting rights only), or is an affiliate or associate of the corporation and was the owner of 15% or more of the voting stock at any time within the previous three years.

A Delaware corporation may elect to “opt out” of, and not be governed by, Section 203 of the DGCL through a provision in either its original certificate of incorporation, or an amendment to its original certificate or bylaws that was approved by majority shareholder vote. With a limited exception, this amendment would not become effective until 12 months following its adoption.

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Luxembourg:
Delaware:
Amendment of Governing Documents
Under Luxembourg law, amendments to our articles of association require an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders held in front of a public notary at which at least one half of the share capital is represented. The notice of the extraordinary general meeting shall set out the proposed amendments to the articles of association.

If the aforementioned quorum is not reached, a second meeting may be convened by means of a notice published in the Luxembourg official electronic gazette (Mémorial C, Recueil des Sociétés et Associations, or Recueil Electronique des Sociétés et Associations, as applicable) and in a Luxembourg newspaper 15 days before the meeting. The second meeting shall be validly constituted regardless of the proportion of the share capital represented.

At both meetings, resolutions will be adopted if approved by at least two-thirds of the votes cast (unless otherwise required by Luxembourg law or the articles of association). Where classes of shares exist and the resolution to be adopted by the general meeting of shareholders changes the respective rights attaching to such shares, the resolution will be adopted only if the conditions as to quorum and majority set out above are fulfilled with respect to each class of shares. This also applies with respect to the beneficiary certificates. An increase of the commitments of its shareholders require, however, the unanimous consent of the shareholders (and bondholders, if any).

Our articles of association provide that for any extraordinary resolutions to be considered at a general meeting, the quorum shall be at least one-half of our issued share capital. If the said quorum is not present, a second meeting may be convened at which Luxembourg law does not prescribe a quorum. Any extraordinary resolution shall be adopted at a quorate general meeting (save as otherwise provided by mandatory law) by a two-thirds majority of the votes validly cast on such resolution. Abstentions are not considered “votes.”

In very limited circumstances, the board of directors may be authorized by the shareholders to amend the articles of association, albeit always within the limits set forth by the shareholders at a duly convened shareholders’ meeting. This is the case in the context of our authorized share capital within which the board of directors is authorized to issue further ordinary shares or in the context of a share capital reduction and cancellation of ordinary shares. The board of directors is then authorized to appear in front of a notary public to record the capital increase or decrease and to amend the share capital set forth in the articles of association. The above also applies in case of the transfer of our registered office outside the current municipality.
Under the DGCL, amendments to a corporation’s certificate of incorporation require the approval of shareholders holding a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote on the amendment. If a class vote on the amendment is required by the DGCL or the certificate of incorporation, a majority of the outstanding stock of the class is required, unless a greater proportion is specified in the certificate of incorporation or by other provisions of the DGCL. Under the DGCL, the board of directors may amend bylaws if so authorized in the charter. The shareholders of a Delaware corporation also have the power to amend bylaws.

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Luxembourg:
Delaware:
Meetings of Shareholders
Pursuant to Luxembourg law, at least one general meeting of shareholders must be held each year within six months as from the close of the financial year. The purpose of such ordinary general meeting is to approve the annual accounts, allocate the results, proceed to statutory appointments, and grant discharge to the directors. The ordinary general meeting must be held within six months of the end of each financial year.

Other meetings of shareholders may be convened.

Pursuant to Luxembourg law, the board of directors is obliged to convene a general meeting so that it is held within a period of one month of the receipt of a written request of shareholders representing one-tenth of the issued capital. Such request must be in writing and indicate the agenda of the meeting.

Quorum Requirements:

Luxembourg law distinguishes ordinary resolutions and extraordinary resolutions.

Extraordinary resolutions relate to proposed amendments to the articles of association and certain other limited matters. All other resolutions are ordinary resolutions.

Ordinary Resolutions: Pursuant to Luxembourg law, there is no requirement of a quorum for any ordinary resolutions to be considered at a general meeting, and such ordinary resolutions shall be adopted by a simple majority of votes validly cast on such resolution. Abstentions are not considered “votes.”

Extraordinary Resolutions: Extraordinary resolutions are required for any of the following matters, among others: (i) an increase or decrease of the authorized or issued capital, (ii) a limitation or exclusion of preemptive rights, (iii) approval of a statutory merger or de-merger (scission), (iv) dissolution, and (v) an amendment of the articles of association.

Pursuant to Luxembourg law for any extraordinary resolutions to be considered at a general meeting, the quorum shall generally be at least one half (50%) of the issued share capital. If the said quorum is not present, a second meeting may be convened at which Luxembourg law does not prescribe a quorum. Any extraordinary resolution shall be adopted at a quorate general meeting (save as otherwise provided by mandatory law) by a two-thirds majority of the votes validly cast on such resolution. Abstentions are not considered “votes.”
Typical bylaws provide that annual meetings of shareholders are to be held on a date and at a time fixed by the board of directors. Under the DGCL, a special meeting of shareholders may be called by the board of directors or by any other person authorized to do so in the certificate of incorporation or the bylaws.

Under the DGCL, a corporation’s certificate of incorporation or bylaws can specify the number of shares that constitute the quorum required to conduct business at a meeting, provided that in no event shall a quorum consist of less than one-third of the shares entitled to vote at a meeting.

9

Luxembourg:
Delaware:
Shareholder Approval of Business Combinations
Under Luxembourg law and our amended and restated articles of association, the board of directors has the broadest power to take any action necessary or useful to achieve the corporate objective. The board of directors’ powers are limited only by law and our amended and restated articles of association.
Any type of transaction that would require an amendment to the articles of association, such as a merger, de-merger, consolidation, dissolution, or voluntary liquidation, requires an extraordinary resolution of a general meeting of shareholders.

Transactions such as a sale, lease, or exchange of substantial company assets require only the approval of the board of directors. Neither Luxembourg law nor our amended and restated articles of association contain any provision specifically requiring the board of directors to obtain shareholder approval of the sale, lease, or exchange of substantial assets of ours.
Generally, under the DGCL, completion of a merger, consolidation, or the sale, lease, or exchange of substantially all of a corporation’s assets or dissolution requires approval by the board of directors and by a majority (unless the certificate of incorporation requires a higher percentage) of outstanding stock of the corporation entitled to vote.

The DGCL also requires a special vote of shareholders in connection with a business combination with an “interested shareholder” as defined in section 203 of the DGCL. See “- Interested Shareholders” above.
Shareholder Action Without a Meeting
A shareholder meeting must always be called if the matter to be considered requires a shareholder resolution under Luxembourg law or our amended and restated articles of association.

Without prejudice to any exceptional legal regimes applicable from time to time in view of the COVID-19 pandemic, pursuant to Luxembourg law, shareholders of a public limited liability company may not take actions by written consent. All shareholder actions must be approved at an actual meeting of shareholders held before a notary public or under private seal, depending on the nature of the matter. Shareholders may vote by proxy.
Under the DGCL, unless otherwise provided in a corporation’s certificate of incorporation, any action that may be taken at a meeting of shareholders may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice, and without a vote if the holders of outstanding stock, having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize such action, consent in writing. It is not uncommon for a corporation’s certificate of incorporation to prohibit such action.
Distributions
Under Luxembourg law, the amount and payment of dividends or other distributions is determined by a simple majority vote at a general meeting of shareholders based on the recommendation of our board of directors, except in certain limited circumstances. Pursuant to our amended and restated articles of association, our board of directors has the power to pay interim dividends or make other distributions in accordance with applicable Luxembourg law.

Distributions (in the form of either dividends, share premium reimbursements or capital surplus reimbursements) may be lawfully declared and paid if our net profits and/or distributable reserves are sufficient under Luxembourg law.
The DGCL permits a corporation to declare and pay dividends out of statutory surplus or, if there is no surplus, out of net profits for the fiscal year in which the dividend is declared and/or for the preceding fiscal year as long as the amount of capital of the corporation following the declaration and payment of the dividend is not less than the aggregate amount of the capital represented by the issued and outstanding stock of all classes having a preference upon the distribution of assets.

10

Luxembourg:
Delaware:
Under Luxembourg law, the amount of a distribution paid to shareholders (including in the form of dividends or share premium reimbursements) may not exceed the amount of the profits at the end of the last financial year plus any profits carried forward and any amounts drawn from reserves that are available for that purpose, less any losses carried forward and sums to be placed in reserve in accordance with Luxembourg law or our amended and restated articles of association.

Furthermore, no distributions (including in the form of dividends or share premium reimbursements) may be made if net assets were, at the end of the last financial year (or would become, following such a distribution), less than the amount of the subscribed share capital plus the non-distributable reserves. Distributions in the form of dividends may only be made out of net profits and profits carried forward, whereas distributions in the form of share premium reimbursements may only be made out of available share premium and distributions in the form of capital surplus reimbursements may only be made out of capital surplus.

Under Luxembourg law, at least 5% of our net profits per year must be allocated to the creation of a legal reserve until such reserve has reached an amount equal to 10% of our issued share capital. The allocation to the legal reserve becomes compulsory again when the legal reserve no longer represents 10% of our issued share capital. The legal reserve is not available for distribution.
Repurchases and Redemptions
Pursuant to Luxembourg law, we (or any party acting on our behalf) may repurchase our own shares and hold them in treasury, provided that:
 
      the shareholders at a general meeting have previously authorized our board of directors to acquire our ordinary shares. The general meeting shall determine the terms and conditions of the proposed repurchase and in particular the maximum number of ordinary shares to be acquired, the period for which the authorization is given (which may not exceed five years), and, in the case of repurchase for consideration, the maximum and minimum consideration, provided that the prior authorization shall not apply in the case of ordinary shares acquired by either us or by a person acting in its own name but on our behalf for the distribution thereof to our staff or to the staff of a company with which we are in a control relationship;
Under the DGCL, any corporation may purchase or redeem its own shares, except that generally it may not purchase or redeem these shares if the capital of the corporation is impaired at the time or would become impaired as a result of the redemption. A corporation may, however, purchase or redeem out of capital shares that are entitled upon any distribution of its assets to a preference over another class or series of its shares if the shares are to be retired and the capital reduced.

11

Luxembourg:
Delaware:
      the acquisitions, including ordinary shares previously acquired by us and held by us and shares acquired by a person acting in his or her own name but on our behalf, may not have the effect of reducing the net assets below the amount of the issued share capital plus the reserves (which may not be distributed by law or under the articles of association);

      the ordinary shares repurchased are fully paid-up; and

      the acquisition offer must be made on the same terms and conditions to all the shareholders who are in the same position, except for acquisitions which were unanimously decided by a general meeting at which all the shareholders were present or represented (and except for acquisitions made on Nasdaq).

No prior authorization by shareholders is required (i) if the acquisition is made to prevent serious and imminent harm to us, provided that the board of directors informs the next general meeting of the reasons for and the purpose of the acquisitions made, the number and nominal values or the accounting value of the ordinary shares acquired, the proportion of the subscribed capital which they represent, and the consideration paid for them, and (ii) in the case of ordinary shares acquired by either us or by a person acting on our behalf with a view to redistributing the ordinary shares to our staff or its controlled subsidiaries, provided that the distribution of such shares is made within 12 months from their acquisition.

Luxembourg law provides for further situations in which the above conditions do not apply, including the acquisition of shares pursuant to a decision to reduce our capital or the acquisition of shares issued as redeemable shares. Such acquisitions may not have the effect of reducing net assets below the aggregate of subscribed capital and reserves (which may not be distributed by law and are subject to specific provisions on reductions in capital and redeemable shares under Luxembourg law).

Any shares acquired in contravention of the above provisions must be resold within a period of one year after the acquisition or be cancelled at the expiration of the one-year period.

As long as shares are held in treasury, the voting rights attached thereto are suspended. Further, to the extent the treasury shares are reflected as assets on our balance sheet a non-distributable reserve of the same amount must be reflected as a liability. Our amended and restated articles of association provide that shares may be acquired in accordance with the law.

12

Luxembourg:
Delaware:
Transactions with Officers or Directors
There are no rules under Luxembourg law preventing a director from entering into contracts or transactions with us to the extent the contract or the transaction is in our corporate interest.

Luxembourg law prohibits a director from participating in deliberations and voting on a transaction if (i) such director has a direct or indirect financial interest therein, and (ii) the interests of such director or conflict with our interests. The relevant director must disclose his or her personal financial interest to the members of the board of directors and abstain from voting. The transaction and the director’s interest therein shall be reported to the next succeeding general meeting of shareholders.

Our amended and restated articles of association may require that certain transactions between a director and us be submitted for approval by our board of directors and/or shareholders. Our amended and restated articles of association provide that no director, solely as a result of being a director, shall have any duty to refrain from any decision or action to enforce its rights under any agreement or contract with us. A director who has an interest in a transaction carried out other than in the ordinary course of business that conflicts with our interests must advise the board of directors accordingly and have the statement recorded in the minutes of the meeting. The director concerned may not take part in the deliberations concerning that transaction. A special report on the relevant transaction is submitted to the shareholders at the next general meeting of shareholders, before any vote on the matter.
Under the DGCL, some contracts or transactions in which one or more of a corporation’s directors has an interest are not void or voidable because of such interest, provided that some conditions, such as obtaining the required approval and fulfilling the requirements of good faith and full disclosure, are met. Under the DGCL, either (i) the shareholders or the board of directors must approve in good faith any such contract or transaction after full disclosure of the material facts, or (ii) the contract or transaction must have been “fair” as to the corporation at the time it was approved. If the board of directors’ approval is sought, the contract or transaction must be approved in good faith by a majority of disinterested directors after full disclosure of material facts, even though less than a majority of a quorum.

13

Luxembourg:
Delaware:
Fiduciary Duties of Directors
The board of directors must act as a collegial body in the corporate interest of a company and has the power to take any action necessary or useful to realize the corporate objects of a company, with the exception of the powers reserved by Luxembourg law or by the articles of association to the general meeting of shareholders. Luxembourg law imposes a duty on directors of a Luxembourg company to: (i) act in good faith with a view to the best interests of the company; and (ii) exercise the care, diligence, and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in a similar position and under comparable circumstances. The standard of care required from directors in the execution of their mandate vis-à-vis the company is the standard that an ordinary prudent or reasonable person would apply to his or her own affairs. The standard of care is more onerous where a director has special skills or where such director receives remuneration for his or her office.

In addition, Luxembourg law imposes specific duties on directors and officers of a company to comply with Luxembourg law and the articles of association of a company.
Under the DGCL, except as otherwise provided in a company’s certificate of incorporation, the board of directors of a Delaware company bears the ultimate responsibility for managing the business and affairs of a corporation. In discharging this function, directors of a Delaware company owe fiduciary duties of care and loyalty to a company and its shareholders. Delaware courts have decided that the directors of a Delaware company are required to exercise an informed business judgment in the performance of their duties. An informed business judgment means that the directors have informed themselves of all material information reasonably available to them. Delaware courts have also subjected directors’ actions to enhanced scrutiny in certain situations, including if directors take certain actions intended to prevent a threatened change in control of a company or in connection with transactions involving a conflicted controlling shareholder. In addition, under Delaware law, when the board of directors of a Delaware corporation determines to sell or break-up a corporation, the board of directors may, in certain circumstances, have a duty to obtain the highest value reasonably available to the shareholders at that time.
Dissenters’ Rights
Neither Luxembourg law nor our amended and restated articles of association provide for appraisal rights.
Under the DGCL, a shareholder of a corporation participating in some types of major corporate transactions may, under varying circumstances, be entitled to appraisal rights pursuant to which the shareholder may receive cash in the amount of the fair market value of his or her shares in lieu of the consideration he or she would otherwise receive in the transaction.
Shareholder Suits
Under Luxembourg law, the board of directors has sole authority to decide whether to initiate legal action to enforce a company’s rights (other than, in certain circumstances, an action against board members).

Shareholders do not have the authority to initiate legal action on a company’s behalf. Shareholders and/or future holders of beneficiary certificates holding at least 10.0% of the securities of a company having a right to vote at the general meeting may bring an action against the directors on behalf of the company.

This provision of Luxembourg law does not apply to claims under the U.S. federal securities laws.
Under Delaware law, a shareholder may bring a derivative action on a company’s behalf to enforce the rights of a company. An individual also may commence a class action lawsuit on behalf of himself or herself and other similarly situated shareholders if the requirements for maintaining a class action lawsuit under Delaware law are met. An individual may institute and maintain a class action lawsuit only if such person was a shareholder at the time of the transaction that is the subject of the lawsuit or his or her shares thereafter devolved upon him or her by operation of law. In addition, the plaintiff must generally be a shareholder through the duration of the lawsuit.

14


Luxembourg:
Delaware:
Luxembourg law does not provide for class action lawsuits.
Delaware law requires that a derivative plaintiff make a demand on the directors of the corporation to assert the corporate claim before the lawsuit may be prosecuted, unless such demand would be futile.

Cumulative Voting
Not applicable.
Under the DGCL, a corporation may adopt in its bylaws that its directors shall be elected by cumulative voting. When directors are elected by cumulative voting, a shareholder has a number of votes equal to the number of shares held by such shareholder times the number of directors nominated for election. The shareholder may cast all of such votes for one director or among the directors in any proportion.
Anti-Takeover Measures
Pursuant to Luxembourg law, it is possible to create an authorized share capital from which the board of directors is authorized by the shareholders to issue further ordinary shares and, under certain conditions, to limit, restrict, or waive preferential subscription rights of existing shareholders. The rights attached to the shares issued within the authorized share capital will be equal to those attached to existing shares and set forth in our amended and restated articles of association.

The authority of the board of directors to issue additional ordinary shares is valid for a period of up to five years starting from the date of the publication of the minutes of the extraordinary general meeting resolving upon such authorization in the Luxembourg official gazette (Mémorial C, Recueil des Sociétés et Associations, or Recueil Electronique des Sociétés et Associations, as applicable), unless renewed by vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of the votes cast at a shareholders meeting.

Under the DGCL, the certificate of incorporation of a corporation may give the board of directors the right to issue new classes of preferred shares with voting, conversion, dividend distribution, and other rights to be determined by the board of directors at the time of issuance, which could prevent a takeover attempt and thereby preclude shareholders from realizing a potential premium over the market value of their shares.

In addition, Delaware law does not prohibit a corporation from adopting a shareholder rights plan, or “poison pill,” which could prevent a takeover attempt and also preclude shareholders from realizing a potential premium over the market value of their shares.
Our amended and restated articles of association authorize our board of directors to issue ordinary shares within the limits of the authorized share capital at such times and on such terms as our board of directors or its delegates may decide for a period ending five years after November 10, 2020 (unless such period is extended, amended or renewed). Accordingly, our board of directors will be authorized to issue ordinary shares up to the limits of authorized share capital until such date. We currently intend to seek renewals and/or extensions as required from time to time.

15


Exhibit 12.1
 
CERTIFICATIONS
 
I, Moti Malul, certify that:
 
1.
I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of NeoGames S.A.;

2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.
The company’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the company and have:


(a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
          

(b)
[omitted];
          

(c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
          

(d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting; and
          
5.
The company’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company’s auditors and the audit committee of the company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
          

(a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
          

(b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
Date: April 16, 2021
By:
/s/ Moti Malul
 
 
Moti Malul
 
 
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)



Exhibit 12.2
 
CERTIFICATIONS
 
I, Raviv Adler, certify that:

1.
I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of NeoGames S.A.;

2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.
The company’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the company and have:


(a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
          

(b)
[omitted];
          

(c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
          

(d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting; and
          
5.
The company’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company’s auditors and the audit committee of the company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
          

(a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
          

(b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
Date: April 16, 2021
By:
/s/ Raviv Adler
 
 
Raviv Adler
 
 
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
 


Exhibit 13.1
 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
In connection with the Annual Report on Form 20-F of NeoGames S.A. (the “Company”) for the year ended December 31, 2020 (the “Report”), I, Moti Malul, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, do hereby certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:
  

1.
the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act; and


2.
the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 
Date: April 16, 2021
By:
/s/ Moti Malul
 
 
Moti Malul
 
 
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
 
A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to NeoGames S.A. and will be retained by NeoGames S.A. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.



Exhibit 13.2
 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
In connection with the Annual Report on Form 20-F of NeoGames S.A. (the “Company”) for the year ended December 31, 2020 (the “Report”), I, Raviv Adler, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, do hereby certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:
 

1.
the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act; and


2.
the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. 
 
Date: April 16, 2021
By:
/s/ Raviv Adler
 
 
Raviv Adler
 
 
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
 
A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to NeoGames S.A. and will be retained by NeoGames S.A. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.



Exhibit 15.1
 
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement on Form S-8 (333-251103) of NeoGames, S.A. (the “Company”) of our report dated April 16, 2021, relating to the consolidated financial statements of the Company and our report dated April 16, 2021, relating to the financial statements of NeoPollard Interactive LLC, which appear in this Annual Report on Form 20-F.

/s/ Ziv Haft
Ziv Haft
Certified Public Accountants (Isr.)
BDO Member Firm

April 16, 2021
Tel Aviv, Israel